Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

extracellular fluid
a general term for all the body fluids outside the cells, comprising about one third of the body fluids. It can be further subdivided into interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid (plasma). Extracellular fluid circulates in the spaces between the cells and brings to the cells the nutrients and other substances needed for thei...

extracellular tissue
the total of tissues and body fluids outside the cells.

extracellular toxin
exotoxin.

extrachromosomal
(eks″trә-kro″mo-so´mәl) outside or not involving the chromosome; as in mitochondrial inheritance, which involves only mitochondrial DNA.

extrachromosomal inheritance
cytoplasmic inheritance.

extracorporeal
(eks″trә-kor-por´e-әl) located or occurring outside the body.

extracorporeal circulation
circulation of blood outside the body, as through a hemodialyzer for removal of substances usually excreted in the urine, or a heart-lung machine for carbon dioxide–oxygen exchange.

extracorticospinal
(eks″trә-kor″tĭ-ko-spi´nәl) outside the corticospinal tract.

extracorticospinal system
extrapyramidal system.

extracranial-intracranial bypass
anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to the middle cerebral artery to preserve function or prevent stroke or death in patients with stenosis of the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery.

extract
(ek´strakt) a concentrated preparation of a vegetable or animal drug created by removing the active constituents with a suitable solvent and then evaporating all or nearly all the solvent.

extractable nuclear antigens
ENA; protein antigens, not containing DNA, that are extractable from cell nuclei in phosphate-buffered saline; anti-ENA antibodies are a component of the antinuclear antibodies occurring in systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases.

extraction
(ek-strak´shәn) the process or act of pulling or drawing out.

extractor
(ek-strak´tәr) an instrument for pulling out a body part, foreign body, or calculus. basket extractor a device for removal of calculi from the upper urinary tract, consisting of a network of filaments on a catheter that is passed into the ureter through a ureteroscope; the ...

extradural
(eks″trә-doo´rәl) situated or occurring outside the dura mater.

extradural hemorrhage
intracranial hemorrhage into the epidural space.

extraembryonic
(eks″trә-em″bre-on´ik) external to the embryo proper, as the extraembryonic coelom or the extraembryonic membranes.

extraembryonic membranes
those that protect the embryo or fetus and provide for its nutrition, respiration, and excretion; the yolk sac (umbilical vesicle), allantois, amnion, chorion, decidua, and placenta. Called also fetal membranes.

extrafocal radiation
radiation that arises from a source other than the focal spot of the x-ray tube.

extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
cholangiocellular carcinoma.

extralemniscal system
a group of multisynaptic pathways in the spinothalamic tracts, projecting to the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus.

extramammary
(eks″trә-mam´ә-re) somewhere on the body other than around the breast.

extramastoiditis
(eks″trә-mas″toi-di´tis) inflammation of tissues adjoining the mastoid process.

extramural
(eks″trә-mu´rәl) situated or occurring outside the wall of an organ or structure.

extraneous variable
a factor that is not itself under study but affects the measurement of the study variables or the examination of their relationships.

extraocular muscles
the six voluntary muscles that move the eyeball: superior, inferior, middle, and lateral recti, and superior and inferior oblique muscles.

extraosseous
(eks″trә-os´e-әs) occurring outside a bone or bones.

extraplacental
(eks″trә-plә-sen´tәl) independent of the placenta.

extrapolation
(ek-strap″o-la´shәn) inference of one or more unknown values on the basis of that which is known or has been observed; usually applied to estimation beyond the upper and lower ranges of observed data as opposed to interpolation between data points.

extrapsychic
(eks″trә-si´kik) occurring outside the mind; taking place between the mind and the external environment.

extrapulmonary
(eks″trә-pool´mo-nar″e) not connected with the lungs.

extrapyramidal
(eks″trә-pĭ-ram´ĭ-dәl) outside the pyramidal tracts.

extrapyramidal disease
extrapyramidal syndrome any of a group of clinical disorders marked by abnormal involuntary movements, alterations in muscle tone, and postural disturbances; the group includes parkinsonism, chorea, athetosis, and others.

extrapyramidal effects
the side effects caused by neuroleptic medications, including dystonias, parkinsonism, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia.

extrapyramidal system
a functional, rather than anatomical, unit comprising the nuclei and fibers (excluding those of the pyramidal tract) involved in motor activities; they control and coordinate especially the postural, static, supporting, and locomotor mechanisms. It includes the corpus striatum, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and r...

extrapyramidal tract
extrapyramidal system.

extrarenal pelvis
see renal pelvis.

extrasaccular hernia
sliding hernia.

extrasystole
(eks″trә-sis´to-le) a premature cardiac contraction that is independent of the normal rhythm and arises in response to an impulse outside the sinoatrial node.

extratubal
(eks″trә-too´bәl) outside a tube.

extrauterine
(eks″trә-u´tәr-in) situated or occurring outside the uterus.

extrauterine pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy.

extravasation
(ek-strav″ә-sa´shәn) a discharge or escape, as of blood, from a vessel into the tissues. the inadvertent administration of a vesicant into the tissues; the intensity of the irritating action is so severe that plasma escapes from the extracellular space and blisters are formed. Large extra...

extravascular
(eks″trә-vas´ku-lәr) situated or occurring outside a vessel or the vessels.

extraversion
(eks″trә-vur´zhәn) extroversion. one of the two main personality types described by Jung in his system of analytic psychology; the other is introversion.

extravert
(eks´trә-vәrt) extrovert.

extravisual zones
those dioptric surfaces and media outside the visual zone that are practically incapable of accurately focusing light.

extremity
(ek-strem´ĭ-te) the distal or terminal portion of elongated or pointed structures. limb.

extrinsic
(ek-strin´zik) of external origin.

extrinsic asthma
asthma caused by some factor in the environment, usually atopic in nature. atopic asthma.

extrinsic factor
cyanocobalamin.

extrinsic muscle
a muscle that originates in another part or limb than that of its insertion, such as those muscles originating outside the eye that move the eyeball.

extrinsic pathway of coagulation
the mechanism that produces fibrin following tissue injury, beginning with formation of an activated complex between tissue factor and factor vii and leading to activation of factor x, which induces the reactions of the common pathway of coagulation. See also intrinsic p. of coagulation.

extrinsic stain
a stain that can be removed from a tooth surface by polishing.

extroversion
(eks″tro-vur´zhәn) a turning inside out. direction of one's energies and attention outward from the self; called also extraversion.

extrovert
(eks´tro-vәrt) a person whose interest is turned outward. to turn one's interest outward to the external world.

extrude
(ek-strldbomacd´) to force out, or to occupy a position distal to that normally occupied. in dentistry, to occupy a position occlusal to that normally occupied.

extruded disk
a herniated disk protruding through the anulus fibrosus, with the nuclear material remaining attached to the disk.

extrusion
(ek-stroo´zhәn) a pushing out. in dentistry, the condition of a tooth pushed too far forward from the line of occlusion as a result of injury or of lack of opposing occlusal force.

extubation
(eks″too-ba´shәn) removal of a previously inserted tube, such as an endotracheal tube, catheter, drain, or feeding tube, from an organ, orifice, or other body structure. See also intubation.

exuberant
(eg-zoo´bәr-әnt) copious or excessive in production; showing excessive proliferation.

exudate
(eks´u-dāt) a fluid with a high content of protein and cellular debris that has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation.

exudation
(eks″u-da´shәn) the escape of fluid, cells, or cellular debris from blood vessels and deposition in or on the tissue. exudate.

exudation cyst
a cyst formed by the slow seepage of an exudate into a closed cavity.

exudative
(ek-soo´dә-tiv) of or pertaining to a process of exudation.

exudative arthritis
arthritis with exudate into or about the joint.

exudative pleurisy
p. with effusion.

exudative retinitis
exudative retinopathy.

exudative retinopathy
a condition marked by masses of white or yellowish exudate in the posterior part of the fundus of the eye, with deposits of blood debris from retinal hemorrhage; this can lead to destruction of the macula and blindness.

exudative tuberculosis
the simplest form of pulmonary tuberculosis, often the earliest type seen, in which alveolar spaces and smaller bronchi become filled with fluid consisting mainly of large mononuclear cells. See also tuberculous pneumonia.

exumbilication
(eks″әm-bil″ĭ-ka´shәn) marked protrusion of the navel. umbilical hernia.

eye
(i) the organ of vision. In the embryo it develops as a direct extension of the brain, and thus it is a delicate organ; to protect it, the bones of the skull are shaped to form a round cavity. The conjunctival sac covers the front of the eyeball and lines the upper and lower eyelids. Tears constantly wash the eye ...

eye point
the bright circle seen at the crossing point or nearest the approximation of the rays above the microscopical ocular.

eye tooth
popular name for a canine tooth of the upper jaw.

eyeball
(i´bawl) the ball or globe of the eye; called also bulbus oculi, bulb of eye, and globus.

eyeball compression reflex
eyeball-heart reflex oculocardiac reflex.

eyebrow
(i´brou) the transverse elevation at the junction of the forehead and the upper eyelid. the hairs growing on this elevation.

eyecup
(i´kәp) a small vessel formerly used for application of cleansing or medicated solution to the exposed area of the eyeball.

eyeglasses
(i´glas-әz) glasses.

eyeground
(i´ground) the fundus of the eye as seen with an ophthalmoscope.

eyelash
(i´lash) cilium; one of the hairs growing on the edge of an eyelid.

eyelid
(i´lid) either of two movable folds (upper and lower) protecting the anterior surface of the eyeball.

eyelid closure reflex
corneal r. (def. 1). conjunctival reflex.

eyepiece
(i´pēs) the lens or system of lenses of a microscope (or telescope) nearest the user's eye, serving to further magnify the image produced by the objective. Called also ocular.

Fab
originally, either of two identical fragments, each containing an antigen combining site, obtained by papain cleavage of molecules of the IgG class of immunoglobulins. The term is now generally used as an adjective in compound terms such as Fab fragment and Fab region, referring to an “arm” of any immunoglobulin mon...

FAB classification
(French-American-British) a classification of acute leukemia produced by a three-nation joint collaboration; acute lymphoblastic leukemia is subdivided into three types and acute myelogenous leukemia is subdivided into eight types.

FAB test
fluorescent antibody test.

fabella
(fә-bel´ә) pl. fabel´lae a sesamoid fibrocartilage in the gastrocnemius muscle.

Faber syndrome
(fah´bәr) hypochromic anemia.

fabere sign
(fah-bēr´) (from the movements necessary to elicit it: flexion, abduction, external rotation, and extension) Patrick test.

fabism
(fa´biz-әm) favism.

Fabry disease
(fah´bre) ain inherited form of sphingolipidosis, caused by a recessive gene located on the X chromosome, in which the glycolipid trihexosyl ceramide is deposited in various tissues, especially the kidneys; the deficient enzyme is α-galactosidase A. It is marked by purpuric skin lesions (angiokeratomas), cent...

FACD
Fellow of the American College of Dentists.

face
(fās) the anterior, or ventral, aspect of the head from the forehead to the chin, inclusive. any presenting aspect or surface. adj., fa´cial, adj. . moon face the characteristic round face seen in various conditions, such as Cushing syndrome, or after administra...

facelift
(fās´lift) popular name for rhytidectomy; written also face lift.

facet
(fas´әt) (fә-set´) a small, plane surface on a hard body, such as a bone.

facet joint
zygapophysis.

facetectomy
(fas″ә-tek´tә-me) excision of the articular facet of a vertebra.

facial artery
origin, external carotid artery; branches, ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, inferior labial, superior labial, septal, lateral nasal, angular, glandular; distribution, face, tonsil, palate, submandibular gland.

facial atrophy
facial hemiatrophy a condition of unknown etiology, characterized by progressive atrophy of the tissues of one side of the face, frequently with pigmentation disorders and alopecia, jacksonian epilepsy, and trigeminal neuralgia. Sometimes it spreads to involve both sides of the face or the ipsilateral trunk, viscera, or limbs. C...