Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

eptifibatide
(ep″tә-fib´ә-tīd) an inhibitor of platelet aggregation used for prevention of thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome or undergoing certain percutaneous coronary procedures; administered intravenously.

epulis
(ә-pu´lis) pl. epu´lides a tumor of the gingiva. peripheral ossifying fibroma. giant cell epulis , epulis gigantocellularis a sessile or pedunculated lesion of the gingiva, or less often the mucous membrane covering edentulous ridges; it is an inflammat...

Equagesic
(ek″wә-je´zik) trademark for a combination preparation of the analgesicaspirin and the muscle relaxantmeprobamate; used as an antispasmodic.

equation
(e-kwa´zhәn) an expression of equality between two parts. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation a formula for calculating the pH of a buffer solution such as blood plasma, pH = pKa + log [BA/HA]; [HA] is the concentration of a free weak acid; [BA] the concentration of the ionized form of t...

equatorial plate
the collection of chromosomes at the equator of the cell during metaphase.

equianalgesic
(e″kwĭ-an″әl-je´sik) approximately equal in ability to relieve pain; said of drugs, doses, or routes of administration.

equilibrating operation
tenotomy of the direct antagonist of a paralyzed eye muscle.

equilibration
(e-kwil″ĭ-bra´shәn) the achievement of a balance between opposing elements or forces. mandibular equilibration the act or acts done to put the mandible into equilibrium with the maxilla. a condition in which all the forces acting upon the mandible are neu...

equilibrium
(e″kwĭ-lib´re-әm) harmonious adjustment of different elements or parts; called also balance. a state of chemical balance in the body, reached when the tissues contain the proper proportions of various salts and water. See also acid-base balance and fluid balance. sense of equ...

equilin
(ek´wil-in) an estrogen occurring in the urine of pregnant mares; see also conjugated estrogens.

equine
(e´kwīn) pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from the horse.

equine encephalitis
equine encephalomyelitis.

equine encephalomyelitis
a type of encephalomyelitis in horses and mules, caused by an alphavirus and spread to humans by mosquitoes; it occurs in summer epizootics in various parts of the Americas. Three forms are recognized: eastern, western, and Venezuelan. Called also equine encephalitis.

equine encephalomyelitis virus
a group of arbovirus species of the genus Alphavirus, each named for the type of encephalomyelitis it causes in mammals such as horses and humans. These viruses have a reservoir of infection in birds and are transmitted by mosquitoes. Included in the group are eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, western equine encephalomyel...

equine gait
a walk accomplished mainly by flexing the hip joint; seen in crossed leg palsy.

equinovalgus
(e-kwi″no-val´gәs) talipes equinovalgus.

equinovarus
(e-kwi″no-va´rәs) talipes equinovarus.

equipment dead space
the volume of equipment that results in rebreathing of gases.

equipotential
(e″kwĭ-po-ten´shәl) having similar and equal power or capability.

equipotentiality
(e″kwĭ-po-ten″she-al´ĭ-te) the quality or state of having similar and equal power; the capacity for developing in the same way and to the same extent.

equivalent
(e-kwiv´ә-lent) of equal value or force. in chemistry, having the same valence. see equivalent weight. anxiety equivalent physical symptoms resulting from somatization of underlying anxiety.

equivalent weight
the amount of substance that combines with or displaces 8.0 g of oxygen (or 1.008 g of hydrogen), usually expressed in grams; for acid/base reactions, one equivalent donates or receives a mole of protons and the equivalent weight is the ratio of the molecular weight to the number of protons involved in the reaction. For o...

Er
erbium.

Erb atrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy. limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

Erb disease
(erb) Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Erb dystrophy
(erb) Erb muscular dystrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy. limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

Erb palsy
Erb-Duchenne palsy Erb-Duchenne paralysis.

Erb paralysis
Erb-Duchenne paralysis. Erb spastic paraplegia.

Erb point
a point 2 to 3 cm above the clavicle and beyond the posterior border of the sternomastoid, at the level of the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra; stimulation here contracts various arm muscles.

Erb spastic paraplegia
(erb) Erb syphilitic spastic paraplegia an uncommon form of meningovascular neurosyphilis marked by progressive spasticity and weakness of the legs, paraplegia, muscular atrophy, paresthesia, increased knee and ankle reflexes, and incontinence. Called also cerebrospinal syphilis, Erb paralysis, Erb-Charcot disease, and s...

Erb-Charcot disease
(erb´ shahr-ko´) Erb spastic paraplegia.

Erb-Duchenne paralysis
paralysis of the upper roots of the brachial plexus due to destruction of the fifth and sixth cervical roots, without involvement of the small muscles of the hand. Called also Erb palsy.

Erb-Goldflam disease
(erb´ gōlt´flahm) myasthenia gravis.

Erben phenomenon
Erben reflexErben sign slowing down of the pulse upon bending the head and trunk strongly forward, due to vagal excitability; called also Erben phenomenon or sign.

erbium
(Er) (ur´be-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 68, atomic weight 167.26.

ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Erdheim disease
(erd´hīm) cystic medial necrosis.

erectile
(ә-rek´tīl) capable of erection.

erectile tissue
spongy tissue that expands and becomes hard when filled with blood.

erectile tumor
cavernous hemangioma.

erection
(ә-rek´shәn) the condition of becoming rigid and elevated, as erectile tissue when filled with blood. especially the swelling and rigidity that occur in the penis as a result of sexual or other types of stimulation. Impulses received by the nervous system stimulate a flow of blood from the arte...

erection center
a reflex center in the sacral spinal cord that regulates erection of the penis or clitoris.

erector
(ә-rek´tәr) a structure that erects, as a muscle that holds up or raises a part.

erector spinae muscle
a name given to the fibers of the more superficial of the deep muscles of the back, originating from the sacrum, spines of lumbar and eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebrae, and iliac crest, which split and insert as the iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles.

erector spinae reflex
dorsal reflex.

erg
(urg) a unit of work or energy, being the work performed when a force of 1 dyne moves its point of operation through a distance of 1 cm; equal to 10−7joule.

ergocalciferol
(ur″go-kal-sif´әr-ol) vitamin D2, a fat-soluble vitamin occurring naturally in fungi and some fish oils or synthesized from ergosterol, and similar to cholecalciferol in activity and metabolism. It is administered orally or added to food (such as milk) as a dietary source of vitamin D. It is also administered oral...

ergograph
(ur´go-graf) an instrument for measuring work done in muscular action.

ergoloid mesylates
(ur´go-loid) hydrogenated ergot alkaloids used for relief of signs and symptoms of idiopathic decline in mental capacity (including impairment of recent memory, confusion, and disorientation) in persons over sixty.

ergometer
(er-gom´ә-tәr) an instrument that measures the amount of work performed during muscular activity; see also dynamometer.

ergonomics
(ur″go-nom´iks) the scientific study of humans and their work, including the anatomic, physiologic, psychologic, and mechanical principles affecting the efficient use of human energy.

ergonomist
(әr-gon´ә-mist) an individual with professional credentials in ergonomics or a closely related field, who analyzes human work environments and recommends ways of correcting hazards.

ergonovine
(ur″go-no´vin) an alkaloid obtained from ergot or produced synthetically, used as the maleate salt as an oxytocic and as a provocative test in detection of Prinzmetal angina due to coronary artery spasm.

ergosterol
(әr-gos´tә-rol″) a sterol found in animal and plant tissues, which on irradiation by ultraviolet rays converts to vitamin D2, a potent agent for the prevention of rickets.

ergot
(ur´got) the dried sclerotium of the fungus Claviceps purpurea, which attacks rye plants. Ergot alkaloids are used as oxytocics and in treatment of migraine. Consumption of excessive amounts of ergot can cause the toxicity known as ergotism.

ergotamine
(әr-got´ә-min) an alkaloid derived from ergot, used as the tartrate salt in treatment of migraine and cluster headaches; administered orally, sublingually, rectally, or by oral inhalation.

ergotherapy
(ur″go-ther´ә-pe) treatment of disease by physical effort.

ergotism
(ur´go-tiz-әm) chronic poisoning produced by ingestion of ergot, marked by cerebrospinal symptoms, spasm, cramps, a kind of dry gangrene of the extremities, and burning pain related to intense peripheral vasoconstriction.

Erhard test
a test for detecting simulated deafness.

Erichsen sign
Erichsen test when the iliac bones are sharply pressed toward each other pain is felt in sacroiliac disease but not in hip disease.

erogenous
(ә-roj´ә-nәs) arousing erotic feelings.

erogenous zone
erotogenic zone in psychoanalytic theory, an area of the body through which the libido expresses itself and which is therefore susceptible to erotic excitation upon stimulation; the primary sites are the oral, anal, and genital regions, but the other body orifices, breasts, and skin are also included.

erosion
(ә-ro´zhәn) a wearing away. a shallow or superficial ulceration. in dentistry, the wasting away or loss of substance of a tooth by a chemical process that does not involve known bacterial action. adj., ero´sive., adj. cervical erosion ...

erotic
(ә-rot´ik) charged with sexual feeling. pertaining to sexual desire.

eroticism
(ә-rot´ĭ-siz-әm) erotism.

erotism
(er´o-tiz″әm) a sexual instinct or desire; the expression of one's instinctual energy or drive, especially the sex drive. anal erotism in psychoanalytic theory, fixation of libido at (or regression to) the anal phase of infantile development, producing egotistic, dogm...

erotize
(er´o-tīz) to endow with erotic meaning or significance.

erotogenic
(ә-rot″o-jen´ik) producing erotic feeling.

erotomania
(ә-rot″o-ma´ne-ә) a type of delusional disorder in which the subject believes that a person, usually older and of higher social status, is deeply in love with him or her; failure of the object of the delusion to respond to the subject's advances are rationalized, and pursuit and harassment of the...

erotomanic delusion
a delusional conviction associated with erotomania.

erotophobia
(ә-rot″o-fo´be-ә) fear of love, especially of sexual feelings and activity.

errhine
(er´īn) promoting a nasal discharge. an agent that has this effect.

error
(er´әr) a defect or mistake in structure or function.

error of refraction
deviation from optimal focusing of light (emmetropia) by the lens of the eye onto the retina, such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, or anisometropia.

erucic acid
(ә-roo´sik) a monounsaturated fatty acid that is a major constituent of certain oils, such as rapeseed oil. Because it has been linked to heart muscle damage, oils such as canola oil were developed that are low in erucic acid.

erucism
(er´u-siz″әm) caterpillar dermatitis.

eructation
(ә-rәk-ta´shәn) the oral ejection of gas or air from the stomach; belching.

eruption
(ĕ-rup´shәn) the act of breaking out, appearing, or becoming visible, as eruption of the teeth. visible efflorescent lesions of the skin due to disease, with redness, prominence, or both; a rash. adj., erup´tive, adj. . creeping eruption a peculiar eruptio...

eruptive fever
any fever accompanied by a skin eruption or exanthem; called also exanthematous fever.

eruptive xanthoma
diabetic xanthoma.

ERV
expiratory reserve volume.

erysipelas
(er″ә-sip´ә-lәs) an acute, contagious form of cellulitis caused by infection with Group A hemolytic streptococci. The visible symptoms are round or oval patches on the skin that enlarge, spread, and become swollen, tender, and red. Affected skin is hot to the touch, and adjacent skin may form bli...

erysipeloid
(er″ә-sip´ә-loid) bacterial cellulitis due to infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, usually seen as an occupational disease in persons who handle seafood, meat, or poultry. There are three forms: a mild, localized form; a generalized or diffuse form that may be accompanied by fever and arthritis...

Erysipelothrix
(er″ә-sip´ә-lo-thriks″) a genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It contains one species, E. rhusiopa´thiae, the causative agent of swine erysipelas, which also infects sheep, turkeys, and rats. In humans the usual type of infection is an erythematous, edematous lesion, commonly on the hand...

erythema
(er″ә-the´mә) redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation.

erythema ab ig´ne
permanent erythema or a brown to red reticulated residual pigmentation produced by prolonged exposure to excessive radiant heat; it is seen most often on the lower limbs but under appropriate environmental circumstances can occur anywhere on the body.

erythema annulare
(er″ә-the´mә an″u-lar´e) gyrate erythema in which the lesions are ring shaped. erythema marginatum.

erythema annulare centrifugum
(er″ә-the´mә an″u-lar´e sen-trif″u-gәm) an often mild but recurrent form of gyrate erythema having ring-shaped, wheallike lesions with edematous borders and often a yellow central region with scaling; the lesions may coalesce.

erythema chronicum migrans
(er″ә-the´mә kron´ĭ-kәm mi´granz) a deep form of gyrate erythema seen in Lyme disease. At the site of the tick bite a red papule develops and expands slowly, producing an annular lesion with central clearing. There are often systemic symptoms such as chills, fever, headache, malaise, vomitin...

erythema dose
(ED) the amount of ionizing radiation that, when applied to the skin, causes erythema.

erythema gyratum repens
(er″ә-the´mә ji-ra´tәm re´penz) a superficial form of gyrate erythema, almost always associated with internal malignancy, characterized by migratory, elevated wavy bands over the entire body.

erythema induratum
(er″ә-the´mә in″du-ra´tәm) a type of predominantly lobular panniculitis of uncertain etiology, seen usually on the calves of young and middle-aged women, and initiated or exacerbated by cold weather; it is often related to cutaneous tuberculosis. Characteristics include granulomas, vasculit...

erythema infectiosum
(er″ә-the´mә in-fek″she-o´sәm) a contagious, but mild and self-limited, viral disease of childhood characterized by a lacelike skin rash symmetrically distributed on the hands, arms, and legs, with few or no other symptoms; occasionally there is a low grade fever. The incubation period ...

erythema marginatum
(er″ә-the´mә mahr″jĭ-na´tәm) a superficial, often asymptomatic, form of gyrate erythema sometimes seen with rheumatic fever, characterized by a transient, somewhat hard eruption on the trunk and extensor surfaces of the limbs.

erythema multiforme
(er″ә-the´mә mul″tĭ-for´me) a symptom complex consisting of a reaction of the skin and mucous membranes to any of a variety of factors, including infections, things eaten or drunk, physical agents, malignancy, and pregnancy. Characteristics include sudden onset of a reddened macular, b...

erythema nodosum
(er″ә-the´mә no-do´sәm) a type of panniculitis occurring usually as a hypersensitivity reaction to any of a variety of provoking agents, which may be a drug or a condition such as an infection, sarcoidosis, or any of various enteropathies. It most often affects young women and is characterized by...

erythema nodosum leprosum
(er″ә-the´mә no-do´sәm lә-pro´sәm) a form of lepra reaction seen in lepromatous and sometimes borderline leprosy, marked by tender, inflamed subcutaneous nodules; the reactions resemble multifocal Arthus reactions.

erythema toxicum
(er″ә-the´mә tok´sĭ-kәm) erythema toxicum neonatorum (er″ә-the´mә tok´sĭ-kәm ne″o-na-tor´әm) a common, benign, generalized, transient eruption seen in infants during the first week of life, usually consisting of small papules or pustul...

erythematous
(er″ә-them´ә-tәs) characterized by erythema.

erythemogenic
(er″ĭ-the″mo-jen´ik) producing or causing erythema.