Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

ethmoiditis
(eth″moi-di´tis) inflammation of the ethmoid bone. ethmoid sinusitis.

ethmoidotomy
(eth″moi-dot´ә-me) incision into the ethmoid sinus.

ethosuximide
(eth″o-suk´sĭ-mīd) an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of absence epilepsy; administered orally.

ethotoin
(eth´o-to″in) an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of grand mal epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy, administered orally

ethoxzolamide
(eth″oks-zol´ә-mīd) a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used in treatment of glaucoma and edema.

ethyl
(eth´әl) the monovalent radical, C2H5. ethyl acetate a flavoring agent and solvent used in pharmaceutical preparations. ethyl chloride a local anesthetic sprayed on intact skin to produce anesthesia by superficial freezing caused by its rapid evaporat...

ethyl alcohol
ethanol.

ethylene
(eth´ә-lēn) a colorless, highly flammable gas with a slightly sweet taste and odor, used as an inhalation anesthetic to induce general anesthesia. ethylene glycol a solvent with a sweet, acrid taste, used as an antifreeze. Acute poisoning by ingestion can result in central nerv...

ethylenediamine
(eth″ә-lēn-di´ә-mēn) a clear liquid with an ammonialike odor and a strong alkaline reaction; complexed with theophylline it forms aminophylline.

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(EDTA) (eth″ә-lēn-di´ә-mēn-tet″rә-ә-se´tik) a chelating agent that binds calcium and other metals; used as an anticoagulant for preserving blood specimens. Also used medicinally; see edetate. Called also edetic acid.

ethylnorepinephrine
(eth″әl-nor-ep″ĭ-nef´rin) a synthetic adrenergic, used as the hydrochloride salt in treatment of asthma.

ethynodiol
(ә-thi″no-di´ol) a progestational agent used, as the diacetate salt, in combination with an estrogen component as an oral contraceptive.

etidocaine
(ә-te´do-kān) a local anesthetic of the amide type, used as the hydrochloride salt for percutaneous infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and caudal and epidural block. a local anesthetic used as the hydrochloride salt for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, retrobulbar b...

etidronate
(e-tĭ-dro´nāt) a bone calcium regulator used as the disodium salt in the treatment of symptomatic osteitis deformans, for the prevention of heterotopic ossification due to spinal cord injury or following total hip replacement, and for the treatment of hypercalcemia associated with malignancy. It is also used in bone...

etiology
(e″te-ol´ә-je) the study or theory of the factors that cause disease and how disease is introduced to the host. the causes or origin of a disease or disorder; see also pathogenesis. adj., etiolog´ic, etiolog´ical., adj.

etodolac
(e-to-do´lak) a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug used as an analgesic and antiinflammatory, especially to treat arthritis; administered orally.

etomidate
(ә-tom´ĭ-dāt) a sedative and hypnotic, administered intravenously for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia and as a supplement to low-potency anesthetics for maintenance of anesthesia during short operative procedures.

etoposide
(e″to-po´sīd) a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin used as the base or the phosphate salt as an antineoplastic agent in treatment of carcinoma of the testes, lung, or bladder, lymphoma, acute myelocytic leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, and Kaposi sarcoma; administered orally or intravenously.

Eu
europium.

Eubacterium
(u″bak-te´re-әm) a genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped organisms occurring as saprophytes in soil and water. They are normal flora of the skin and body cavities and occasionally cause soft tissue infection. Species include E. alactoly´ticum, E. len´tum, and E. limo´sum.

eucalyptol
(u″kә-lip´tol) a colorless liquid obtained from eucalyptus oil and other sources; used as an expectorant, flavoring agent, and local anesthetic.

eucalyptus oil
(u″kә-lip´tәs) a volatile oil from fresh leaf of species of Eucalyptus, the chief constituent of which is eucalyptol; it is used as a pharmaceutical flavoring agent and as an expectorant and local antiseptic.

Eucarya
(u-kar´e-ә) in the three-domain system of classification, the division that includes all eukaryotic organisms: plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Eucaryotae
(u-kar″e-o´te) a kingdom of organisms that includes higher plants and animals, fungi, protozoa, and most algae (except blue-green algae), all of which are made up of eukaryotic cells; see also eukaryote.

eucaryote
(u-kar´e-ōt) eukaryote.

euchlorhydria
(u″klor-hi´dre-ә) the presence of the normal amount of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.

eucholia
(u-ko´le-ә) normal condition of the bile.

euchromatin
(u-kro´mә-tin) the form of chromatin that is genetically active and constitutes the majority of the chromosomes; it is relatively uncoiled and stains lightly during interphase and condenses and stains more darkly during nuclear division. See also heterochromatin. adj., euchromat´ic, adj. .

euchromatopsy
(u-kro´mә-top″se) normal color vision.

eucrasia
(u-kra´zhә) a state of health; proper balance of different factors constituting a healthy state. a state in which the body reacts normally to ingested or injected drugs, proteins, or other substances.

eudipsia
(u-dip´se-ә) ordinary, normal thirst.

eugenics
(u-jen´iks) the study and control of procreation as a means of improving hereditary characteristics of future generations. The concept has sometimes been used in a pseudoscientific way as an excuse for unethical, racist, or even genocidal practices such as involuntary sterilization or certain other practices in Na...

eugenol
(u´jәn-ol) a dental topical analgesic and protective obtained from clove oil or other sources.

euglobulin
(u-glob´u-lin) one of a class of globulins characterized by being insoluble in water but soluble in saline solutions.

euglobulin lysis test
(for hemorrhagic tendencies) the time of fibrinolysis is measured by determining the time required to dissolve an incubated clot composed of precipitated plasma euglobulin and exogenous thrombin. Lysis in less than 90 minutes indicates abnormally enhanced fibrinolytic activity.

euglycemia
(u″gli-se´me-ә) a normal level of glucose in the blood. adj., euglyce´mic., adj.

eugonic
(u-gon´ik) growing luxuriantly; said of bacterial cultures.

eukaryosis
(u″kar-e-o´sis) the state of having a true nucleus.

Eukaryotae
(u-kar″e-o´te) Eucaryotae.

eukaryote
(u-kar´e-ōt) an organism of the Eucaryotae, whose cells (eukaryotic cells) have a true nucleus that is bounded by a nuclear membrane, contains the chromosomes, and divides by mitosis. Eukaryotic cells also contain membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, and the Golgi apparatus. Pla...

eukaryotic
(u″kәr-e-ot´ik) pertaining to a eukaryote; see also cell.

eukaryotic cell
a cell that has a true nucleus that contains its chromosomes, as well as numerous membrane-bound organelles. This type of cell is larger than a prokaryotic cell.

eukinesia
(u″kĭ-ne´zhә) normal or proper motor function or activity. adj., eukinet´ic, adj. .

eulaminate
(u-lam´ĭ-nāt) having the normal number of laminae, as certain areas of the cerebral cortex.

Eulenburg disease
(oi´lәn-bәrg) myotonia congenita.

Eulexin
(u-lek´sin) trademark for a preparation of flutamide, an antiandrogenantineoplastic agent.

eumetria
(u-me´tre-ә) a normal condition of nerve impulse, so that a voluntary movement just reaches the intended goal; the proper range of movement.

eunuch
(u´nәk) a male deprived of the testes or external genitals, especially one castrated before puberty so that male secondary sex characters fail to develop. See also castration.

eunuchoid
(u´nә-koid) resembling a eunuch. a person who resembles a eunuch.

eunuchoidism
(u´nә-koi″diz-әm) hypogonadism in a male; deficiency of the testes or of their secretion, with deficient secondary sex characters. female eunuchoidism hypogonadism in which the ovaries fail to function at puberty, resulting in infertility, absence of development of secon...

eupancreatism
(u-pan´kre-ә-tiz″әm) normal functioning of the pancreas.

eupepsia
(u-pep´se-ә) good digestion; the presence of a normal amount of pepsin in the gastric juice. adj., eupep´tic., adj.

euphoretic
(u″fә-ret´ik) producing euphoria. an agent that so acts.

euphoria
(u-for´e-ә) an exaggerated feeling of physical and mental well-being, especially when not justified by external reality. Euphoria may be induced by drugs such as opioids, amphetamines, and alcohol and is also a feature of mania. adj., euphor´ic., adj.

euphoriant
(u-for´e-әnt) euphoretic.

euplastic
(u-plas´tik) readily becoming organized or healed; adapted to tissue formation.

euploid
(u´ploid) having an exact multiple of the haploid number of chromosomes.

euploidy
(u-ploi´de) the state of being euploid.

eupnea
(ūp-ne´ә) normal respiration. adj., eupne´ic, adj. .

eupraxia
(u-prak´se-ә) intactness of reproduction of coordinated movements. adj., euprac´tic., adj.

eurhythmia
(u-rith´me-ә) regularity of the pulse.

europium
(Eu) (u-ro´pe-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 63, atomic weight 151.96.

eurycephalic
(u″re-sә-fal´ik) having a wide head.

euryon
(u´re-on) a point on either parietal bone marking either end of the greatest transverse diameter of the skull.

Eustace Smith sign
Smith sign.

eustachian catheter
one for inflating the eustachian tube.

eustachian tube
(u-sta´ke-an) the narrow channel that connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx; it serves to equalize pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane (eardrum). In children this tube is wider and shorter than in adults, and thus children are especially prone to otitis media, infection of the middle ear that o...

euthanasia
(u″thә-na´zhә) an easy or painless death. the deliberate ending of life of a person suffering from an incurable disease, including the withholding extraordinary means or “heroic measures,” and thus allowing the patient to die. A distinction was traditionally made between posit...

euthermic
(u-thur´mik) characterized by the proper temperatures; promoting warmth.

euthyroid
(u-thi´roid) having a normally functioning thyroid gland.

euthyroid sick syndrome
subnormal levels of triiodothyronine in patients who have systemic illnesses but do not manifest symptoms of hypothyroidism.

eutocia
(u-to´shә) normal labor or childbirth.

Eutrombicula
(u″trom-bik´u-lә) a subgenus of the mite genus Trombicula.E. alfreddugè´si (called also Trombicula alfreddugèsi) is the common chigger of the United States.

eutrophication
(u″tro-fĭ-ka´shәn) the accidental or deliberate promotion of excessive growth (multiplication) of one kind of organism to the disadvantage of other organisms in the same ecosystem.

eV
electron volt.

evacuant
(e-vak´u-әnt) emptying. cathartic (defs. 1 and 2). a remedy that empties any organ, such as a cathartic, emetic, or diuretic.

evacuation
(e-vak″u-a´shәn) an emptying. an emptying of the bowels; called also catharsis and purgation.

evagination
(e-vaj″ĭ-na´shәn) an outpouching of a layer or part.

Evans blue
(ev´әnz) an odorless green, bluish green, or brown powder dye, used as a diagnostic acid in estimation of blood volume. The dye is injected into the bloodstream and after a sufficient period of time samples of the blood are taken to determine the degree of dilution of the dye.

Evans syndrome
(ev´әnz) acquired hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.

evaporated milk
milk prepared by evaporation of half of its water content.

evaporation
(e-vap″o-ra´shәn) conversion of a liquid or solid into vapor.

evasion
(e-va´zhәn) in psychiatry, suppression of an idea that comes next in a thought sequence and substitution of a closely related idea. It is a form of paralogia.

evening primrose oil
that produced by cold extraction from the ripe seeds of Oenothera biennis, the evening primrose; used internally in the treatment of mastalgia, premenstrual syndrome, and atopic eczema.

eventration
(e″ven-tra´shәn) evisceration (defs. 1 and 2). diaphragmatic eventration a congenital anomaly characterized by failure of muscular development of part or all of one (or occasionally both) hemidiaphragms, resulting in superior displacement of abdominal viscera and altered lung ...

Everglades virus
an arbovirus of the genus Alphavirus, transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Culex, isolated from rodents in the Everglades National Park; it causes a febrile illness in humans.

Eversbusch operation
an operation for ptosis of the upper eyelid, consisting of resection of the levator muscle through a skin incision.

eversion
(e-vur´zhәn) a turning outward or turning inside out. cervical eversion cervical ectropion.

evert
(e-vurt´) to turn inside out; to turn outward.

everting suture
a method by which the approximated edges of a wound are turned outward; formed by encircling with the needle a larger amount of tissue at the depth of the wound than at the periphery. See Plate 47.

evidence-based
(ev´ĭ-dәns-bāst) characterized by methods of diagnosis and treatment that are based on demonstrable evidence, that is, their effectiveness has been demonstrated by well-designed, peer-reviewed studies.

evidence-based medicine
the practice of medicine in which the physician finds, assesses, and implements methods of diagnosis and treatment on the basis of the best available, current research, their clinical expertise, and the needs and preferences of the patient.

evisceration
(e-vis″әr-a´shәn) extrusion of viscera outside the body, especially through a surgical incision. removal of abdominal viscera; called also eventration. in ophthalmology, removal of the contents of the eyeball while leaving the sclera intact.

evolution
(ev″ә-loo´shәn) the process of development in which an organ or organism becomes more and more complex by the differentiation of its parts; a continuous and progressive change according to certain laws and by means of resident forces. convergent evolution the devel...

evolutionary cataract
developmental cataract.

evulsion
(e-vul´shәn) forcible extraction.

Ewald tube
a large-lumen tube used in gastric lavage.

Ewart sign
(u´әrt) bronchial breathing and dullness on percussion at the lower angle of the left scapula in pericardial effusion.

Ewing sarcoma
a primary malignant tumor of the bone, closely related to a primitive neuroectodermal tumor, arising in medullary tissue, usually of cylindrical bones. Prominent symptoms are pain, fever, and leukocytosis. Called also Ewing tumor.

Ewing sign
tenderness at the upper inner angle of the orbit: a sign of obstruction of the outlet of the frontal sinus.