Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

endosalpingitis
(en″do-sal″pin-ji´tis) inflammation of the endosalpinx.

endosalpingoma
(en″do-sal″pin-go´mә) adenomyoma of the fallopian tube.

endosalpinx
(en″do-sal´pinks) the mucous membrane lining the fallopian tube.

endoscope
(en´do-skōp) an instrument used for direct visual inspection of hollow organs or body cavities. Specially designed endoscopes are used for such examinations as bronchoscopy, cystoscopy, gastroscopy, and proctoscopy.

endoscopic biopsy
removal of tissue by instruments inserted through an endoscope.

endoscopy
(en-dos´kә-pe) visual examination of interior structures of the body with an endoscope. adj., endoscop´ic., adj. capsule endoscopy inspection of the digestive tract by means of swallowed video camera that acquires images as it is propelled through the digestive sys...

endosepsis
(en″do-sep´sis) septicemia originating from causes inside the body.

endoskeleton
(en″do-skel´ә-ton) the cartilaginous and bony skeleton of the body, exclusive of that part of the skeleton of dermal origin.

endosmosis
(en″dos-mo´sis) inward osmosis; inward passage of liquid through a membrane of a cell or cavity, by which one fluid passes through a septum into a cavity that contains fluid of a different density. adj., endosmot´ic., adj.

endospore
(en´do-spor) a thick-walled body formed within the vegetative cells of certain bacteria (such as Bacillus or Clostridium) that can withstand adverse environmental conditions for prolonged periods; under favorable conditions it will germinate to form a vegetative bacterium. an asexual fungal spore produced ...

endosteal
(en-dos´te-әl) pertaining to the endosteum. occurring or located within a bone.

endosteal lamella
one of the bony plates lying beneath the endosteum.

endosteitis
(en-dos″te-i´tis) inflammation of the endosteum.

endosteoma
(en-dos″te-o´mә) a tumor in the medullary cavity of a bone.

endosteum
(en-dos´te-әm) the tissue lining the medullary cavity of a bone.

endotendineum
(en″do-tәn-din´e-әm) the delicate connective tissue separating the secondary bundles (fascicles) of a tendon.

endothelia
(en″do-the´le-ә) plural of endothelium.

endothelial
(en″do-the´le-әl) pertaining to or made up of endothelium.

endothelial system
see reticuloendothelial system.

endothelial tissue
a peculiar type of connective tissue that lines serous and lymph spaces.

endothelial-derived relaxing factor
endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF) nitric oxide.

endothelioid
(en″do-the´le-oid) resembling endothelium.

endothelioid cell
a type of large protoplasmic cell frequently seen in disease of the blood-making organs, believed by some to be derived from the endothelial lining of blood vessels and lymph vessels.

endothelioma
(en″do-the″le-o´mә) a tumor arising from the endothelial linings of blood vessels.

endotheliosis
(en″do-the″le-o´sis) proliferation of endothelial elements. glomerular capillary endotheliosis a renal lesion typical of eclampsia; it is characterized by deposition of fibrous material in and beneath the cells of the grossly swollen glomerular capillary endothelium, ...

endothelium
(en″do-the´le-әm) pl. endothe´lia the layer of epithelial cells that lines the cavities of the heart and of the blood and lymph vessels, and the serous cavities of the body.

endotherm
(en´do-thәrm″) an animal that exhibits endothermy. homeotherm.

endothermal
(en″do-thur´mәl) endothermic.

endothermic
(en″do-thur´mik) characterized or accompanied by the absorption of heat. pertaining to or characterized by endothermy. homeothermic.

endothermy
(en″do-thur´me) diathermy. thermal regulation by internal heat production. homeothermy.

endothoracic fascia
that beneath the serous lining of the thoracic cavity.

endothrix
(en´do-thriks) a dermatophyte whose growth and spore production are confined chiefly within the shaft of a hair.

endotoxemia
(en″do-tok-se´me-ә) the presence of endotoxins in the blood.

endotoxic
(en´do-tok″sik) pertaining to or possessing endotoxin.

endotoxic shock
endotoxin shock septic shock due to release of endotoxins by gram-negative bacteria.

endotoxin
(en´do-tok″sin) a heat-stable toxin associated with the outer membranes of certain gram-negative bacteria, such as species of Brucella, Neisseria, and Vibrio. Endotoxins are not secreted but are released only when the cells are disrupted; they are less potent and less specific than the exotoxins; and they do not f...

endotracheal
(en″do-tra´ke-әl) within the trachea.

endotracheal airway
an inflatable tube inserted into the mouth or nose and passed into the trachea to bypass a blocked upper airway and provide mechanical ventilation or a suction route, or to prevent aspiration of stomach contents.

endotracheal anesthesia
anesthesia produced by introduction of a gaseous mixture through a tube inserted into the trachea.

endotracheal tube
a catheter inserted in the trachea to maintain a patent airway. Numerous different tubes are available; those for adults are almost always “cuffed” to prevent air and aspiration leakage and allow for their use with a mechanical ventilator. Pediatric tubes are not cuffed, since in children the airway is narrower at t...

endovasculitis
(en″do-vas″ku-li´tis) endangiitis.

endrin
(en´drin) a highly toxic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide; it is a stereoisomer of dieldrin.

endurance
(en-doo´rens) the ability to sustain an activity over a period of time. endurance exercise any exercise that involves the use of several large groups of muscles and is thus dependent on the delivery of oxygen to the muscles by the cardiovascular system; used in both physical fitn...

Enduron
(en´du-ron) trademark for a preparation of methyclothiazide, a diuretic.

enema
(en´ә-mә) introduction of fluid into the rectum. a solution introduced into the rectum to promote evacuation of feces or as a means of administering nutrient substances, medicinal substances, or opaque material for radiologic examination of the lower intestinal tract; see also barium test. Unle...

energy
(en´әr-je) power that may be translated into motion, overcoming resistance or causing a physical change; the ability to do work. Energy is found in several different forms; it may be thermal (in the form of heat), electric (see electricity), mechanical, chemical, radiant, or kinetic. In doing work, the energy is changed...

enervation
(en″әr-va´shәn) lack of nervous energy. removal of a nerve or a section of a nerve.

enflagellation
(en-flaj″ә-la´shәn) the formation of flagella; called also flagellation.

ENG
electronystagmograph.

engagement
(en-gāj´mәnt) the entrance of the largest diameter of the fetal head into the smallest diameter of the maternal pelvis.

engastrius
(en-gas´tre-әs) a double fetus in which one fetus is contained within the abdomen of the other.

Engel-Recklinghausen disease
(eng´gәl rek´ling-hou″zәn) osteitis fibrosa cystica.

Engelmann disease
(eng´gәl-mahn) diaphyseal dysplasia.

engineering
(en″jĭ-nēr´ing) the application of scientific and mathematical principles to useful ends, such as in the development of mechanical devices, systems, or processes. biomedical engineering the field of study that uses engineering techniques to improve the health and wel...

English position
Sims position.

engorgement
(en-gorj´mәnt) distention of a body part or organ with blood or other fluids. hyperemia. breast engorgement swelling of the breast due to an increase in blood and lymph supply as a precursor to lactation.

engraftment
(әn-graft´mәnt) incorporation of grafted tissue into the body of the host.

engram
(en´gram) a lasting mark or trace. In psychology, it is the lasting trace left in the psyche by anything that has been experienced psychically; a latent memory picture.

enkephalin
(en-kef´ә-lin) either of two peptides consisting of four identical amino acids and either leucine or methionine; they are referred to as leu-enkephalin and met-enkephalin and function as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators at many locations in the brain and spinal cord and are involved with pain perception, movement, m...

enlargement
(en-lahrj´mәnt) an increase in size; see also hypertrophy. lumbar enlargement , lumbosacral enlargement the enlargement of the lumbar spinal cord at the level of attachment of the nerves of the lower limbs.

enol
(e´nol) an organic compound in which one carbon of a double-bonded pair is also attached to a hydroxyl group, thus a tautomer of the ketone form. The term is also used as a prefix or infix, often italicized.

enolase
(e´no-lās) an enzyme in glycolytic systems that changes phosphoglyceric acid into phosphopyruvic acid.

enophthalmos
(en″of-thal´mos) a backward displacement of the eyeball into the orbit.

enostosis
(en″os-to´sis) a bony growth within a bone cavity or on the internal surface of the bone cortex.

enoxacin
(ĕ-nok´sә-sin) an antibacterial effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; administered orally in the treatment of gonorrhea and urinary tract infections.

enoxaparin
(e-nok″sә-par´in) a low molecular weight heparin, used as the sodium salt to prevent pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis following hip or knee replacement or high-risk abdominal surgery; administered subcutaneously as the sodium salt. It is also used together with warfarin in the treatment of deep vein thr...

enoximone
(ә-nok´sĭ-mōn) a vasodilator similar to inamrinone; used as a cardiotonic in the short-term management of congestive heart failure, administered intravenously.

enrichment culture
one grown on a medium, usually liquid, that has been supplemented to encourage the growth of a given type of organism.

Enroth sign
abnormal fullness of the eyelids, a manifestation of Graves orbitopathy.

ensiform
(en´sĭ-form) xiphoid (def. 1).

ensiform process
xiphoid process.

ensomphalus
(әn-som´fә-lәs) a double fetus with blended bodies, two separate navels, and two umbilical cords.

ensulizole
(en-sul´ĭ-zōl) a water-soluble absorber of ultraviolet B radiation, used topically as a sunscreen.

ENT
ears, nose, and throat; see otorhinolaryngology.

entacapone
(en-tak´ә-pōn) an antidyskinetic agent used in conjunction with levodopa and carbidopa to enhance dopaminergic stimulation of the brain and the antiparkinsonian activity of levodopa in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson disease, administered orally.

entad
(en´tad) toward a center; inwardly.

ental
(en´tәl) inner; central.

entamebiasis
(en″tә-me-bi´ә-sis) amebiasis caused by Entamoeba species.

Entamoeba
(en″tә-me´bә) a genus of amebas parasitic in invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. E. co´li and E. gingiva´lis are nonpathogenic forms found in the human intestine and mouth. E. histoly´tica causes amebic dysentery and liver abscesses.

enteral
(en´tәr-әl) enteric.

enteral feeding pump
an infusion pump designed for administration of a solution through a feeding tube.

enterectomy
(en″tәr-ek´tә-me) excision of a portion of the intestine.

enteric
(en-ter´ik) pertaining to the small intestine; called also enteral.

enteric cyst
enterogenous cyst a cyst of the intestine arising or developing from some fold or pouch along the intestinal tract. Called also enterocyst and enterocystoma.

enteric fever
any of a group of febrile illnesses associated with intestinal symptoms and caused by species of Salmonella, especially typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.

enteric nervous system
the plexus entericus, sometimes considered separately from the autonomic nervous system because it has independent local reflex activity.

enteric orphan viruses
orphan viruses isolated from the intestinal tract of humans and other animals.

enteric viruses
a class of viruses that are normally acquired by ingestion and that replicate in the intestinal tract, causing local rather than generalized infection; they are found in a number of different genera. It includes the families Adenoviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, and Reoviridae.

enteric-coated
of tablets, having a special coating that prevents release and absorption of their contents until they reach the intestine.

enteritis
(en″tәr-I´tis) inflammation of the intestine, especially the small intestine, a general condition that can be produced by any of numerous different causes. Bacteria and certain viruses may infect the intestinal tract and produce symptoms of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Similar effects may ...

enteroanastomosis
(en″tәr-o-ә-nas″to-mo´sis) enteroenterostomy.

Enterobacter
(en″tәr-o-bak´tәr) a genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacteria. Organisms are widely distributed in nature and occur in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. They are frequently a cause of nosocomial infections.

Enterobacter
pneumonia a rare type of bacterial pneumonia, usually bronchopneumonia, caused by infection with species of Enterobacter; it is usually nosocomial and seen in debilitated patients.

Enterobacteriaceae
(en″tәr-o-bak-te″re-a´se-e) a family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, usually motile, made up of saprophytes and plant and animal parasites of worldwide distribution, found in soil, water, and plants and in animals from insects to humans. In humans, disease is produ...

enterobiasis
(en″ter-o-bi´ә-sis) infection with nematodes of the genus Enterobius, especially E. vermicularis (the pinworm). Symptoms are few and mild; adult pinworms migrate to the anal region, usually at night, and deposit eggs, which cause irritation of the skin around the anus, leading to painful scratching and restl...

Enterobius
(en″tәr-o´be-әs) a genus of roundworms. E. vermicula′ris is the seatworm or pinworm, a small white spindle-shaped worm about 1 cm long, parasitic in the upper part of the large intestine, and occasionally in the female genitals and bladder. Infection is frequent in children, sometimes causing itc...

enterocele
(en´tәr-o-sēl″) any intestinal hernia; see terms under hernia. posterior vaginal hernia.

enterocentesis
(en″tәr-o-sen-te´sis) surgical puncture of the intestine.

enterochromaffin cells
a group of enteroendocrine cells whose granules stain readily with silver and chromium salts, and which are sites of synthesis and storage of serotonin. Based upon their staining reactions with silver, they have been divided between those that reduce silver without pretreatment (argentaffin cells) and those that require prior e...

enteroclysis
(en″tәr-ok´lĭ-sis) the injection of liquids into the intestine. the introduction of barium into the small intestine through a nasogastric tube whose end is distal to the duodenojejunal junction, done for radiographic examination.