Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

ear lobe
the lower fleshy, noncartilaginous portion of the external ear.

ear pit
preauricular pit.

ear wick
(ēr´ wik″) a strip of gauze inserted into the external ear canal so that medicated drops applied to the outside pass along it and into the canal; used when the canal is obstructed by edema so that ear drops cannot be instilled.

earache
(ēr´āk) pain in the ear; called also otalgia and otodynia.

eardrum
(ēr´drәm) tympanic membrane.

early abortion
abortion within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

early childhood caries
severe dental caries that are promoted by the sugars, acids, and sometimes Streptococcus mutans in a bottle of milk or juice left in contact with a child's primary teeth; this can also occur from contact with breast milk left in a sleeping child's mouth. The condition is preventable; no child should be permitted to fall asleep ...

early pregnancy test
a do-it-yourself immunological pregnancy test, performed as early as 9 days after menstruation (missed period) was expected. Test materials consist of a mixture of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) antiserum and HCG-coated red blood cells in a glass test tube, a vial of water, and a medicine dropper.

earwax
(ēr´waks) cerumen.

eastern equine encephalomyelitis
a viral disease similar to western equine encephalomyelitis, but occurring in the eastern half of the United States and Canada, as well as in Mexico, the Caribbean, and parts of Central and South America.

eating
(ēt´ing) ingestion of a solid or semisolid food. binge eating uncontrolled ingestion of large quantities of food in a given amount of time, often with a sense of lack of control over the activity. It is sometimes followed by forcing oneself to vomit, or purging through use o...

eating disorder
any in a group of disorders in which abnormal feeding habits are associated with psychological factors. Characteristics may include a distorted attitude toward eating, handling and hoarding food in unusual ways, loss of body weight, nutritional deficiencies, dental erosion, electrolyte imbalances, and denial of extreme th...

Eaton agent
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Eaton agent pneumonia
mycoplasmal pneumonia.

Eaton-Lambert syndrome
(e´ton lam´bәrt) a myasthenia-like syndrome in which the weakness usually affects the limbs but ocular and bulbar muscles are spared; often associated with oat-cell carcinoma of the lung.

EB virus
Epstein-Barr virus.

EBAA
Eye Bank Association of America.

Ebner glands
serous glands at the back of the tongue near the taste buds.

Ebola disease
(eb´o-lә) Ebola virus disease an acute, often fatal, type of hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus, seen in Central Africa.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever
(eb´o-lә) Ebola virus disease.

Ebola virus
(eb´o-lә) an RNA virus found in Central Africa that causes an often fatal hemorrhagic fever called ebola virus disease.

Ebstein anomaly
Ebstein disease (eb´shtīn) a malformation of the tricuspid valve so that the septal and posterior leaflets are adherent to the wall of the right ventricle (the extent may be variable). This produces tricuspid insufficiency with the anterior leaflet generally being attached to the anulus fibrosus. The condit...

eburnation
(e″bәr-na´shәn) conversion of bone into a hard, ivory-like mass.

EBV
Epstein-Barr virus.

ecaudate
(e-kaw´dāt) tailless.

ecbolic
(ek-bol´ik) oxytocic.

eccentric
(ek-sen´trik) situated or occurring or proceeding away from a center.

eccentric atrophy
atrophy of a hollow organ in which the size of the cavity is increased.

eccentric contraction
lengthening contraction.

eccentric occlusion
occlusion of the teeth when the lower jaw has moved from the centric position.

eccentric position
eccentric relationeccentric jaw relation any relation of the mandible to the maxillae other than the centric relation; called also acentric relation.

eccentrochondroplasia
(ek-sen″tro-kon″dro-pla´zhә) Morquio syndrome.

ecchondroma
(ek″on-dro´mә) a hyperplastic growth of cartilaginous tissue on the surface of a cartilage or projecting under the periosteum of a bone. Called also ecchondrosis.

ecchondrosis
(ek″on-dro´sis) ecchondroma.

ecchymosis
(ek″ĭ-mo´sis) pl. ecchymo´ses a hemorrhagic spot in the skin or a mucous membrane, larger than a petechia, forming an irregular, blue or purplish patch. adj., ecchymot´ic., adj.

eccrine
(ek´rin) exocrine, with special reference to sweat glands.

eccrine adenoma
any of numerous benign adnexal tumors having differentiation towards eccrine gland tissue.

eccrine carcinoma
any of the adnexal carcinomas that originate in the eccrine sweat glands.

eccrine gland
eccrine sweat gland one of the ordinary or simple sweat glands, which are of the merocrine type. They are unbranched, coiled, tubular glands distributed over almost all of the body surface, and promote cooling by evaporation of their secretion.

eccrine papillary adenoma
digital papillary adenoma.

eccyesis
(ek″si-e´sis) ectopic pregnancy.

ECF
extracellular fluid; extended care facility.

ECF-A
eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis; a primary mediator of Type I anaphylactic hypersensitivity. It is an acidic peptide (molecular weight 500) released by mast cells, which attracts eosinophils to areas where it is present.

ECG
electrocardiogram.

ECG stress tests
stress tests.

ecgonine
(ek´go-nin) the final basic product obtained by hydrolysis of cocaine and several related alkaloids.

echinococcal cyst
echinococcus cyst hydatid cyst.

echinococcosis
(e-ki″no-kok-o´sis) hydatid disease.

Echinococcus
(e-ki″no-kok´әs) a genus of small tapeworms. Echinococcus granulosus a species parasitic in dogs, wolves, and sometimes cats; its larvae may develop in nearly all mammals; it reverses the usual process of development in human and animal hosts: the adult is found in th...

echinococcus
(e-ki″no-kok´әs) pl. echinococ´ci an individual organism of the genus Echinococcus.

echinococcus disease
hydatid disease.

echinocyte
(e-ki´no-sīt) burr cell.

echo
(ek´o) repetition of a sound as a result of reverberation of sound waves; also the reflection of ultrasonic, radio, or radar waves; the term is sometimes used to refer to repetition of movement.

echo beat
reciprocal beat.

echo planar imaging
a technique for obtaining a magnetic resonance image in less than 50 msec.

echo sign
echolalia.

echo-ranging
(ek″o-rānj´ing) in ultrasonography, determination of the position or depth of a body structure on the basis of the time interval between the moment an ultrasonic pulse is transmitted and the moment its echo is received.

echoacousia
(ek″o-ә-koo´zhә) the subjective experience of hearing echoes after normally heard sounds.

echocardiogram
(ek″o-kahr´de-o-gram″) the record produced by echocardiography.

echocardiography
(ek″o-kahr″de-og´rә-fe) recording of the position and motion of the heart walls or internal structures of the heart and neighboring tissue by the echo obtained from beams of ultrasonic waves directed through the chest wall. It uses ultrasound to delineate anatomical structures by recording on a graph t...

echogenic
(ek″o-jen´ik) in ultrasonography, giving rise to reflections (echoes) of ultrasonic waves.

echogenicity
(ek″o-jen-is´ĭ-te) in ultrasonography, the extent to which a structure gives rise to reflections of ultrasonic waves.

echographia
(ek″o-graf´e-ә) agraphia in which the patient can copy writing but cannot write to express ideas.

echography
(ә-kog´rә-fe) ultrasonography.

echokinesis
(ek″o-kĭ-ne´sis) echopraxia.

echolalia
(ek″o-la´le-ә) stereotyped repetition of another person's words or phrases, seen in some types of schizophrenia, particularly catatonic schizophrenia; in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; and in neurological disorders such as some kinds of aphasia.

echolucent
(ek″o-loo´sәnt) permitting the passage of ultrasonic waves without giving rise to echoes, the representative areas appearing black on the sonogram.

echopathy
(ĕ-kop´ә-the) stereotyped repetition of the words or actions of others; echolalia or echopraxia.

echophonocardiography
(ek″o-fo″no-kahr″de-og´rә-fe) the combined use of echocardiography and phonocardiography.

echopraxia
(ek″o-prak´se-ә) stereotyped imitation of the movements of another person; seen sometimes in catatonic schizophrenia and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; called also echokinesis.

echothiophate
(ek″o-thi″o-fāt) an anticholinesterase, used as the iodide salt for topical application to produce miosis, decrease intraocular pressure, and potentiate accommodation in treatment of open-angle glaucoma, closed-angle glaucoma after iridectomy, and certain secondary types of glaucoma, and in the management of ...

echovirus
(ek´o-vi″rәs) a species of viruses of the genus Enterovirus; the name was derived from the first letters of the description “enteric cytopathogenic human orphan.” At the time of the isolation of the viruses the diseases they caused were not known, hence the term “orphan,” but it is no...

Eck fistula
an artificial communication made between the portal vein and the vena cava.

eclampsia
(ә-klamp´se-ә) in pregnant women, the convulsive stage of preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome; the convulsions are not attributable to other cerebral conditions such as epilepsy. It is a potentially life-threatening disorder characterized by hypertension, generalized edema, and proteinuria. Preeclampsia is a les...

eclamptogenic
(ә-klamp″to-jen´ik) causing eclampsia.

ECMO
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

ecological system
see ecosystem.

ecologist
(e-kol´o-jist) a specialist in ecology.

ecology
(e-kol´ә-je) the science of the relationship between organisms and their environments; the study of the effect of environment on the life history of organisms. adj., ecolog´ic, ecolog´ical., adj.

econazole
(ә-kon´ә-zōl) an imidazole derivative used as the nitrate salt as a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, applied topically in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis and various forms of tinea.

Economo disease
(a-kon´o-mo) Economo encephalitis lethargic encephalitis.

ecosystem
(e´ko-sis″tәm) the fundamental unit in ecology, comprising the living organisms and the nonliving elements interacting in a certain defined area.

ecotaxis
(ek´o-tak″sis) the “homing” of recirculating lymphocytes to specific compartments of peripheral lymphoid tissues—B cells to B-dependent areas and T cells to T-dependent areas.

ecotropic
(e″ko-tro´pik) pertaining to a virus that infects and replicates in cells from only the original host species.

Ecstasy
(ek´stә-se) popular name for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a hallucinogenic drug of abuse. See drug abuse.

ECT
electroconvulsive therapy.

ectad
(ek´tәd) directed outward.

ectasia
(ek-ta´zhә) expansion, dilatation, or distention. adj., ectat´ic., adj. mammary duct ectasia a benign condition occurring in postmenopausal women, characterized by dilation of the ducts, inspissation of breast secretions, and periductal inflammation. Called also co...

ectental
(ek-ten´tәl) pertaining to the ectoderm and endoderm, and to their line of junction.

ectethmoid
(ek-teth´moid) ethmoidal labyrinth.

ecthyma
(ek-thi´mә) an ulcerative pyoderm usually caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection at the site of minor trauma, predominantly involving the shins and feet, and generally healing with variable scar formation. an ulcerative pyoderma usually caused by infection with group A β-hemoly...

ectoantigen
(ek″to-an´tĭ-jәn) an antigen that seems to be loosely attached to the outside of bacteria. an antigen formed in the ectoplasm (cell membrane) of a bacterium.

ectoblast
(ek´to-blast) the ectoderm.

ectocardia
(ek″to-kahr´de-ә) congenital displacement of the heart; exocardia.

ectocervix
(ek″to-sur´viks) the part of the uterine cervix whose visible surface is covered with squamous epithelium. adj., ectocer´vical., adj.

ectoderm
(ek´to-dәrm) the outermost of the three primary germ layers of the embryo; from it are derived the epidermis and epidermic tissues such as nails, hair, and glands of the skin; the nervous system; external sense organs such as the eye and ear; and the mucous membranes of the mouth and anus. adj., ectoder´mal,...

ectodermal dysplasia
any of a group of hereditary disorders involving absence or deficiency of tissues and structures derived from the embryonic ectoderm, such as teeth, hair, nails, and certain glands.

ectodermosis
(ek″to-dәr-mo´sis) a disorder based on congenital maldevelopment of organs derived from the ectoderm.

ectoentad
(ek″to-en´tad) from without inward.

ectoenzyme
(ek″to-en´zīm) an extracellular enzyme.