Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

diverticula
(di″vәr-tik´u-lә) plural of diverticulum.

diverticular
(di″vәr-tik´u-lәr) pertaining to or resembling a diverticulum.

diverticular disease
a general term including the prediverticular state, diverticulosis, and diverticulitis.

diverticular hernia
protrusion of a congenital diverticulum of the intestine.

diverticulectomy
(di″vәr-tik″u-lek´tә-me) surgical excision of a diverticulum.

diverticulitis
(di″vәr-tik″u-li´tis) inflammation of a diverticulum, especially one or more in the colon. Weakness of the muscles of the colon, sometimes produced by chronic constipation, leads to this condition. Inflammation may occur as a result of collections of bacteria or other irritating agents trapped in the d...

diverticulogram
(di″vәr-tik´u-lo-gram) a radiograph of a diverticulum.

diverticulosis
(di″vәr-tik″u-lo´sis) the presence of diverticula in the absence of inflammation. (See diverticulitis.)

diverticulum
(di″vәr-tik´u-lәm) pl. diverti´cula a circumscribed pouch or sac occurring normally or created by herniation of the lining mucous membrane through a defect in the muscular coat of a tubular organ.

divided dose
fractional dose.

diving goiter
a goiter that is movable, sometimes above and sometimes below the sternal notch.

diving reflex
a reflex involving cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations to conserve oxygen occurring in animals during diving into water; observed in reptiles, birds, and mammals, including humans.

division
(dĭ-vizh´әn) the act of separating into parts. cell division fission of a cell, the process by which cells reproduce. See meiosis and mitosis.

divulse
(dĭ-vuls´) to pull apart forcibly.

divulsion
(dĭ-vul´shәn) separation or pulling apart by force.

divulsor
(dĭ-vul´sәr) an instrument for dilating the urethra.

Dixon Mann sign
Mann sign.

dizygotic
(di″zi-got´ik) pertaining to or derived from two separate zygotes (fertilized ova); said of twins.

dizygotic twins
twins that develop from two separate oocytes fertilized at the same time; they may be quite different in physical appearance and even of opposite sexes.

dizygous
(di-zi´gәs) dizygotic.

dizziness
(diz´e-nis) a disturbed sense of relationship to space; a sensation of unsteadiness and a feeling of movement within the head. Vertigo is sometimes used erroneously as a synonym. See also dysequilibrium.

djenkol bean poisoning
poisoning by the djenkol bean; symptoms vary from lumbar pain, vomiting, and diarrhea to hematuria and proteinuria progressing to anuria and renal failure. Called also djenkolism.

dL
deciliter.

DL-
chemical prefix (small capitals D and L) used with the D- and L- convention to indicate a racemic mixture of enantiomers.

dl-
chemical prefix used with the d and l convention to indicate a racemic mixture of enantiomers; the prefix (±)- is used with the same meaning.

DLCO
diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.

DLE
discoid lupus erythematosus.

DLO
2 diffusing capacity of the lung for oxygen.

DM
diabetes mellitus; phenarsazine chloride (diphenylaminechlorarsine).

DMARD
disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.

DMD
Doctor of Dental Medicine.

DMF
decayed, missing, filled; see DMF rate.

DMF rate
an expression of the condition of the permanent teeth based on the number of teeth decayed, missing (or indicated for removal), and filled or bearing restorations. It is calculated by adding the number of carious permanent teeth requiring filling (D), carious ones requiring extraction (Mr), ones previously extracted because of ...

DMFO
eflornithine.

DMSO
dimethyl sulfoxide.

DMT
dimethyltryptamine.

DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid.

DNA virus
a virus whose genome consists of DNA.

DNAR
do not attempt resuscitation.

DNase
deoxyribonuclease.

DNase test
deoxyribonuclease test.

DNOC
dinitro-o-cresol.

DNR
do not resuscitate.

DO
Doctor of Osteopathy.

DOA
dead on arrival; dead on admission.

Dobrava virus
see Dobrava-Belgrade virus.

Dobrava-Belgrade virus
a virus of the genus Hantavirus, originally isolated as Dobrava virus in Slovenia and Belgrade virus in other Balkan countries, that causes severe epidemic hemorrhagic fever; the reservoir is the yellow-necked field mouse, Apodemus flavicollis.

Dobrin syndrome
(do´brin) TINU syndrome.

dobutamine
(do-bu´tә-mēn) a synthetic catecholamine administered parenterally as the hydrochloride salt for inotropic support in short-term treatment of adults with cardiac decompensation due to depressed contractility resulting either from organic heart disease or from cardiac surgical procedures.

Dobutrex
(do´bu-treks) trademark for a preparation of dobutamine hydrochloride, a synthetic catecholamine used as a cardiotonic.

docetaxel
(do″sә-tak´sәl) an antineoplastic agent used in chemotherapy, particularly to treat carcinoma of the breast and non–small cell lung carcinoma; administered by intravenous infusion.

docosahexaenoic acid
(do-ko″sә-hek″sә-e-no´ik) an omega-3, polyunsaturated fatty acid found almost exclusively in fish and marine animal oils.

docosanol
(do-ko´sә-nol) an antiviral agent effective against activity viruses with a lipid envelope, including herpes simplex virus; used topically in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis.

docusate
(dok´u-sāt) any of a group of anionic surfactants widely used as emulsifying, wetting, and dispersing agents. docusate calcium an ionic surfactant used as a stool softener. docusate potassium an anionic surfactant used as a stool softener; administered...

DOE
dyspnea on exertion.

dofetilide
(do-fet´ә-līd) an antiarrhythmic that prolongs the duration of the cardiac action potential and the effective refractory period without affecting conduction velocity; used in the treatment of atrial arrhythmias, administered orally.

dog tapeworm
Dipylidium caninum.

dol
(dōl) a unit of pain intensity.

dolasetron
(do-las´ĕ-tron) a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, used as the mesylate salt for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy or occurring after surgery; administered orally and intravenously.

dolichocephalic
(dol″ĭ-ko-sә-fal´ik) having a narrow, long head.

dolichofacial
(dol″ĭ-ko-fa´shәl) having a long face.

dolichomorphic
(dol″ĭ-ko-mor´fik) having a long, thin, asthenic body type.

dolichopellic
(dol″ĭ-ko-pel´ik) having a long pelvis from front to back, with a pelvic index of 95 or above.

dolichopellic pelvis
a long, oval pelvis with the anteroposterior diameter greater than the transverse diameter.

doll's eye phenomenon
(dolz i) doll's eye reflexdoll's eye sign the movement of the eyes as a unit in the opposite direction when the head is moved; it occurs in an individual with a depressed level of consciousness when cranial nerves three and six are intact. Called also oculocephalic reflex.

doll's head phenomenon
an abnormal extraocular muscle manifestation of many ophthalmologic syndromes and conditions: the eyes depress as the head is bent backward.

Dolman test
(for ocular dominance) the patient holds in both hands a card with a hole in it through which to look at a light.

Dolobid
(do´lo-bid) trademark for a preparation of diflunisal, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.

dolor
(do´lor) pl. dolo´res Latin word meaning pain; one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

dolorific
(do″lor-if´ik) producing pain.

dolorimeter
(do″lor-im´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring pain in dols; see also algesimeter.

dolorogenic
(do-lor″o-jen´ik) producing pain.

dolorogenic zone
a trigger zone that when stimulated causes pain or an attack of neuralgia.

domain
(do-mān´) an area or region that is defined or delimited in some way. one of the three broad divisions into which all living organisms may be classified: the Archaea, the Bacteria, and the Eucarya; the first two consist of the prokaryotes, whereas the last contains the eukaryotes. This system is an alternat...

dome cells
the large cells that compose the epitrichium of the fetus.

domestic abuse
abuse of a person by another person with whom the victim is living, has lived, or with whom a significant relationship exists. The abuse may be verbal, sexual, physical (such as battering), or psychological. Severe neglect of someone being cared for may be a form of abuse.

dominance
(dom´ĭ-nәns) the state of being dominant. in genetics, the phenotypic expression of a gene in both heterozygotes and homozygotes. incomplete dominance , partial dominance failure of one gene to be completely dominant, heterozygotes showing a pheno...

dominant
(dom´ĭ-nәnt) exerting a ruling or controlling influence. in genetics, capable of expression when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes; see dominant gene.

dominant allele
one that produces an effect (the phenotype) in the organism regardless of the state of the corresponding allele. See also heredity.

dominant gene
dominant allele.

dominant idea
one that controls or colors every action and thought.

dominant inheritance
that characterized by dominance.

dominant trait
an inherited trait that is phenotypically expressed even when when the mutant allele is present in the heterozygous state. See also recessive trait.

Donath-Landsteiner antibody
an antibody of the IgG class of immunoglobulins, directed against the P blood group antigen; it binds to red blood cells at low temperatures and induces complement-mediated breakdown of the red cells when they are warmed; it is also responsible for the breakdown of red blood cells in paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.

Donath-Landsteiner test
(do´nath land´sti-nәr) a test for paroxysmal hemoglobinuria based on the fact that the blood of patients with this disease contains isohemolysin and autohemolysin that unites with erythrocytes only at low temperatures (2° to 10° C), hemolysis occurring only after warming with the complement to 37° C.

donation
(do-na´shun) a gift. the act of giving. oocyte donation a method of assisted reproductive technology in which an oocyte from a fertile woman is aspirated for incubation in the uterus of a woman who has female factor infertility, such as after oophorectomy or premature menopa...

Donders glaucoma
(don´dәrz) advanced open-angle g.

donepezil
(do-nep´ә-zil) a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, used as the hydrochloride salt for treatment of mild to moderate symptoms of dementia of the Alzheimer type; administered orally.

dong quai
(doong kwa) (-kwi) the herb Angelica sinensis (Chinese angelica) or its root, used for gynecologic disorders.

Donnatal
(don´ә-tal) trademark for combination preparations of phenobarbital, hyoscyamine sulfate, atropine sulfate, and scopolamine hydrobromide, used for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcers.

Donné bodies
colostrum corpuscles.

Donohue syndrome
(don´ә-hu) leprechaunism.

donor
(do´nәr) a person or organism that supplies an organ or tissue to be used in another body, such as in transplantation. Usually this is either a cadaveric donor, a living related donor, or a living unrelated donor. a substance or compound that contributes part of itself to another substance (the acceptor).

Donovan body
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.

DOOR syndrome
a rare syndrome of congenital deafness, onycho-osteodystrophy, and mental retardation, existing in autosomal dominant and recessive forms.

dopa
(do´pә) a compound produced by oxidation of tyrosine by tyrosinase; it is the precursor of dopamine and an intermediate product in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and melanin. The naturally occurring form is L-dopa (see levodopa), and is used to treat Parkinson disease and other forms of parkinsonism.

dopa-responsive dystonia
an inherited, progressive dystonia whose main characteristic is difficulty in walking. It usually begins in childhood. It shows a great deal of variation during the day and improves during sleep. There may be signs of parkinsonism, and it responds dramatically to administration of L-dopa.

dopamine
(do´pә-mēn) a compound formed by the decarboxylation of dopa; it is the direct precursor in the synthesis of norepinephrine and is also a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is administered intravenously to correct hemodynamic imbalance in persons with shock because it increases blood pressure, espec...

dopaminergic
(do″pә-mēn-ur´jik) activated or transmitted by dopamine; pertaining to tissues or organs affected by dopamine.

dopant
(do´pәnt) an impurity purposely added, as to a laser crystal or a semiconductor, during manufacturing in order to create a desired characteristic.