Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

dichorionic
(di-kor″e-on´ik) having two distinct chorions; said of dizygotic twins.

dichorionic twins
twins having distinct chorions; this includes monozygotic twins separated within 72 hours of fertilization and all dizygotic twins.

dichroism
(di´kro-iz-әm) the quality or condition of showing one color in reflected and another in transmitted light. adj., dichro´ic., adj.

dichromacy
(di-kro´mә-se) dichromatic vision.

dichromate
(di-kro´māt) a salt containing the bivalent Cr2O7 radical.

dichromatic
(di″kro-mat´ik) dichromic. having dichromatic vision.

dichromatic vision
color vision deficiency in which one of the three cone pigments is missing. The most common forms are protanopia and deuteranopia, which are transmitted by X-linked inheritance. A third form, tritanopia, is very rare. A fourth form is also thought to exist, called tetartanopia. Called also dichromatism.

dichromatism
(di-kro´mә-tiz-әm) the quality of existing in or exhibiting two different colors. dichromatic vision.

dichromic
(di-kro´mik) having, or pertaining to, two colors.

Dick test
(for susceptibility to scarlet fever) purified erythrogenic toxin from group A streptococci is injected intradermally; appearance within 24 to 48 hours of a small area of reddening of the skin indicates susceptibility of the subject.

Dick toxin
erythrogenic toxin.

diclofenac
(di-klo´fen-ak) a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug used systemically as the potassium or sodium salt in treatment of rheumatic and nonrheumatic inflammatory conditions, and as the potassium salt to relieve pain and dysmenorrhea; the sodium salt may be applied topically to the conjunctiva to reduce ocular inflammation ...

dicloxacillin
(di-klok″sә-sil″in) a semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillin used as the sodium salt, primarily in the treatment of infections due to penicillinase-resistant staphylococci.

dicoelous
(di-se´lәs) hollowed on each of two sides. having two cavities.

Dicrocoelium
(dik″ro-se´le-әm) a genus of flukes. D. dendri´ticum is a liver fluke parasitic in domestic animals and occasionally humans.

dicrotic notch
a small downward deflection in the arterial pulse or pressure contour immediately following the closure of the semilunar valves, sometimes used as a marker for the end of systole or the ejection period.

dicrotic pulse
a pulse characterized by two peaks, the second peak occurring in diastole and being an exaggeration of the dicrotic wave; called also pulsus bisferiens.

dicrotic wave
the second portion of the tracing of a sphygmograph of the arterial pulse or arterial pressure after the dicrotic notch, attributed to the reflected impulse of closure of the aortic valves. Called also recoil wave

dicrotism
(di´krŏ-tiz-әm) the occurrence of two sphygmographic waves or elevations to one beat of the pulse. adj., dicrot´ic., adj.

dictyoma
(dik″te-o´mә) diktyoma.

dictyotene
(dik´te-o-tēn) the protracted stage resembling suspended prophase, in which the primary oocyte persists from late fetal life until discharged from the ovary at or after puberty.

dicumarol
(di-koo´mә-rol) a coumarinanticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K–dependent coagulation factors (prothrombin and factors VII, IX, and X) and protein C and protein S in the liver; used in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders.

dicyclomine
(di-si´klo-mēn) an anticholinergic and antimuscarinic with effects similar to those of atropine; the hydrochloride salt is used as a gastrointestinal antispasmodic.

didactylism
(di-dak´tәl-iz-әm) the presence of only two digits on a hand or foot.

didanosine
(di-dan´o-sēn) a nucleoside analogueantiretroviral agent used for the treatment of advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; administered orally.

didelphia
(di-del´fe-ә) uterus didelphys.

dideoxynucleoside
(di″de-ok″se-noo´kle-o-sīd″) any of a group of synthetic nucleoside analogues, several of which are used as antiretroviral agents.

didermoma
(di″dәr-mo´mә) a teratoma made up of cells and tissues derived from two cell layers.

DIDMOAD syndrome
[diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness] Wolfram syndrome.

Didronel
(di-dro´nәl) trademark for preparations of etidronate disodium, a bone calcium regulator.

didymitis
(did″ә-mi´tis) inflammation of a testis.

didymus
(did´ә-mәs) testis.

diecious
(di-e´shәs) sexually distinct; denoting species in which male and female genitals do not occur in the same individual. In botany, having staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants.

Dieffenbach operation
plastic closure of triangular defects by displacing a quadrangular flap toward one side of the triangle.

dieldrin
(di-el´drin) an effective, stable, but toxic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide; it is prohibited in many states in the United States but is still used in some other countries.

dielectric
(di″ә-lek´trik) transmitting electric effects by induction, but not by conduction. The term is applied to an insulating substance through or across which electric force is acting or may act, by induction without conduction. an insulating substance that transmits in this way, through or across w...

diembryony
(di-em´bre-on″e) the production of two embryos from a single zygote.

diencephalic syndrome
failure to thrive, emaciation, and sometimes nevus unius lateralis.

diencephalon
(di″әn-sef´ә-lon) the posterior part of the prosencephalon, consisting of the hypothalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, and epithalamus; the subthalamus is often considered to be a distinct division. See also brainstem. Click here to v...

dienestrol
(di″әn-es´trol) a synthetic estrogen used in treatment of atrophic vaginitis and kraurosis vulvae.

Dientamoeba
(di″ent-ә-me´bә) a genus of small highly active, usually nonpathogenic or mildly pathogenic ameboid protozoa parasitic in the large intestine of humans and certain monkeys. D. fragilis has been associated with human infection, which is manifested chiefly by diarrhea; abdominal pain; bloody, mucoid, or ...

dieresis
(di-er´ә-sis) the division or separation of parts normally united. the surgical separation of parts.

diet
(di´әt) the customary amount and kind of food and drink taken by a person from day to day. more narrowly, a regimen of food intake planned to meet specific requirements of the individual, including or excluding certain foods. See also nutrition. adj., di´etary, dietet´ic., adj.

diet therapy
treatment of disease by regulation of the diet; called also nutritional therapy.

dietary amenorrhea
a type seen with loss of weight from dietary restriction that is less extreme than the weight loss in anorexia nervosa and is not associated with significant psychological problems.

dietary fiber
the part of food that cannot be broken down by intestinal enzymes and juices and so passes through the small intestine and colon undigested. It is composed of cellulose, gums, pectin, and other carbohydrates indigestible by humans. Vegetables, cereals, and fruits are the main sources of dietary fiber. Its primary effects ...

dietetic
(di″ә-tet´ik) pertaining to diet or proper food.

dietetic proteinuria
digestive proteinuria functional proteinuria produced by the eating of certain foods.

dietetics
(di″ә-tet´iks) the science of diet and nutrition.

diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
(DTPA) (di-eth″әl-ēn-tri´ә-mēn pen″tә-ә-se´tik as´id) pentetic acid.

diethylpropion
(di-eth″il-pro´pe-on) a sympathomimetic amine used as an oral anorectic in the form of the hydrochloride salt.

diethylstilbestrol
(DES) (di-eth″әl-stil-bes´trol) a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used for palliative treatment of prostatic carcinoma and sometimes advanced breast carcinoma. It was formerly used to relieve vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, and in primary ovarian failure, female hypogonad...

diethyltryptamine
(DET) (di-eth″әl-trip´tә-mēn) a synthetic hallucinogen closely related to dimethyltryptamine.

dietitian
(di″ә-tish´әn) a person trained in promotion of good health through proper diet and with the therapeutic use of diet in the treatment of disease.

difenoxin
(di″fә-nok´sin) an agent used as the hydrochloride salt for its antiperistaltic action in treatment of diarrhea.

differential blood count
differential leukocyte count a leukocyte count that calculates the percentages of different cell types. See also total leukocyte count.

differential stain
one that aids differentiation of various elements in a specimen.

differentiate
(dif″әr-en´she-āt) to distinguish, on the basis of differences. to develop specialized form, character, or function differing from that of surrounding cytoplasm, cells, or tissue or from the original type.

differentiation
(dif″әr-en″she-a´shәn) the distinguishing of one thing from another. the act or process of acquiring completely individual characteristics, such as occurs in the progressive diversification of cells and tissues in the embryo. increase in morphological or chemical heter...

diffraction
(dĭ-frak´shәn) the bending or breaking up of a ray of light into its component parts.

diffusate
(dĭ-fu´zāt) material that has passed through a membrane. specifically, the solutes that pass out of the blood into the dialysate fluid in a dialyzer; sometimes also referred to as the dialysate.

diffuse
(dĭ-fūs´) not definitely limited or localized; widely distributed.

diffuse
(dĭ-fūz´) to pass through or to spread widely through a tissue or structure.

diffuse abscess
an uncircumscribed abscess whose pus is diffused in the surrounding tissues.

diffuse cerebral sclerosis
the infantile form of metachromatic leukodystrophy.

diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis
a rare chronic form of cutaneous leishmaniasis seen in East Africa and South and Central America. Lesions resemble nodules of leprosy or a keloid.

diffuse glomerulonephritis
a severe form of glomerulonephritis with proliferative changes in more than half the glomeruli, frequently with epithelial crescent formation and necrosis; it is often seen in cases of advanced systemic lupus erythematosus.

diffuse lymphoma
malignant lymphoma in which the neoplastic cells diffusely infiltrate the entire lymph node, without any definite organized pattern; see also follicular lymphoma. This is no longer a formal classification of lymphomas because it includes such a wide variety of types.

diffuse otitis externa
otitis externa involving a relatively wide area, without formation of a furuncle.

diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma
see palmoplantar keratoderma.

diffuse peritonitis
inflammation of the greater part of the peritoneum; called also general peritonitis.

diffuse scleroderma
systemic scleroderma.

diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis
a chronic diffuse inflammatory response of bone to low-grade infection, with infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrous replacement of bone marrow, and dense, hard masses of trabecular bone. One type is seen in the mandibles of older persons who have chronic periodontal disease.

diffuse waxy spleen
amyloid degeneration of the spleen involving especially the coats of the venous sinuses and the reticulum of the organ.

diffuse, large cell lymphoma
a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of large cleaved and noncleaved cells in a diffuse pattern of infiltration; it is similar to the diffuse mixed variety and has an intermediate grade of malignancy.

diffusible
(dĭ-fūz´ĭ-bәl) able to become widely spread.

diffusible stimulant
a stimulant that acts quickly and strongly, but transiently.

diffusing capacity
(dĭ-fuz´ing) the rate at which a gas diffuses across the alveolocapillary membrane per unit difference in the partial pressure of the gas across the membrane, expressed in mL/min/mm Hg. Because of their high affinity for hemoglobin, both oxygen and carbon monoxide are limited in their rate of diffusion by the...

diffusion
(dĭ-fu´zhәn) the state or process of being widely spread. the spontaneous mixing of the molecules or ions of two or more substances resulting from random thermal motion; its rate is proportional to the concentrations of the substances and it increases with the temperature. d...

diffusion chamber
an apparatus for separating a substance by means of a semipermeable membrane.

diffusion coefficient
see diffusion coefficient.

diflorasone
(di-flor´ә-sōn) a synthetic corticosteroid used topically as the diacetate salt in the treatment of inflammation and pruritus in certain dermatoses.

diflucortolone
(di-floo-kor´tә-lōn) a synthetic corticosteroid used as the valerate salt and applied topically in treatment of inflammation and pruritus of dermatoses.

diflunisal
(di-floo´nĭ-sәl) a salicylic acid derivative that, like aspirin, has analgesic and antiinflammatory properties, although no antipyretic effects, but has fewer side effects than aspirin, does not affect bleeding time or function, and has a long half-life that permits twice daily dosage. It is used in the treat...

digastric
(di-gas´trik) having two bellies. digastric muscle.

digastric fossa
a depression on the inner surface of the mandible, giving attachment to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

digastric muscle
origin,ANTERIOR BELLY—digastric fossa on lower border of mandible near symphysis, POSTERIOR BELLY—mastoid notch of temporal bone; insertion, intermediate tendon on hyoid bone; innervation,ANTERIOR BELLY—mylohyoid nerve, POSTERIOR BELLY—digastric branch of facial nerve; action, raises hyoid bone, lowers jaw.

digastric triangle
submandibular triangle.

digenetic
(di″jә-net´ik) having two stages of multiplication, one sexual in the mature forms, the other asexual in the larval stages.

DiGeorge syndrome
(dĭ-jorj´) a condition in which a child is born without a thymus gland, resulting in a complete absence of functional T cells; B cell function is normal.

digestant
(di-jes´tәnt) aiding or stimulating digestion. an agent that so acts.

digestion
(di-jes´chәn) the subjection of a substance to prolonged heat and moisture, so as to soften and disintegrate it. the process of converting food into chemical substances that can be absorbed into the blood and used by the body tissues; this is accomplished by physically breaking down, churning, diluti...

digestive
(di-jes´tiv) pertaining to digestion.

digestive fever
a slight rise of temperature during the process of digestion.

digestive system
the organs that have as their particular function the ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food or other nutritive things. They include the mouth, teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. The accessory organs of digestion, which contribute secretions important to digestion, include the salivary glands, pan...

digestive tract
alimentary canal.

Digibind
(dij´ĭ-bīnd″) trademark for a preparation of digoxin immune Fab (ovine), an antidote for digoxin or digitoxin overdose.

digit
(dij´it) a finger or toe. adj., dig´ital., adj.

digital image
a depiction recorded electronically to allow viewing or transmission on a computer.

digital papillary adenoma
a type of solitary, nodular adnexal adenoma on a hand or foot in an adult, thought to originate in eccrine glands; it may extend deeply and even impinge on bone and will recur unless thoroughly excised. These lesions often have malignant transformation. Called also aggressive digital papillary adenoma.