Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Dejerine-Sottas atrophy
progressive hypertrophic neuropathy.

Dejerine-Sottas disease
(dĕ-zhĕ-rēn´ sot´tahz) progressive hypertrophic interstitial neuropathy.

Dejerine-Thomas atrophy
(dĕ-zhĕ-rēn´ to-mahs´) Dejerine-Thomas syndrome olivopontocerebellar atrophy.

del Castillo syndrome
Sertoli-cell–only syndrome.

delavirdine
(del″ә-vir´dēn) an antiretroviral agent, that acts as a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; administered orally as the mesylate salt in treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

delay
(de-la´) a postponement to a later time. atrioventricular delay , AV delay atrioventricular interval (def. 2). constitutional growth delay a linear growth pattern, frequently familial, characterized by a decrease in growth velocity near the...

delayed allergy
an allergic response that appears hours or days after application or absorption of an allergen; types include contact dermatitis and bacterial allergy.

delayed graft
a skin graft that is sutured back into its bed and subsequently used after several days.

delayed reaction
a reaction, such as an allergic reaction, occurring hours to days after exposure to an inducer.

delayed reflex
a reflex which occurs some time after the stimulus provoking it has been received.

delayed-release
(de·layed-re·lease) (-lād´ re-lēs´) releasing a drug at a time later than that immediately following its administration.

Delbet sign
(del-ba´) in aneurysm of a limb's main artery, if nutrition of the part distal to the aneurysm is maintained despite absence of the pulse, collateral circulation is sufficient.

deleading therapy
the use of chelating agents in the mobilization and excretion from the body of a heavy metal such as lead or radium.

DeLee catheter
a catheter used to suction meconium and amniotic debris from the nasopharynx and oropharynx of neonates.

deleterious
(del·e·te·ri·ous) (del″ĕ-tēr´e-us) injurious; harmful.

deletion
(de·le·tion) (dĕ-le´shun) in genetics, loss of genetic material from a chromosome. Examples of large-scale chromosomal deletions: (A), terminal; (B), interstitial.

delinquent
(de·lin·quent) (de-lin´kwent) failing to do that which is required by law or obligation. a person who neglects a legal obligation. juvenile delinquent an individual who commits a violation of the law within the jurisdiction of the juve...

deliquescence
(del·i·ques·cence) (del″ĭ-kwes´ens) dampness or liquefaction from the absorption of water from air.deliques´cent, adj.

delirium
(de·lir·i·um) (dĕ-lēr´e-um) pl. deli´ria a mental disturbance of relatively short duration usually reflecting a toxic state, marked by illusions, hallucinations, delusions, excitement, restlessness, impaired memory, and incoherence. alcohol withdrawal delirium ...

delivery
(de-liv´әr-e) the bringing of something to a place. expulsion or extraction of the child and fetal membranes at birth; see also labor. Called also accouchement.

delle
(del´ә) the clear area in the center of a stained red blood cell when seen under a microscope.

dellen
(del´әn) saucer-shaped excavations at the periphery of the cornea, usually on the temporal side.

delomorphous
(del″o-mor´fәs) having definitely formed and well-defined limits, as a cell or tissue.

Delphian node
a lymph node encased in the fascia in the midline just above the thyroid isthmus, so called because it is exposed first at operation and, if diseased, is indicative of disease of the thyroid gland.

delta
(del´tә) the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet, Δ or δ; used in chemical names to denote the fourth of a series of isomeric compounds or the carbon atom fourth from the carboxyl group, or to denote the fourth of any series. a triangular area.

delta cell
a type of islet cell that secretes somatostatin. gonadotroph.

delta hepatitis
hepatitis D.

delta rhythm
a rhythm on the electroencephalogram consisting of delta waves, typical in deep sleep and certain other conditions. delta waves.

delta waves
brain waves having a frequency below 3 1/2 per second, typical in deep sleep, in infancy, and in serious brain disorders. an early QRS vector in the electrocardiogram in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Deltasone
(del´tә-sōn″) trademark for a preparation of prednisone, a glucocorticoid used as an antiinflammatory and immunosuppressant.

Deltavirus
(del´tә-vi″rәs) a genus of satellite viruses that require helperhepatitis B viruses for their replication. It contains a single species, hepatitis D virus.

deltoid
(del´toid) triangular. the deltoid muscle.

deltoid ligament of ankle
medial ligament.

deltoid muscle
origin, clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula; insertion, deltoid tuberosity of humerus; innervation, axillary nerve; action, abducts, flexes, extends arm. It is the muscular cap of the shoulder, and is often used as a site for an intramuscular injection.

delusion
(dә-loo´zhәn) a false belief that is firmly maintained in spite of incontrovertible and obvious proof to the contrary and in spite of the fact that other members of the culture do not share the belief. adj., delu´sional., adj.

delusion of control
the delusion that one's thoughts, feelings, and actions are not one's own but are being imposed by someone else or some other external force.

delusion of grandeur
delusional conviction of one's own importance, power, or knowledge, or that one is, or has a special relationship with, a deity or a famous person. It is one of the subtypes of delusional disorder.

delusion of jealousy
a delusional belief that one's spouse or lover is unfaithful, based on erroneous inferences drawn from innocent events imagined to be evidence and often resulting in confrontation with the accused. It is one of the subtypes of delusional disorder.

delusion of negation
a depressive delusion that the self, part of the self, part of the body, other persons, or the whole world has ceased to exist.

delusion of persecution
a delusion that one is being attacked, harassed, cheated, persecuted, or conspired against. It is one of the subtypes of delusional disorder.

delusion of reference
a delusional conviction that ordinary events, objects, or behaviors of others have particular and unusual meanings specifically for oneself.

delusional disorder
a mental disorder marked by well-systematized, logically consistent delusions with no other psychotic feature. There are six subtypes on the basis of the predominant delusional theme: persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic, grandiose, and mixed. See also individual subtypes under delusion.

demand
(de-mand´) activated only by the absence of an intrinsic cardiac event, used of an artificial pacemaker. See also demand pacemaker.

demand pacemaker
an artificial pacemaker that activates only when it receives sensations indicating a lack of adequate spontaneous rhythm by the heart. It thus avoids competition with the patient's own natural pacemaker.

Demansia
(de-man´se-ә) a genus of poisonous snakes, including the brown snake of Australia and New Guinea.

Demarquay sign
fixation or lowering of the larynx during phonation and deglutition; a sign of syphilis of the trachea.

demecarium
(dem″ә-kar´e-әm) an anticholinesterase agent used topically as the bromide salt to produce miosis, reduce intraocular pressure, and potentiate accommodation in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and of closed-angle glaucoma after iridectomy, and in the management of accommodative esotropia.

demeclocycline
(dem″ә-klo-si´klēn) a broad-spectrum tetracyclineantibiotic produced by a mutant strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens; administered orally as the hydrochloride salt.

demecolcine
(dem″e-kol´sēn) a cytotoxic alkaloid derived from Colchicum autumnale. It is used in chromosome analysis to arrest cell division in mid-metaphase so that the chromosomes can be stained by one of several techniques that produce a distinct pattern of light and dark bands along the chromosomes, and each chromoso...

dementia
(dә-men´shә) a general loss of mental abilities, including impairment of memory and often impairments in speech, coordination, ability to understand sensory stimuli, and other mental faculties. Many different conditions can cause dementia; some are reversible and some are progressive with widespread da...

dementia of the Alzheimer type
official name for Alzheimer disease.

dementia paralytica
(dә-men´shә par″ә-lit´ĭ-kә) general paresis.

dementia praecox
(dә-men´shә pre´koks) (obs.) schizophrenia.

dementia syndrome of depression
reversible dementia occurring in association with depression in the elderly, the cognitive deficits resolving with treatment of the depression.

Demerol
(dem´әr-ol) trademark for preparations of meperidine hydrochloride, an opioid analgesic.

Demianoff sign
with the patient in dorsal decubitus position, extreme pain when the attempt is made to lift an extended lower limb above ten degrees, a sign of a lesion in the erector spinae muscles of the lumbar region. Cf. Lasègue sign.

demigauntlet bandage
one that covers the hand, but leaves the fingers uncovered.

demilune
(dem´e-lldbomacn) crescent (def. 2).

demilune cells
Giannuzzi crescents.

demineralization
(de-min″әr-әl-ĭ-za´shәn) excessive elimination of mineral or organic salts from the tissues of the body.

demodectic
(dem-o-dek´tik) pertaining to or caused by Demodex.

Demodex
(dem´o-deks) a genus of mites parasitic within the hair follicles of the host, including the species D. folliculo´rum in humans, and several other species in domestic and other animals.

demography
(de-mog´rә-fe) the science dealing with populations, including matters of health, disease, births, and mortality.

demucosation
(de-mu″ko-sa´shәn) removal of the mucous membrane from a part.

demulcent
(de-mul´sәnt) soothing; bland. a soothing mucilaginous or oily medicine or application.

Demulen
(dem´u-lәn) trademark for preparations of ethynodiol diacetate with ethinyl estradiol; used as an oral contraceptive.

demyelinating disease
(de-mi´ә-lin-āt″ing) any condition characterized by destruction of myelin.

demyelination
(de-mi″ә-lĭn-a´shәn) destruction, removal, or loss of the myelin sheath of a nerve or nerves. Called also demyelinization and myelinolysis.

demyelinization
(de-mi″ә-lin-ĭ-za´shәn) demyelination.

denarcotize
(de-nahr´ko-tīz) to deprive of narcotics in the process of addiction treatment. to remove the narcotic element from an opiate.

denasality
(de″na-zal´ĭ-te) hyponasality.

denaturant
(de-na´chәr-әnt) a denaturing agent.

denaturation
(de-na″chәr-a´shәn) a change in the usual nature of a substance, as by the addition of methanol or acetone to alcohol to render it unfit for drinking, or the change in the physical properties of a substance, such as a protein or nucleic acid, caused by heat or certain chemicals that alter tertiar...

denatured alcohol
ethanol made unfit for human consumption by the addition of substances known as denaturants. Although it should never be taken internally, denatured alcohol is widely used on the skin as a disinfectant.

denatured protein
see protein denaturation.

dendriform
(den´drĭ-form) arborescent.

dendriform ulcer
dendritic ulcer a corneal ulcer that branches in various directions, usually caused by herpes simplex infection.

dendrite
(den´drīt) any of the threadlike extensions of the cytoplasm of a neuron; they typically branch into treelike processes, and compose most of the receptive surface of a neuron. Dendrites in a multipolar neuron.

dendritic
(den-drit´ik) branched like a tree. pertaining to or possessing dendrites.

dendritic cells
cells with long cytoplasmic processes in the lymph nodes and germinal centers of the spleen; such processes, which extend along lymphoid cells, retain antigen molecules for extended periods of time.

dendritic keratitis
herpetic keratitis resulting in a branching ulceration of the cornea.

dendritic tree
the branching arrangement of a dendrite.

Dendroaspis
(den″dro-as´pis) a genus of extremely poisonous African snakes, related to cobras but lacking an expandable hood. D. angus´ticeps is the green mamba and D. polyle´pis is the black mamba.

dendrodendritic
(den″dro-den-drit´ik) referring to a synapse between dendrites of two neurons.

dendrodendritic synapse
one from a dendrite of one cell to a dendrite of another.

dendrophagocytosis
(den″dro-fa″go-si-to´sis) the absorption of broken fragments of astrocytes by cells of the microglia.

denervated muscle atrophy
neuropathic atrophy.

denervation
(de″nәr-va´shәn) interruption of the nerve connection to an organ or part.

dengue
(deng´ge) (Sp. dān´ga) a painful viral disease seen in tropical and subtropical climates around the world, caused by a virus carried by Aedes mosquitoes. Symptoms include severe headache, back and joint pain, high fever, rash, facial flushing, and congestion of the eyeballs. There is often a first ...

dengue fever
dengue.

dengue hemorrhagic fever
hemorrhagic dengue.

dengue shock syndrome
see hemorrhagic dengue.

dengue virus
a flavivirus that has four antigenically related but distinct types (designated 1, 2, 3, and 4) and causes both the classic and hemorrhagic forms of dengue.

denial
(dә-ni´әl) in psychiatry, a defense mechanism in which the existence of unpleasant internal or external realities is denied and kept out of consciousness in an effort to keep them from causing anxiety.

denidation
(den″ĭ-da´shәn) the degeneration and expulsion, during menstruation, of certain epithelial elements, potentially the nidus of an embryo.

denileukin diftitox
(den″ĭ-loo´kin dif´tĭ-toks) a genetically engineered construct containing amino acid sequences that cause diphtheria toxin to become cytotoxic to cells of certain leukemias and lymphomas; administered intravenously as an antineoplastic in treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.

Denis Browne operation
(den´is broun´) Browne operation.

Denis Browne splint
a splint for the correction of clubfoot, consisting of two metal footplates connected by a crossbar.

Dennie-Marfan syndrome
(den´e mahr-fă´) spastic paralysis and mental retardation in association with congenital syphilis.

Denny-Brown sensory neuropathy
(den´e-broun) Denny-Brown syndrome hereditary sensory radicular neuropathy.