Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

cynophobia
(si″no-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of dogs.

cyotrophy
(si-ot´rә-fe) nutrition of the fetus.

cyproheptadine
(si″pro-hep´tә-dēn) an antihistamine with sedative, anticholinergic, and serotonin-blocking effects; used as the hydrochloride salt in the treatment of nasal, eye, and skin manifestations of allergic reactions, including allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and itching, and also used in the prevention of ...

Cyriax syndrome
(sĭ´re-ak-sә) a syndrome due to slipped rib cartilages pressing on the nerves at the interchondral joint, resulting in pain in the region of the cartilage, radiation of pain to the shoulder and arm, or pain similar to that of angina pectoris.

cyst
(sist) bladder. an abnormal closed epithelium-lined sac in the body that contains a liquid or semisolid substance. Most are harmless, but they should be removed when possible because they occasionally may change into malignant growths, become infected, or obstruct a gland. There are four main types o...

cystadenoma
(sis″tad-ә-no´mә) adenoma with epithelium-lined cystic masses that contain secreted material, seen most often in the ovary, salivary glands, skin adnexa, or pancreas. Called also adenocystoma. mucinous cystadenoma a multilocular, usually benign, tumor produced by o...

Cystagon
(sis´tә-gon) trademark for a preparation of cysteamine, used in treatment of nephropathic cystinosis.

cystalgia
(sis-tal´jә) cystodynia.

cystathionine
(sis″tә-thi´o-nēn) a thioester of homocysteine and serine; it serves as an intermediate in the transfer of a sulfur atom from methionine to cysteine.

cystathioninuria
(sis″tә-thi″o-ne-nu´re-ә) a hereditary disorder of cystathionine metabolism, marked by increased concentrations in the urine, and due to deficiency of γ-cystathionase; mental retardation may be associated.

cysteamine
(sis-te´ә-mēn″) a sulfhydryl amine that is part of coenzyme A; it reduces intracellular cystine levels and is used in treatment of nephropathic cystinosis; administered orally.

cystectasia
(sis″tek-ta´zhә) dilatation of the bladder.

cystectomy
(sis-tek´tә-me) excision of a cyst. excision or resection of the urinary bladder.

cysteine
(sis´te-ēn) a sulfur-containing nonessential amino acid produced by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of proteins; it is readily oxidized to cystine and is sometimes found in urine.

cysteine test
see specific tests, including nitroprusside test (def. 1) and Sullivan test.

cystencephalus
(sis″tәn-sef´ә-lәs) a malformed fetus with a membranous sac in place of a brain.

cystic
(sis´tik) pertaining to or containing cysts. pertaining to the urinary bladder or to the gallbladder.

cystic acne
acne with formation of cysts that contain a mixture of keratin and oil in variable amounts.

cystic artery
origin, right branch of hepatic artery proper; branches, none; distribution, gallbladder.

cystic basal cell carcinoma
a rare subtype of basal cell carcinoma that occurs as a cystic lesion formed by central degeneration, characterized histologically by edematous stroma rimmed by neoplastic cells.

cystic bronchiectasis
saccular bronchiectasis.

cystic degeneration
degeneration with formation of cysts.

cystic disease of breast
fibrocystic disease of breast.

cystic disease of lung
a condition in which there are abnormally large air spaces in the lung parenchyma; the term is sometimes applied to cystic emphysema. Called also pseudocysts of lung and pulmonary pseudocysts.

cystic duct
one of the bile ducts, leading from the neck of the gallbladder to the common bile duct.

cystic fibroma
one that has undergone cystic degeneration.

cystic fibrosis
a disorder associated with widespread dysfunction of the exocrine glands, with accumulation of excessively thick and tenacious mucus and abnormal secretion of sweat and saliva. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; both parents must be carriers. The cause is thought to be absence, insufficiency, or abnormality of som...

cystic kidney disease
cystic disease of kidney see acquired cystic kidney disease and polycystic kidney disease.

cystic medial necrosis
changes in the medial layer of the aorta, consisting of degeneration and necrosis of elastic and muscle fibers, mucoid infiltration, and cyst formation, often resulting in dissecting aneurysm; called also Erdheim disease and medionecrosis of aorta.

cystic myelopathy
syringomyelia.

cystic osteofibromatosis
Jaffe-Lichtenstein disease.

cystic plexus
a nerve plexus near the gallbladder.

cystic polyp
a polyp that has a coarse fibrous network, thus stimulating or producing cysts.

cystic renal dysplasia
renal dysplasia in which there are cysts.

cystic tumor
a tumor that contains cysts; it may be either benign or malignant. Called also cystoma.

cystic vein
a small vein that returns the blood from the gallbladder to the right branch of the portal vein, within the substance of the liver.

cysticercosis
(sis″tĭ-sәr-ko´sis) infection with cysticerci. In humans, infection with the larval forms (Cysticercus cellulosae) of Taenia solium.

cysticercus
(sis″tĭ-sur´kәs) pl. cysticer´ci a larval form of tapeworm.

cysticercus disease
cysticercosis.

cystiform
(sis´tĭ-form) resembling a cyst.

cystigerous
(sis-tij´әr-әs) containing cysts.

cystine
(sis´tēn) (sis´tin) a naturally occurring amino acid, the chief sulfur-containing component of the protein molecule. It is sometimes found in the urine and in the kidneys in the form of tiny crystals that can form cystine calculi in the bladder.

cystine disease
cystinosis.

cystine storage disease
Fanconi syndrome (def. 2).

cystine test
see Liebig test.

cystinemia
(sis´tĭ-ne´me-ә) the presence of cystine in the blood.

cystinosis
(sis″tĭ-no´sis) a hereditary inborn error of metabolism, appearing in various forms. The early onset or infantile form is seen in babies and is marked by osteomalacia, amino acids and phosphates in the urine, and deposition of cystine throughout the body, including in the liver, bone marrow, kidney, spleen, and cor...

cystinuria
(sis″tĭ-nu´re-ә) a hereditary aminoaciduria with persistent excessive urinary excretion of cystine, lysine, ornithine, and arginine, due to impairment of renal tubular reabsorption of these amino acids. The most common result is formation of cystine kidney stones .

cystistaxis
(sis″tĭ-stak´sis) oozing of blood from the mucous membrane into the bladder.

cystitis
(sis-ti´tis) inflammation of the urinary bladder; it may result from an ascending infection coming from the exterior of the body by way of the urethra, or from an infection descending from the kidney. A simple cystitis that does not involve the rest of the urinary tract is not as serious as the descending type in which the ki...

cystitis colli
(sis-ti´tis kol´i) inflammation of the bladder and bladder neck.

cystitomy
(sis-tit´ә-me) surgical division of the capsule of the crystalline lens.

cystocele
(sis´to-sēl) herniation of the urinary bladder into the vagina.

cystoduodenal ligament
an anomalous fold of peritoneum extending between the gallbladder and the duodenum.

cystodynia
(sis″to-din´e-ә) pain in the bladder; called also cystalgia.

cystogastrostomy
(sis″to-gas-tros´tә-me) internal drainage of an adjacent cyst into the stomach.

cystogram
(sis´to-gram) the film obtained by cystography. voiding cystogram a radiogram of the urinary tract made while the patient is urinating.

cystography
(sis-tog´rә-fe) radiography of the urinary bladder using a contrast medium, so that its outline can be seen clearly. This type of examination frequently is part of a complete x-ray study of the kidneys, urethra, and ureters as well as the bladder. (See also pyelography.) It is useful in diagnosing tumors or other ...

cystoid
(sis´toid) resembling a cyst. a cystlike, circumscribed collection of softened material, having no enclosing capsule.

cystojejunostomy
(sis″to-jә-joo-nos´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of a pancreatic cyst to the jejunum.

cystolith
(sis´to-lith) vesical calculus.

cystolithectomy
(sis″to-lĭ-thek´tә-me) cystolithotomy.

cystolithiasis
(sis″to-lĭ-thi´ә-sis) the presence of calculi (vesical calculi) in the urinary bladder.

cystolithic
(sis″to-lith´ik) pertaining to a vesical calculus.

cystolithotomy
(sis″to-lĭ-thot´ә-me) incision of the bladder for removal of a calculus; called also cystolithectomy.

cystoma
(sis-to´mә) cystoma.

cystometer
(sis-tom´ә-tәr) an instrument for studying the neuromuscular mechanism of the bladder by means of measurements of pressure and capacity.

cystometrography
(sis″to-mә-trog´rә-fe) the graphic recording of the pressure exerted at varying degrees of filling of the urinary bladder. filling cystometrography cystometrography that measures both detrusor muscle function and intra-abdominal pressure. voiding cystometr...

cystometry
(sis-tom´ә-tre) the study of bladder function, especially of the detrusor muscle; different techniques assess bladder sensation, capacity, compliance, or presence and magnitude of voluntary and involuntary detrusor contractions. simple cystometry filling of the bladder to capa...

cystomorphous
(sis″to-mor´fәs) resembling a cyst or bladder.

cystoparesis
(sis″to-pә-re´sis) paralysis of the urinary bladder; called also cystoplegia.

cystopexy
(sis´to-pek″se) fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall.

cystoplasty
(sis´to-plas″te) plastic surgery of the bladder, usually referring to some type of augmentation cystoplasty. augmentation cystoplasty enlargement of the bladder by grafting to it a detached segment of intestine (enterocystoplasty) or stomach (gastrocystoplasty). Called also bladder ...

cystoplegia
(sis″to-ple´jә) cystoparesis.

cystoprostatectomy
(sis″to-pros-tә-tek´tә-me) surgical removal of the urinary bladder and prostate.

cystoptosis
(sis″top-to´sis) (sis″to-to´sis) prolapse of part of the inner coat of the bladder into the urethra.

cystopyelitis
(sis″to-pi″ә-li´tis) pyelocystitis.

cystopyelonephritis
(sis″to-pi″ә-lo-nә-fri´tis) combined cystitis and pyelonephritis.

cystorrhaphy
(sis-tor´ә-fe) suture of the bladder.

cystorrhea
(sis″to-re´ә) mucous discharge from the bladder.

cystosarcoma
(sis″to-sahr-ko´mә) phyllodes tumor.

cystoscope
(sis´to-skōp″) a hollow metal endoscope especially designed for passing through the urethra into the bladder to permit visual inspection of the bladder interior. See also cystoscopy.

cystoscopy
(sis-tos´kә-pe) examination of the urinary bladder with a cystoscope passed through the urethra into the bladder. At the end of the cystoscope is an electric bulb that illuminates the bladder interior. By means of special lenses and mirrors the bladder mucosa is examined for inflammation, calculi, or tumors.

cystostomy
(sis-tos´tә-me) vesicostomy.

cystotomy
(sis-tot´ә-me) vesicotomy.

cystoureteritis
(sis″to-u-re″tәr-i´tis) inflammation involving the urinary bladder and ureters.

cystoureterography
(sis″to-u-re″tәr-og´rә-fe) radiography of the bladder and ureter.

cystourethrography
(sis″to-u″rә-throg´rә-fe) radiography of the urinary bladder and urethra. chain cystourethrography that in which a sterile beaded metal chain is introduced via a modified catheter into the bladder and urethra; used in evaluating anatomical relationships of...

cystourethroscope
(sis″to-u-re´thro-skōp″) an endoscope for examining the posterior urethra and bladder.

cystourethroscopy
(sis″to-u″re-thros´kә-pe) use of a cystourethroscope to evaluate lesions or foreign bodies in the bladder, urethral diverticula, fistulas, strictures, and other conditions. Called also urethrocystoscopy.

Cytadren
(si´tә-drәn) trademark for a preparation of aminoglutethimide, an antihormone used in treatment of Cushing syndrome and investigationally for advanced breast carcinoma.

cytapheresis
(sīt″ә-fә-re´sis) apheresis of blood cells; see erythrocytapheresis, leukapheresis, and thrombocytapheresis.

cytarabine
(si-tar´ә-bēn) an antimetaboliteantineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA polymerase and thus inhibits DNA synthesis during a specific phase of the cell cycle. Administered intravenously to treat acute myelogenous and other types of leukemia. It is also injected intrathecally to treat meningitis associated with ...

cytoanalyzer
(si″to-an´ә-li″zәr) an electronic optical apparatus for the detection of malignant cells in smears.

cytochalasin
(si″to-kal´ә-sin) any of a group of fungal metabolites that affect the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

cytochemistry
(si″to-kem´is-tre) the identification and localization of the different chemical compounds and their activities within the cell.

cytochrome
(si´to-krōm) any of a class of hemoproteins, widely distributed in animal and plant tissue, whose main function is electron transport; distinguished according to their non–amino acid components as a, b, c, d, etc.

cytochrome-c
oxidase (si´to-krōm ok´sĭ-dās) an enzyme complex of the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen as part of the process by which oxygen is used by the cell for fuel combustion.

cytodiagnosis
(si″to-di″ag-no´sis) diagnosis based on examination of cells in an exudate or other body fluid. adj., cytodiagnos´tic., adj.

cytodifferentiation
(si″to-dif″ә-ren″she-a´shәn) the development of specialized structures and functions in embryonic cells.