Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

CRPS
complex regional pain syndrome.

CRST syndrome
see CREST syndrome.

crucial
(kroo´shәl) severe and decisive.

crucial anastomosis
an arterial anastomosis in the upper part of the thigh, formed by the anastomotic branch of the sciatic artery, the internal circumflex artery, and the first perforating and transverse portions of the external circumflex artery.

cruciate
(kroo´she-āt) cruciform.

cruciate ligaments of knee
more or less cross-shaped ligaments, one anterior (ACL) and one posterior (PCL), which arise from the femur and pass through the intercondylar space to attach to the tibia.

cruciate muscle
a muscle in which the fiber bundles are arranged in the shape of an X.

crucible
(kroo´sĭ-bәl) a vessel for melting, burning, or dehydrating substances at high temperatures.

cruciform
(kroo´sĭ-form) shaped like a cross; called also cruciate.

crude fiber
the fiber that remains after food is digested with alkali and acid, which destroys all soluble and some insoluble fiber. It is mainly lignin and cellulose.

crude rate
one giving the total number of events occurring in an entire population over a period of time, without reference to any of the individuals or subgroups within the population. See also adjusted rate and specific rate.

cruor
(kroo´or) blood clot.

crura of diaphragm
two fibroelastic bands that arise from the lumbar vertebrae and insert into the central tendon of the diaphragm.

crura of fornix
two flattened bands of white matter that unite to form the body of the fornix of the cerebrum.

crural fascia
the investing fascia of the lower limb.

crural hernia
femoral hernia.

crural interosseous nerve
interosseous nerve of leg.

crural ligament
inguinal ligament.

crural paralysis
that which chiefly affects the thigh or thighs.

crural sheath
femoral sheath.

crurotomy
(kroo-rot´ә-me) the cutting of a crus of the stapes, usually the anterior one.

crus
(krus) pl. cru´ra Latin word meaning leg (def. 1). a leglike part.

crus cerebri
(krus´ ser´ә-bri) basis pedunculi cerebri.

crus of clitoris
the continuation of the corpus cavernosum of the clitoris, diverging posteriorly to be attached to the pubic arch.

crus of penis
the continuation of each corpus cavernosum of the penis, diverging posteriorly to be attached to the pubic arch.

crush syndrome
(krush) the edema, oliguria, and other symptoms of renal failure that follow crushing of a part, especially a large muscle mass, causing the release of myoglobin. See also rhabdomyolysis.

crust
(krust) a formed outer layer, especially an outer layer of solid matter formed by drying of a bodily exudate or secretion. milk crust cradle cap.

crusta
(krus´tah) pl. crus´tae Latin word meaning a crust. crusta lactea cradle cap.

Crustacea
(krәs-ta´she-ә) a class of arthropods including the lobsters, crabs, shrimps, wood lice, water fleas, and barnacles.

crutch
(kruch) an artificial support, usually made of wood or metal, used by those who need help to walk because of injury, disease, or birth defect. The most common kinds are the axillary crutch and the forearm crutch. (A) Axillary crutch; (B) triceps crutch.

crutch paralysis
brachial paralysis caused by pressure from a crutch.

Cruveilhier atrophy
Cruveilhier disease (kroo-vāl-ya´) Cruveilhier paralysis spinal muscular atrophy.

Cruveilhier-Baumgarten murmur
(kroo-vāl-ya´ boum´gahr-tәn) one heard at the abdominal wall over veins connecting the portal and caval systems.

Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome
(kroo-vāl-ya´ boum´gahr-tәn) cirrhosis with portal hypertension associated with congenital patency of the umbilical and paraumbilical veins.

cryalgesia
(kri″әl-je´ze-ә) pain on application of cold.

cryanesthesia
(kri-an″es-the´zhә) loss or lack of the ability to perceive cold.

cryesthesia
(kri″es-the´zhә) abnormal sensitiveness to cold.

cryoanalgesia
(kri″o-an″әl-je´ze-ә) the relief of pain by application of cold by cryoprobe to peripheral nerves.

cryoanesthesia
(kri″o-an″es-the´zhә) local anesthesia produced by applying a tourniquet and chilling the part to near freezing temperature; see also hypothermia. Called also refrigeration anesthesia.

cryobank
(kri´o-bank″) a facility for freezing and preserving semen at low temperatures (usually −196.5° C) for future use.

cryobiology
(kri″o-bi-ol´ә-je) the science dealing with the effect of low temperatures on biological systems.

cryocautery
(kri″o-kaw´tәr-e) cauterization by freezing, using a substance such as liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide snow, or a very cold instrument. Called also cold cautery.

cryodamage
(cri´o-dam″әj) damage to tissues, cells, or other biological substrates as a result of exposure to cold.

cryoextraction
(kri″o-ek-strak´shәn) application of extremely low temperature for the removal of a lens that has a cataract.

cryoextractor
(kri″o-ek-strak´tәr) a cryoprobe used in cryoextraction.

cryofibrinogen
(kri″o-fi-brin´o-jәn) an abnormal fibrinogen that precipitates at low temperatures and redissolves at 37° C.

cryofibrinogenemia
(kri″o-fi-brin″o-jә-ne´me-ә) the presence of cryofibrinogen in the blood.

Cryogel
(kri´o-jel) trademark name for a unit that can be used for therapeutic application of cold.

cryogenic
(kri″o-jen´ik) producing low temperatures.

cryogenic block
local cooling of tissue.

cryoglobulin
(kri″o-glob´u-lin) a serum globulin (invariably an immunoglobulin) that precipitates at low temperature (such as 4° C) and redissolves at 37° C. Cryoglobulins are classified as Type I, monoclonal immunoglobulins; Type II, immune complexes involving monoclonal immunoglobulins with antibody activity against polyclonal imm...

cryoglobulinemia
(kri″o-glob″u-lĭ-ne´me-ә) the presence of cryoglobulin in the blood, associated with a variety of clinical manifestations including the Raynaud phenomenon, vascular purpura, cold urticaria, necrosis of the limbs, coagulopathies (bleeding disorders), vasculitis, arthralgia, nervous system problems, enlar...

cryohypophysectomy
(kri″o-hi″po-fiz-ek´tә-me) destruction of the pituitary gland by the application of cold.

cryometer
(kri-om´ә-tәr) a thermometer for measuring very low temperature.

cryopexy
(kri´o-pek″se) a treatment for retinal detachment consisting of fixing of the retina to the choroid using localized freezing of the surface of the sclera.

cryophilic
(kri″o-fil´ik) preferring or growing best at low temperatures; psychrophilic.

cryophylactic
(kri″o-fә-lak´tik) resistant to very low temperatures; said of bacteria.

cryoprecipitate
(kri″o-pre-sip´ĭ-tāt) any precipitate that results from cooling, sometimes specifically the one rich in factor VIII obtained from cooling of blood plasma and used in treatment of hemophilia A (see antihemophilic factor, def. 2).

cryopreservation
(kri″o-prez″әr-va´shәn) maintenance of the viability of excised tissue or organs by storing at very low temperatures.

cryoprobe
(kri´o-prōb″) an instrument for applying extreme cold to tissue.

cryoprotection
(kri″o-pro-tek´shәn) protection, as of a tissue, cell, organism, or other substance, from cold-induced damage.

cryoprotective
(kri″o-pro-tek´tiv) capable of protecting against injury due to freezing, as glycerol protects frozen red blood cells.

cryoprotein
(kri″o-pro´tēn) a blood protein that precipitates on cooling.

cryoscopy
(kri-os´kә-pe) examination of fluids based on the principle that the freezing point of a solution varies according to the amount and nature of the solute. adj., cryoscop´ic., adj.

cryostat
(kri´o-stat″) a device by which temperature can be maintained at a very low level. in pathology and histology, a chamber containing a microtome for sectioning frozen tissue.

cryosurgery
(kri″o-sur´jәr-e) destruction of tissue by application of extreme cold; silver nitrate and solid carbon dioxide are commonly used. Uses include treatment of certain malignant lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, early removal of malignant lesions of the uterine cervix, and treatment of tumors that canno...

cryothalamectomy
(kri″o-thal″ә-mek´tә-me) cryothalamotomy.

cryothalamotomy
(kri″o-thal″ә-mot´ә-me) destruction of a portion of the thalamus by application of extreme cold.

cryotherapy
(kri″o-ther´ә-pe) the therapeutic use of cold; see also hypothermia.

cryotolerant
(kri″o-tol´әr-әnt) able to withstand very low temperatures.

crypt
(kript) a blind pit or tube on a free surface. anal crypts furrows, with pouchlike recesses at the lower end, separating the rectal columns; called also anal sinuses. crypts of Lieberkühn intestinal glands on the surface of the intestinal mucous membrane. ...

cryptectomy
(krip-tek´tә-me) excision or obliteration of a crypt.

cryptesthesia
(krip″tes-the´zhә) subconscious perception of occurrences not ordinarily perceptible to the senses.

cryptitis
(krip-ti´tis) inflammation of a crypt. anal cryptitis inflammation of the mucous membrane of the anal crypts.

cryptocephalus
(krip″to-sef´ә-lәs) a developmental anomaly in which the head is inconspicuous. a malformed fetus with this deformity.

cryptococcosis
(krip″to-kŏ-ko´sis) infection by Cryptococcus neoformans, which has a predilection for the brain and meninges but also invades the skin, lungs, and other parts. It is the most frequent fungal infection of the central nervous system, and the incidence is much higher in immunocompromised persons. Presenting sym...

Cryptococcus
(krip″to-kok´әs) a genus of yeastlike fungi. C. neofor´mans is a species of worldwide distribution that causes cryptococcosis in humans.

cryptodeterminant
(krip″to-de-tur´mĭ-nәnt) hidden determinant.

cryptodidymus
(krip″to-did´ә-mәs) a developmental anomaly in which one fetus is enclosed within the body of the other.

cryptogenic
(krip″to-jen´ik) of obscure or doubtful origin.

cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia.

cryptolith
(krip´to-lith) a concretion or stone in a pit or blind tube of the body.

cryptomenorrhea
(krip″to-men″o-re´ә) the occurrence of menstrual symptoms without external bleeding, as in imperforate hymen.

cryptomerorachischisis
(krip″to-me″ro-rә-kis´kĭ-sis) spina bifida occulta.

cryptomnesia
(krip″tom-ne´zhә) the recall of memories not recognized as such but thought to be original creations. adj., cryptomne´sic., adj.

cryptophthalmia
(krip″tof-thal´me-ә) cryptophthalmos (krip″tof-thal´mos) cryptophthalmus (krip″tof-thal´mәs) congenital absence of the palpebral fissure, the skin extending from the forehead to the cheek, with the eyeball malformed or rudimentary. Called also cryptophthalmia...

cryptophthalmos syndrome
an autosomal recessive abnormality, characterized by absence of the palpebral apertures, disorganization of one or both ocular globes, malformed ears, cleft palate, laryngeal stenosis, syndactyly, meningoencephalocele, imperforate anus, cardiac defects, and maldeveloped kidneys. Called also Fraser syndrome.

cryptopodia
(krip″to-po´de-ә) swelling of the lower leg and foot, covering all but the sole of the foot.

cryptorchid
(krip-tor´kid) having undescended testes. a male with undescended testes; see also cryptorchidism.

cryptorchid testis
undescended testis.

cryptorchidectomy
(krip″tor-kĭ-dek´tә-me) excision of an undescended testis.

cryptorchidism
(krip-tor´kĭ-diz″әm) failure of one or both of the testes to descend into the scrotum; descent should happen in the male fetus in the uterus during the late part of pregnancy. In its descent, a testis may sometimes be halted in the abdomen or within the canal, becoming an undescended testis. An improper...

cryptosporidiosis
(krip″to-spo-rid″e-o´sis) infection with protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium, which may be associated with or contribute to enteric disease in calves, lambs, foals, and piglets. Human infection occurs both in immunocompetent persons, in whom it causes a self-limited diarrhea syndrome, and in immunocompromi...

Cryptosporidium
(krip″to-spo-rid´e-әm) a genus of minute coccidian protozoa; they are parasitic in the intestinal tracts of many different vertebrates, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. See also cryptosporidiosis.

crystal
(kris´tәl) a homogeneous angular solid of definite form, with systematically arranged elemental units. adj., crys´talline., adj.

crystal-induced arthritis
that due to the deposition of inorganic crystalline material within the joints; see gout and see calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, under disease.

crystallin
(kris-tal´in) a globulin in the crystalline lens of the eye.

crystalline
(kris´tә-lēn) pertaining to crystals. resembling a crystal in nature or clearness.

crystalline lens
lens (def. 2).

crystallography
(kris″tәl-og´rә-fe) the science dealing with the study of crystals. x-ray crystallography the determination of the three-dimensional structure of molecules by means of diffraction patterns produced by x-rays of crystals of the molecules.