Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

concealed hernia
hernia not perceptible on palpation.

concealed penis
a small penis concealed beneath a fat pad or the skin of the scrotum, abdomen, or thigh; called also buried penis.

concealed reflex
one elicited by a stimulus but concealed by a more dominant reflex elicited by the same stimulus.

conceive
(kәn-sēv´) to become pregnant. take in, grasp, or form in the mind.

concentrate
(kon´sәn-trāt) to bring to a common center; to gather at one point. to increase the strength by diminishing the bulk of, as of a liquid; to condense. a drug or other preparation that has been strengthened by evaporation of its nonactive parts. activated prothrombin c...

concentration
(kon″sәn-tra´shәn) increase in strength by evaporation. the ratio of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent. intense mental focus.

concentration test
a test of kidney function based on the patient's ability to concentrate urine. See also Fishberg concentration test.

concentric atrophy
atrophy of a hollow organ in which its cavity is contracted.

concentric contraction
shortening contraction.

concentric lamella
haversian lamella.

concentric sclerosis
Baló disease.

conception
(kәn-sep´shәn) an imprecise term denoting the formation of a viable zygote.

conceptus
(kәn-sep´tәs) the whole product of conception at any stage of development, from fertilization of the oocyte to birth, including extraembryonic membranes as well as the embryo or fetus.

concha
(kong´kә) pl. con´chae Latin word meaning a shell-shaped structure.

concha of auricle
the hollow of the auricle of the external ear, bounded anteriorly by the tragus and posteriorly by the antihelix.

conchitis
(kong-ki´tis) inflammation of a nasal concha.

conchoid bodies
Schaumann bodies.

conchotomy
(kong-kot´ә-me) turbinotomy.

conclination
(kon″klĭ-na´shәn) inward rotation of the upper pole of the vertical meridian of each eye.

concordance
(kәn-kor´dәns) in genetics, the occurrence of a given trait in both members of a twin pair. adj., concor´dant, adj. .

concrescence
(kәn-kres´әns) a growing together of parts originally separate, such as of the roots of teeth. in embryology, the flowing together and piling up of cells.

concrete operations
a stage in reasoning or functioning usually seen in children between the ages of approximately 7 and 11, following the stage of preoperational thinking and preceding that of formal operations; it is characterized by comprehension of relational terms, decrease in egocentricity and increase in the ability to appreciate the ...

concretio
(kәn-kre´she-o) Latin word meaning concretion. concretio cordis adhesive pericarditis in which the pericardial cavity is obliterated, often with calcification of the pericardium.

concretion
(kәn-kre´shәn) a calculus or hard inorganic mass in a natural cavity or in tissue. abnormal union of adjacent parts. the process of becoming harder or more solid.

concurrent
(kon-kur´әnt) happening at the same time; simultaneous.

concussion
(kәn-kush´әn) a violent jar or shock, or the condition that results from such an injury. concussion of the brain a traumatic brain injury following a blow to the head with alteration of consciousness, whether brief or prolonged; this may be followed by an episode of amnesia, v...

concussion syndrome
postconcussional syndrome.

condensation
(kon″dәn-sa´shәn) conversion from the gaseous state to the liquid state (liquefaction) or solid state (solidification). compression (def. 1). the packing of dental filling material into a prepared tooth cavity. a mental process in which one symbol stands for a number...

condensed milk
milk that has been partly evaporated and sweetened with sugar.

condenser
(kәn-den´sәr) a vessel or apparatus for condensing gases or vapors. a device for illuminating microscopic objects. capacitor. a dental tool used to pack filling material in a cavity.

condensing osteitis
osteitis with hard deposits of earthy salts in affected bone.

condition
(kәn-dish´әn) to train; to subject to conditioning. the state in which an object or person exists.

conditioned reflex
conditioned response (kun-dish´und) a reflex or response that does not occur naturally in the animal but that may be developed by regular association of some physiologic function with an unrelated outside event, such as ringing of a bell or flashing of a light. Soon the physiological function starts whenev...

conditioned stimulus
a stimulus that acquires the ability to evoke a given response by repeatedly being linked with another stimulus that naturally evokes that response; see also conditioning.

conditioning
(kәn-dish´әn-ing) in physical medicine, improvement of physical health by a program of exercises; called also physical conditioning. in psychology, a form of learning in which a response is elicited by a neutral stimulus that previously had been repeatedly presented in conjunction with the stimulus t...

conditioning therapy
behavior therapy.

condom
(kon´dәm) a sheath or cover worn over the penis during sexual intercourse for contraception and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. female condom a long polyurethane sheath that is inserted into the vagina as a contraceptive; it has a flexible ring that fits over the cervix...

condom catheter
an external urinary collection device that fits over the penis like a condom; used in the management of urinary incontinence.

conduct
(kon´dukt) behavior.

conduct disorder
a type of disruptive behavior disorder of childhood and adolescence characterized by a persistent pattern of conduct in which rights of others or age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, with misconduct including aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious vio...

conductance
(kәn-duk´tәns) ability to conduct or transmit, as electricity or other energy or material. airway conductance in studies of respiration, an expression of the amount of air reaching the alveoli per unit of time per unit of pressure, the reciprocal of airway resistance.

conducting airway
the lower and upper airways together, from the nares to the terminal bronchioles.

conducting arteries
arterial trunks characterized by large size and elasticity, such as the aorta, subclavian and common carotid arteries, and brachiocephalic and pulmonary trunks.

conducting system of heart
conduction system of heartconductive system of heart the system of atypical cardiac muscle fibers, comprising the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, internodal tracts, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branch, and terminal ramifications into the Purkinje network.

conduction
(kәn-duk´shәn) conveyance of energy, as of heat, sound, or electricity.

conduction aphasia
aphasia due to a lesion of the pathway between the sensory and motor speech centers.

conduction block
a blockage in a nerve that prevents impulses from being conducted across a given segment although the nerve is viable beyond that segment. Cf. neurapraxia.

conduction hearing loss
conductive hearing loss that caused by impaired transmission of sound waves through the external ear canal to the bones of the middle ear, usually because of a blockage of the external ear or dysfunction of the middle ear. Common causes include obstruction of the ear canal by earwax or a foreign object; perforation of the ...

conductivity
(kon″dәk-tiv´ĭ-te) capacity for conduction.

conductor
(kәn-duk´tәr) any material capable of conduction. electrical conductor a substance that can conduct electricity because it has mobile electrons.

conduit
(kon´doo-it) channel.

condylar canal
an occasional opening in the condylar fossa for transmission of the transverse sinus; called also posterior condyloid foramen.

condylar emissary vein
a small vein running through the condylar canal of the skull, connecting the sigmoid sinus with the vertebral or the internal jugular vein.

condylar fossa
condyloid fossa either of two pits on the lateral portion of the occipital bone.

condylar fracture
fracture of the humerus in which a small fragment including the condyle is separated from the inner or outer aspect of the bone.

condylar hinge position
the position of the condyles in the glenoid fossa at which hinge axis movement is possible.

condylar joint
condyloid joint a synovial joint in which an oval head of one bone moves in a round cavity of another, allowing all movements except axial rotation; this type is found at the wrist, connecting the radius and carpal bones, and at the base of the index finger.

condylarthrosis
(kon″dәl-ahr-thro´sis) a modification of the spheroidal form of synovial joint, in which the articular surfaces are ellipsoidal rather than spheroid.

condyle
(kon´dīl) a rounded projection on a bone, usually for articulation with another bone.

condylectomy
(kon″dәl-ek´tә-me) excision of a condyle.

condylion
(kon-dil´e-әn) the most lateral point on the surface of the head of the mandible.

condyloid
(kon´dә-loid) resembling a condyle.

condyloma
(kon″dә-lo´mә) pl. condylo´mata an elevated wartlike lesion of the skin. adj., condylo´matous., adj. condyloma acuminatumpl. condylomata acuminata a sexually transmitted lesion caused by the human papillomavirus. There are few growths, but they may join together ...

condylotomy
(kon″dә-lot´ә-me) transection of a condyle.

condylus
(kon´dә-lәs) pl. con´dyli Latin word meaning condyle.

cone
(kōn) a solid figure or body having a circular base and tapering to a point. retinal cone. in radiology, a conical or open-ended cylindrical structure formerly used as an aid in centering the radiation beam and as a guide to source-to-film distance. Cones were commonly attached to the x-...

cone biopsy
one in which an inverted cone of tissue is excised, as from the uterine cervix.

cone cell
retinal cone.

cone granules
the nuclei of the visual cells in the outer nuclear layer of the retina that are connected with the cones.

cone of light
the triangular reflection of light seen on the tympanic membrane.

conexus
(kә-nek´sәs) pl. conex´us Latin word meaning connecting structure; also spelled connexus.

confabulation
(kon″fab-u-la´shәn) unconscious filling in of gaps in memory with fabricated facts and experiences, commonly associated with organic pathology. It differs from lying in that the patient has no intention to deceive and believes the fabricated memories to be real.

confidence coefficient
the probability that a confidence interval will contain the true value of the population parameter. For example, if the confidence coefficient is 0.95, 95 per cent of the confidence intervals so calculated for a large number of random samples would contain the parameter.

confidence interval
an estimated statistical interval for a parameter, giving a range of values that may contain the parameter and the degree of confidence that it is in fact there.

confidence level
the probability that a confidence interval does not contain the population parameter.

configuration
(kәn-fig″u-ra´shәn) the general form, shape, or appearance of an object. in chemistry, the arrangement in space of the atoms of a molecule.

confluence
(kon´floo-әns) a running together; a meeting of streams. confluence of sinuses the dilated point of confluence of the superior sagittal, straight, occipital, and two transverse sinuses of the dura mater.

conformational diseases
a general term for a number of disorders, such as Alzheimer disease and Pick disease, caused by mutation in the structure of specific proteins, leading to the aggregation and deposition of abnormal proteins.

confounding
(kon-foun´ding) interference by a third variable so as to distort the association being studied between two other variables, because of a strong relationship with both of the other variables; a relationship between two causal factors such that their individual contributions can not be separated.

confrontation
(kon″frәn-ta´shәn) the act of facing or being made to face one's own attitudes and shortcomings, the way one is perceived, and the consequences of one's behavior, or of causing another to face these things. It is a therapeutic technique which demonstrates where change must begin, but which also h...

confusion
(kәn-fu´zhәn) disturbed orientation in regard to time, place, or person, sometimes accompanied by disordered consciousness.

congener
(kon´jә-nәr) something closely related to another thing, or derived from the same source or stock, such as a member of the same genus, a muscle having the same function as another, or a chemical compound closely related to another in composition and exerting similar or antagonistic effects. adj., conge...

congenerous muscles
muscles having a common action or function.

congenital
(kәn-jen´ĭ-tәl) existing at, and usually before, birth; referring to conditions that are present at birth, regardless of their causation. Cf. hereditary.

congenital alopecia
congenital absence of the scalp hair, which may occur alone or be part of a more widespread disorder.

congenital amputation
absence of a limb at birth, attributed to constriction of the part by an encircling band during intrauterine development.

congenital anemia of newborn
erythroblastosis fetalis.

congenital aregenerative anemia
congenital hypoplastic anemia (def. 1).

congenital atelectasis
that present at birth (primary atelectasis) or immediately after (secondary atelectasis).

congenital cataract
any of various usually bilateral opacities present at birth; they may be mild or severe and may or may not impair vision, depending upon their size, location, and density. Some have a hereditary, usually autosomal dominant cause; others result from intrauterine infection, drug-induced toxicity, ionizing radiation, trauma,...

congenital complete heart block
third degree atrioventricular block that presents in the fetal or neonatal period and is caused by defective development of the atrioventricular junctional tissue; it may be associated with other cardiac anomalies.

congenital diaphragmatic hernia
congenital protrusion of abdominal viscera into the thorax through an opening in the diaphragm resulting from defective development of the pleuroperitoneal membrane; it often leads to fatal pulmonary hypoplasia. The most common types are Bochdalek hernia and Morgagni hernia.

congenital dislocation of the hip
a former name for developmental dysplasia of the hip.

congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
any of several rare hereditary anemias, mostly types of macrocytic anemia, characterized by nuclear anomalies of the erythrocytes, such as multinuclearity, karyorrhexis, or macrocytosis. The most common type (called also HEMPAS) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by multinuclear erythrocytes and a positive ...

congenital erythropoietic porphyria
(CEP) a form of erythropoietic porphyria, with cutaneous photosensitivity leading to mutilating lesions, hemolytic anemia, enlarged spleen, excessive urinary excretion of uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin, discolored teeth, and excessive hair growth. Called also Günther disease.

congenital fracture
intrauterine fracture.

congenital glaucoma
a type seen in children, appearing anytime from birth until age three, caused by defective development of the structures in and around the anterior chamber of the eye, which results in impairment of the aqueous humor. The child has characteristically enlarged eyes and hazy corneas.

congenital heart defect
a structural defect of the heart or great vessels or both that is present at birth, resulting from improper development of the heart and blood vessels during the prenatal period. The most common types are tetralogy of fallot, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, transposition of great vesse...

congenital hemolytic anemia
hemolytic anemia that is present from birth and in which the lifespan of red blood cells is diminished, such as occurs in hereditary spherocytosis. hereditary spherocytosis.

congenital hepatic fibrosis
a developmental disorder of the liver, marked by formation of irregular broad bands of fibrous tissue containing multiple cysts formed by disordered terminal bile ducts, resulting in vascular constriction and portal hypertension.