Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

coronary cataract
a white punctate or flakelike opacity around the periphery of the lens, forming a ring or crown. Coronary cataracts are transmitted by dominant inheritance and may be present in 25 per cent of the general population. blue cataract.

coronary circulation
that within the coronary vessels, supplying the muscle of the heart.

coronary heart disease
(CHD) ischemic heart disease.

coronary insufficiency
decreased supply of blood to the myocardium resulting from constriction or obstruction of the coronary arteries, but not accompanied by necrosis of the myocardial cells. Called also myocardial ischemia.

coronary occlusion
coronary artery occlusion the blockage of a coronary artery, usually caused by a narrowing of the lumen of the blood vessels by plaques of atherosclerosis. Sometimes a plaque may rupture and release vasoactive or thrombogenic substances that lead to clot formation. If there is good collateral circulation to the heart muscle at t...

coronary ostium
either of the two openings in the aortic sinuses that mark the origins of the left and right coronary arteries.

coronary reflex
the reflex that controls the caliber of the coronary blood vessels.

coronary sinus
the dilated terminal portion of the great cardiac vein, receiving blood from other veins draining the heart muscle and emptying into the right atrium.

coronary valve
a valve at the entrance of the coronary sinus into the right atrium.

Coronaviridae
(kә-ro″nә-vir´ĭ-de) a family of RNA viruses; human disease is caused by the genus Coronavirus.

Coronavirus
(kә-ro´nә-vi″rus) the coronaviruses; a genus of RNA viruses of the family Coronaviridae that cause respiratory disease and sometimes gastroenteritis in humans and other animals.

coronavirus
(kә-ro´nә-vi″rәs) any virus of the genus Coronavirus.

coroner
(kor´ә-nәr) an official of a local community who holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, or unexplained deaths.

coronoid
(kor´ә-noid) shaped like a crow's beak. shaped like a crown.

coronoid fossa
a depression in the humerus for the coronoid process of the ulna.

coronoid process
the anterior part of the upper end of the ramus of the mandible. a projection at the proximal end of the ulna.

coronoidectomy
(kor″ә-noi-dek´tә-me) surgical removal of the coronoid process of the mandible.

corotomy
(kә-rot´ә-me) iridotomy.

corpora amylacea
(kor´pә-rә am″ĭla´she-ә) small hyaline masses of degenerate cells found in the prostate, neuroglia, and other sites.

corpora quadrigemina
(kor´pә-rә kwod″rĭ-jem´ĭ-nә) four rounded eminences on the posterior surface of the mesencephalon.

corpulency
(kor´pu-len″se) obesity.

corpus
(kor´pәs) pl. coR & Stress;pora Latin word meaning body.

corpus albicans
(kor´pәs al´bĭ-kanz) white fibrous tissue that replaces the regressing corpus luteum in the human ovary in the latter half of pregnancy, or soon after ovulation when pregnancy does not supervene.

corpus amygdaloideum
(kor´pәs ә-mig″dә-loi´de-әm) amygdaloid body.

corpus callosum
(kor´pәs kә-lo´sәm) an arched mass of white matter in the depths of the longitudinal fissure of the brain, made up of transverse fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres.

corpus carcinoma
carcinoma of corpus uteri uterine corpus carcinoma.

corpus cavernosum
(kor´pәs kav″әr-no´sәm) either of the two columns of erectile tissue forming the body of the penis or clitoris.

corpus fimbriatum
(kor´pәs fim″bre-a´tәm) fimbria hippocampi.

corpus geniculatum
(kor´pәs jә-nik″u-la´tәm) see geniculate bodies.

corpus hemorrhagicum
(kor´pәs hәm″ә-raj´ĭ-kәm) a blood clot formed in the cavity left by the mature ovarian follicle after its rupture during ovulation.

corpus luteum
(kor´pәs loo´te-әm) a yellow glandular mass in the ovary formed by an ovarian follicle that has matured and discharged its oocyte; see also ovulation.

corpus luteum hormone
progesterone.

corpus mammillare
(kor´pәs mam″ĭ-lar´e) mamillary body.

corpus spongiosum penis
(kor´pәs spun″je-o´sәm pe´nis) a column of erectile tissue forming the urethral surface of the penis, in which the urethra is found.

corpus sterni
(kor´pәs stur´ni) body of sternum.

corpus striatum
(kor´pәs stri-a´tәm) a subcortical mass of gray matter and white matter in front of and lateral to the thalamus in each cerebral hemisphere.

corpus uteri
(kor´pәs u´tәr-i) that part of the uterus above the isthmus and below the orifices of the fallopian tubes.

corpuscle
(kor´pәs-әl) any small mass or body. adj., corpus´cular., adj.

corpuscular radiation
particles emitted in nuclear disintegration, including alpha and beta particles, protons, neutrons, positrons, and deuterons.

corrective exercise
therapeutic exercise.

corrective therapy
the planning and administration of progressive physical exercise and activities most effective in improving or maintaining general physical and emotional health, through individual or group participation.

correlation
(kor″ә-la´shәn) in statistics, the degree and direction of association of variable phenomena, such as intelligence and birth order, as measured by a correlation coefficient.

correlation coefficient
a numerical value that indicates the degree and direction of relationship between two variables; the coefficients range in value from +1.00 (perfect positive relationship) to 0.00 (no relationship) to −1.00 (perfect negative or inverse relationship).

correspondence
(kor″ә-spon´dәns) the condition of being in agreement or conformity. retinal correspondence the state concerned with the impingement of image-producing stimuli on the retinas of the two eyes.

corresponding points
points upon the two retinae whose impressions unite to produce a single perception. Cf. disparate points.

Corrigan disease
(kor´ĭ-gәn) aortic regurgitation.

Corrigan line
(kor´ĭ-gәn) a purplish line observed on the gums in copper poisoning.

Corrigan pulse
(kor´ĭ-gәn) a jerky pulse with full expansion and sudden collapse occurring in aortic regurgitation; called also water-hammer pulse.

Corrigan sign
(kor´ĭ-gәn) Corrigan line. Corrigan pulse.

corrosion
(kә-ro´zhәn) the gradual destruction of a metal or alloy by electrochemical reaction or of the body tissues by the action of a strong acid or alkali.

corrosive
(kә-ro´siv) causing, or able to cause, corrosion. an agent or substance that does this; called also caustic. See also escharotic.

corrugator supercilii muscle
origin, medial end of superciliary arch; insertion, skin of eyebrow; innervation, facial nerve; action, draws eyebrow downward and and toward the middle of the face.

Cort-Dome
(kort´dōm) trademark for preparations of hydrocortisone, a glucocorticoid used topically and rectally as an antiinflammatory agent.

Cortef
(kor´tәf) trademark for preparations of hydrocortisone, a glucocorticoid used as an antiinflammatory and immunosuppressant agent.

Cortenema
(kor-ten´ә-mә) trademark for a preparation of hydrocortisone enema, used in treatment of ulcerative colitis.

cortex
(kor´teks) pl. cor´tices Latin word meaning bark. In anatomy, it is used for the outer layer of an organ or other structure, as opposed to its inner substance or medulla. adj., cor´tical., adj.

Corti fibers
pillar cells.

Corti ganglion
cochlear ganglion.

Corti membrane
(kor´te) a gelatinous mass resting on the organ of Corti, connected with the hairs of the hair cells.

cortical adenomas
tiny tumors in the renal cortex, arising from the renal tubules; some authorities consider these to be simply small renal cell carcinomas.

cortical bone
the compact bone that surrounds the marrow cavity of the shaft of a bone.

cortical cataract
an opacity in the cortex of the lens.

cortical dysplasia
dysplasia of the cerebral cortex, such as is seen in polymicrogyria and ulegyria.

cortical hormone
corticosteroid.

cortical plate
a layer of compact bone overlying the spongiosa of the alveolar process on the vestibular and oral aspects of the mandible and maxilla.

cortical radiate arteries
interlobular arteries of kidney.

cortical rim sign
in computed tomography of the kidney, a thin rim of peripheral cortex that is perfused and visible when other parts of the cortex are not, because of capsular collateral arteries; it indicates cortical necrosis, renal vein thrombosis, or infarction of the nonperfused parts.

cortical ring sign
ring-shaped appearance of the cortex of the scaphoid bone on radiography of the wrist, caused by abnormal orientation of the scaphoid following disruption of the scaphoid ligament; a sign of scapholunate dislocation. Called also signet ring sign.

corticate
(kor´tĭ-kāt) having a cortex or bark.

corticectomy
(kor″tĭ-sek´tә-me) excision of an area of cerebral cortex, as of a scar or microgyrus in the treatment of focal epilepsy.

corticifugal
(kor″tĭ-sif´ә-gәl) proceeding, conducting, or moving away from the cerebral cortex. See also efferent.

corticipetal
(kor″tĭ-sip´ә-tәl) proceeding, conducting, or moving toward the cerebral cortex. See also afferent.

corticoadrenal
(kor″tĭ-ko-ә-dre´nәl) adrenocortical.

corticobulbar
(kor″tĭ-ko-bul´bәr) pertaining to or connecting the cerebral cortex and the medulla oblongata or brainstem.

corticocancellous
(kor″tĭ-ko-kan´sә-lәs) referring to bony tissue containing both cortical and cancellous elements.

corticoid
(kor´tĭ-koid) corticosteroid.

corticomesolimbic system
a pair of dopaminergic pathways originating in the ventral tegmental area, one ending at the frontal lobe (corticolimbic) and the other at the nucleus accumbens (mesolimbic); they are involved in the regulation of anticipation and reward phenomena.

corticopontine
(kor″tĭ-ko-pon´tīn) pertaining to or connecting the cerebral cortex and the pons.

corticospinal
(kor″tĭ-ko-spi´nәl) pertaining to or connecting the cerebral cortex and spinal cord.

corticospinal tracts
two groups of nerve fibers (the anterior and lateral corticospinal tracts) that originate in the cerebral cortex and run through the spinal cord.

corticosteroid
(kor″tĭ-ko-ster´oid) any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, or their synthetic equivalents. Called also adrenocortical hormone and adrenocorticoid. All of these hormones are steroids having similar chemical structures, although their physiologic effects are distinct. They are divided into glucocorticoi...

corticosterone
(kor″tĭ-kos´tәr-ōn) a steroid hormone of the adrenal cortex; it affects carbohydrate, potassium, and sodium metabolism. It is usually classified as a glucocorticoid, but it also has slight mineralocorticoid activity.

corticostriatospinal atrophy
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

corticotrope
(kor´ti-ko-trōp) corticotroph.

corticotrope adenoma
corticotrope tumorcorticotroph adenoma a pituitary adenoma made up predominantly of corticotrophs; excessive corticotropin secretion may cause Cushing disease or Nelson syndrome. Called also corticotropinoma.

corticotrope cell
corticotroph cell corticotroph.

corticotroph
(kor´tĭ-ko-trōf″) a type of acidophil found in the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) that secretes corticotropin; it is synthesized as a large prohormone containing both corticotropin and β-lipotropin.

corticotroph-lipotroph cell
corticotroph.

corticotrophic
(kor″tĭ-ko-tro´fik) adrenocorticotropic.

corticotrophin
(kor´tĭ-ko-tro″fin) corticotropin.

corticotropic
(kor″tĭ-ko-tro´pik) having a stimulating effect on the adrenal cortex. adrenocorticotropic.

corticotropic cell
corticotroph.

corticotropin
(kor´tĭ-ko-tro″pin) an anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones, including corticosterone. If production of corticotropin falls below normal, the adrenal cortex decreases in size, and production of the cortical hormones declines. Called also adrenocorticotrophic hormone....

corticotropin-releasing hormone
(CRH) a neuropeptide secreted by the median eminence of the hypothalamus that binds to specific receptors on the corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary and stimulates the secretion of corticotropin.

corticotropinoma
(kor″tĭ-ko-tro″pĭ-no´mә) corticotrope adenoma.

Cortifoam
(kor´tĭ-fōm) trademark for an aerosol foam containing 10 per cent hydrocortisone acetate; used as an intrarectal antiinflammatory.

cortilymph
(kor´tĭ-limf″) the fluid filling the intercellular spaces of the organ of Corti, similar in composition to perilymph.

cortisol
(kor´tĭ-sol) a hormone from the adrenal cortex, the principal glucocorticoid; called also 17-hydroxycorticosterone and, pharmaceutically, hydrocortisone. A synthetic preparation is used for its antiinflammatory actions.

cortisol-producing adenoma
the most common adenoma of the adrenal cortex; it secretes cortisol and causes Cushing syndrome.

cortisol-producing carcinoma
a type of carcinoma of the adrenal cortex that secretes cortisol, causing Cushing syndrome.