Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

colotomy
(ko-lot´ә-me) incision into the colon, such as for removal of a foreign body, polyp, or other benign tumor.

colovaginal
(ko″lo-vaj´ĭ-nәl) pertaining to or communicating with the colon and vagina.

colovesical
(ko″lo-ves´ĭ-kәl) pertaining to or communicating with the colon and urinary bladder.

colpalgia
(kol-pal´jә) vaginodynia.

colpatresia
(kol″pә-tre´zhә) atresia, or occlusion of the vagina.

colpectasia
(kol″pek-ta´zhә) distention or dilation of the vagina.

colpectomy
(kol-pek´tә-me) vaginectomy (def. 1).

colpeurysis
(kol-pu´rĭ-sis) operative dilatation of the vagina.

colpitis
(kol-pi´tis) vaginitis.

colpocele
(kol´po-sēl) vaginocele (def. 1). vaginal hernia.

colpocleisis
(kol″po-kli´sis) surgical closure of the vaginal canal.

colpocytogram
(kol″po-si´to-gram) a differential listing of the cells observed in smears from the vaginal mucosa.

colpocytology
(kol″po-si-tol´ә-je) the quantitative and differential study of cells exfoliated from the epithelium of the vagina.

colpomicroscope
(kol″po-mi´kro-skōp) an instrument for examining stained tissues of the cervix in situ.

colpomicroscopy
(kol″po-mi-kros´kә-pe) examination by means of a colpomicroscope.

colpoperineoplasty
(kol″po-per″ĭ-ne´o-plas″te) plastic repair of the vagina and perineum.

colpoperineorrhaphy
(kol″po-per″ĭ-ne-or´ә-fe) surgical repair of a tear of the vagina and perineum.

colpopexy
(kol´po-pek″se) suture of a relaxed vagina to the abdominal wall.

colpoplasty
(kol´po-plas″te) plastic surgery involving the vagina.

colpoptosis
(kol″pop-to´sis) (kol″po-to´sis) vaginocele (def. 1).

colporrhaphy
(kol-por´ә-fe) suture of the vagina. the operation of denuding and suturing the vaginal wall to narrow the vagina.

colporrhexis
(kol″po-rek´sis) laceration of the vagina.

colposcope
(kol´po-skōp) an instrument for examining the vulva, vagina, and cervix by means of a magnifying lens and a bright light, used to identify abnormal epithelium that warrants biopsy and to evaluate the cervix following a Papanicolaou test. vaginoscope. adj., colposcop´ic., adj.

colposcopy
(kol-pos´kә-pe) examination of the cervix and vagina by means of the colposcope.

colpospasm
(kol´po-spaz″әm) vaginal spasm.

colpostenosis
(kol″po-stә-no´sis) contraction or narrowing of the vagina.

colpostenotomy
(kol″po-stә-not´ә-me) a cutting operation for stricture of the vagina.

colposuspension
(kol″po-sәs-pen´shәn) bladder neck suspension.

colpotomy
(kol-pot´ә-me) incision of the vagina with entry into the cul-de-sac; called also vaginotomy.

colpoxerosis
(kol″po-ze-ro´sis) abnormal dryness of the vulva and vagina.

Coltivirus
(kol´tĭ-vi″rәs) a genus of viruses of the family Reoviridae. It includes the virus that causes Colorado tick fever.

Columbia SK virus
an encephalomyocarditis virus originally isolated in 1940 from a monkey that had previously been inoculated with the Yale SK strain of poliovirus.

columella
(kol″u-mel´ә) pl. columel´lae Latin word meaning little column. columella nasi the fleshy external termination of the septum of the nose.

column
(kol´әm) an anatomical part or other structure that resembles a pillar.

column chromatography
the technique in which the various solutes of a solution are allowed to travel down a column, the individual components being adsorbed by the stationary phase. The most strongly adsorbed component will remain near the top of the column; the other components will pass to positions farther and farther down the column accord...

columna
(kә-lum´nә) pl. colum´nae Latin word meaning column.

columnar cell
a tall, elongated epithelial cell.

columnar epithelium
epithelium composed of columnar cells.

columnar layer
mantle layer.

Coly-Mycin M
(kol´e-mi″sin) trademark for a preparation of colistimethate sodium, an antibiotic.

coma
(ko´mә) a state of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused, even by powerful stimuli. Traumatic brain injuries are the most frequent cause; other causes include severe uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, liver disease, kidney disease, and neurologic conditions. adj., co´matose., adj.

coma vigil
locked-in syndrome.

combination syndrome
a condition sometimes seen in patients with a mandibular distal extension partial denture opposing a complete maxillary denture; if there is not enough primary occlusal force, excessive load may be placed on the anterior part of the maxillary denture, causing loss of the anterior maxillary alveolus.

combined anterior pituitary test
a dynamic test of the functioning of the anterior pituitary, such as after surgery or radiation to the gland; four exogenous hypothalamic hormones are administered intravenously (corticotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone–releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone) and...

combined immunodeficiency
combined immunodeficiency disease abnormally low levels of lymphoid cells that mediate both humoral immunity (B lymphocytes) and cellular immunity (T lymphocytes).

combined modality therapy
treatment of cancer using two or more types of therapy, such as with chemoradiotherapy. Called also multimodality therapy.

combined oral contraceptive
an oral contraceptive that includes both an estrogen and a progestagen, which may be administered in either two or three different phases during each menstrual cycle.

combined pregnancy
simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies.

combined system disease
subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord.

combined therapy
psychotherapy in which the patient sees the same therapist for both individual and group therapies concurrently. See also conjoint therapy. psychotherapy and medication used together.

combined version
external and internal versions together.

Combivir
(kom´bĭ-vir) trademark for a combination preparation of the nucleoside analogueszidovudine and lamivudine, used in treatment of HIV infection and AIDS.

combustion
(kәm-bus´chәn) rapid oxidation with emission of heat.

comedo
(kom´ә-do) pl. comedo´nes a plug of keratin and sebum within the dilated orifice of a hair follicle frequently containing the bacteria Corynebacterium acnes, Staphylococcus albus, and Pityrosporum ovale; see also acne vulgaris. closed comedo whitehead (def. 1). open co...

comedo nevus
a rare type of epidermal nevus marked by one or more patches 2 to 5 cm or more in diameter, in which there are collections of large comedones or comedolike lesions. This condition is occasionally associated with other lesions such as ichthyosis, vascular nevi, and cataracts.

comedogenic
(kom″ә-do-jen´ik) producing a comedo or comedones.

comedomastitis
(kom″ә-do-mas-ti´tis) mammary duct ectasia.

comes
(ko´mēz) pl. comi´tes an artery or vein accompanying a nerve trunk.

comfort zone
an environmental temperature between 13 and 21°C (55 and 70°F) with a humidity of 30 to 55 per cent.

comitant strabismus
concomitant strabismus that in which the angle of deviation of the squinting eye is always the same in relation to the other eye, no matter what the direction of the gaze; it is caused by faulty insertion of the eye muscles.

Commando operation
an operation for management of oral cancer, consisting in resection of the primary lesion and the regional lymphatic nodes.

commemorative sign
any sign of a previous disease.

commensal
(ko-men´sәl) living on or within another organism, and deriving benefit without harming or benefiting the host individual. a parasitic organism that causes no harm to the host.

commensalism
(ko-men´sәl-iz″әm) symbiosis in which one population (or individual) is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed.

comminuted
(kom´ĭ-nldbomact´әd) broken or crushed into small pieces, as a comminuted fracture.

comminuted fracture
one in which the bone is splintered or crushed, with three or more fragments.

comminution
(kom″ĭ-noo´shәn) the act of breaking, or condition of being broken, into small fragments.

commissura
(kom″ĭ-su´rә) pl. commissu´rae Latin word meaning commissure.

commissural cells
heteromeral cells.

commissure
(kom´ĭ-shәr) a site of union of corresponding parts, such as the angle of the lips or eyelids. the site of junction between adjacent cusps of a cardiac valve. anterior commissure the band of fibers connecting the parts of the two cerebral hemispheres. ...

commissurorrhaphy
(kom″ĭ-shәr-or´ә-fe) suture of the components of a commissure, to lessen the size of the orifice.

commissurotomy
(kom″ĭ-shәr-ot´ә-me) surgical incision or digital disruption of the components of a commissure to increase the size of the opening. mitral commissurotomy the breaking apart of the adherent leaflets (commissure) of the mitral valve, a formerly common treatment for mi...

commitment
(kә-mit´mәnt) the legal proceeding by which a person is confined to a psychiatric treatment center, usually involuntarily.

committed cell
a lymphocyte that, after contact with antigen, is obligated to follow an individual course of development leading to antibody synthesis or immunologic memory.

committee
(kә-mit´e) a body of people delegated to perform some function. ethics committee a group of individuals formed to protect the interests of patients and address moral issues. It normally includes a board member of the institution, a lay person, and an administrator. A member...

common acne
a. vulgaris.

common basal vein
either of two veins, each draining the inferior lobe of a lung, via the superior and inferior basal veins, and emptying into the corresponding inferior pulmonary vein.

common bile duct
a trunklike duct formed by the union of the cystic and hepatic ducts.

common cardinal veins
two short venous trunks in the embryo that open into the primordial atrium of the heart; the right one combines with the anterior cardinal vein to become the superior vena cava.

common carotid artery
origin, brachiocephalic trunk (right), aortic arch (left); branches, external and internal carotid arteries; distribution, see external carotid artery and internal carotid artery.

common cochlear artery
origin, labyrinthine artery; branches, vestibulocochlear, proper cochlear, and spiral modiolar arteries; distribution, cochlea and vestibule.

common cold
an acute, highly contagious virus infection of the upper respiratory tract. There are different types of colds, because of different causative agents and individual reactions. Usually the common cold starts with a runny nose, sneezing, a stuffy feeling in the head, slight headache, watering of the eyes, general aching and...

common cold viruses
viruses such as rhinoviruses considered to cause the common cold.

common digital arteries of foot
plantar metatarsal arteries.

common femoral artery
see femoral artery.

common hepatic artery
origin, celiac trunk; branches, right gastric and gastroduodenal arteries and hepatic artery proper; distribution, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, greater omentum.

common iliac artery
origin, abdominal aorta; branches, internal and external iliac arteries; distribution, pelvis, abdominal wall, lower limb.

common iliac vein
a vein that arises at the sacroiliac joint by union of the external iliac and the internal iliac veins, and passes upward to the right side of the fifth lumbar vertebra where it unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava.

common interosseous artery
origin, ulnar artery; branches, anterior and posterior interosseous arteries; distribution, antecubital fossa.

common palmar digital arteries
origin, superficial palmar arch; branches, proper palmar digital arteries; distribution, fingers.

common pathway of coagulation
the steps in the mechanism of coagulation (see clotting) from the activation of factor x through the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. See also intrinsic p. of coagulation and extrinsic p. of coagulation.

common peroneal nerve
origin, sciatic nerve in lower part of thigh; branches and distribution, supplies short head of biceps femoris muscle (while still incorporated in sciatic nerve), gives off lateral sural cutaneous nerve and sural communicating branch as it descends in popliteal fossa, supplies knee and superior tibiofibular joints and tib...

common plantar digital arteries
origin, plantar metatarsal arteries; branches, proper plantar digital arteries; distribution, toes.

common variable immunodeficiency
(CVID) a diverse group of disorders characterized by decreased levels of gamma globulins, lowered production of antibodies when there is an antigenic challenge, and recurrent infections; this is often associated with blood disorders or autoimmune disease. Most patients have normal numbers of circulating B cells bu...

common wart
a lobulated type with a horny surface.

commotio retinae
(kә-mo´she-o ret´ĭ-ne) edema around the macular region of the retina, caused by a severe blow to the eyeball, and producing a permanent central scotoma as a result of destruction of the delicate cones in the fovea. Called also Berlin edema, and concussion of the retina.

communicable
(kә-mu´nĭ-kә-bәl) contagious; capable of being transmitted from one individual to another.

communicable disease
a disease whose causative agents may pass or be carried from one person to another directly or indirectly. Modes of transmission include (1) direct contact with body excreta or discharges from an ulcer, open sore, or respiratory tract; (2) indirect contact with inanimate objects such as drinking glasses, toys, or bedcloth...

communicating veins
perforating veins.

communication disorders
mental disorders characterized by difficulties in speech or language severe enough to be a problem academically, occupationally, or socially; one example is stuttering.