Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

collagenoblast
(kә-laj´ә-no-blast) a cell arising from a fibroblast and which, as it matures, is associated with collagen production; it may also form cartilage and bone by metaplasia.

collagenocyte
(kә-laj´ә-no-sīt″) a mature collagen-producing cell.

collagenogenic
(kә-laj″ә-no-jen´ik) pertaining to or characterized by collagen production; forming collagen or collagen fibers.

collagenolysis
(kol″ә-jәn-ol´ә-sis) dissolution or digestion of collagen. adj., collagenolyt´ic., adj.

collagenosis
(kol″ә-jĕ-no´sis) collagen disease.

collagenous colitis
a type with an unknown etiology, characterized by deposits of collagenous material beneath the epithelium of the colon, with crampy abdominal pain and watery diarrhea.

collapse
(kә-laps´) a state of extreme prostration and depression, with failure of circulation. abnormal falling in of the walls of a part or organ. circulatory collapse shock (def. 2).

collapse therapy
a treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, formerly widely used, in which the diseased lung was collapsed in order to immobilize it and allow it to rest. Common methods were oleothorax, plombage, pneumonolysis, artificial pneumothorax, and thoracoplasty. Pneumonolysis and thoracoplasty are still sometimes done to collapse a ...

collar
(kol´әr) a type of orthosis worn around the neck for support and stabilization. See also cervical orthosis. cervical collar cervical orthosis. Chandler collar a neck brace made of soft felt. four poster collar a rigid b...

collar bone
clavicle.

collar button abscess
a superficial abscess connected with a deeper one by a passage; called also shirt stud abscess.

collarette
(kol″әr-et´) a narrow rim of loosened keratin overhanging the periphery of a circumscribed skin lesion, attached to the normal surrounding skin. an irregular jagged line dividing the anterior surface of the iris into two regions, the pupillary zone and the ciliary zone. Biett col...

collateral
(ko-lat´әr-әl) secondary or accessory; not direct or immediate. a small side branch, as of a blood vessel or nerve.

collateral circulation
that carried on through secondary channels after obstruction of the principal channel supplying the part.

collateral circulation test
see specific tests, including Korotkoff test, Pachon test, and tourniquet test.

collateral digital arteries
proper palmar digital arteries.

collateral fissure
a longitudinal fissure on the inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere between the fusiform gyrus and the hippocampal gyrus.

collateral radial artery
radial collateral artery.

collateral sulcus
collateral fissure.

collateral ventilation
the entrance of air into alveoli through pulmonary alveolar pores and other pathways so that a lobule may remain aerated even though its bronchiole is obstructed.

collateral vessel
a vessel that parallels another vessel, a nerve, or other structure. a vessel important in establishing and maintaining collateral circulation.

collecting system
a group of renal calices and its pelvis considered as a unit.

collecting tubule
the terminal channel of a nephron, which opens on the summit of a renal pyramid in a renal papilla.

collective unconscious
in analytic psychology, the portion of the unconscious that is theoretically common to all of humanity.

Colles fracture
(kol´ēz) fracture of theradius near the wrist with displacement of the lower fragment toward the back of the hand so that the hand is becomes positioned backward and outward in relation to the forearm. reverse Colles fracture Colles fracture in which the lower fragment is displ...

Colles ligament
a triangular band of fibers arising from the lacunar ligament and pubic bone and passing to the linea alba.

Collet syndrome
(ko-la´) Collet-Sicard syndrome (ko-la´ se-kahr´) Vernet syndrome with ipsilateral paralysis of the tongue, due to complete lesion of the ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth cranial nerves. Called also Sicard syndrome.

collicular artery
origin, posterior cerebral artery; branches, none; distribution,corpora quadrigemina of the mesencephalon.

colliculectomy
(kә-lik″u-lek´tә-me) excision of the seminal colliculus.

colliculus
(kә-lik´u-lәs) pl. colli´culi Latin word meaning a small elevation. either of the two pairs of rounded eminences in the midbrain concerned with visual and auditory reflexes. seminal colliculus a prominent portion of the male urethral crest, on which are the openin...

collimation
(kol″ĭ-ma´shәn) in microscopy, the process of making light rays parallel; the adjustment or alignment of optical axes. in radiology, the elimination of the more divergent portion of an x-ray beam. in nuclear medicine, the use of a perforated absorber to restrict the field of view o...

collimator
(kol´ĭ-ma″tәr) a diaphragm or system of diaphragms made of an absorbing material, designed to define and restrict the dimensions and direction of a beam of radiation.

colliquative
(kә-lik´wә-tiv) characterized by excessive liquid discharge, or by liquefaction of tissue.

colliquative necrosis
liquefactive necrosis.

collision tumor
an area of mixing of malignant cells from two distinct tumors (such as a carcinoma and a sarcoma) that have developed separately but near each other.

collodiaphyseal
(kol″o-di″ә-fiz´e-әl) pertaining to the neck and shaft of a long bone, especially the femur.

collodion
(kә-lo´de-әn) a clear or slightly opalescent, highly flammable, syrupy liquid compounded of pyroxylin, ether, and alcohol, which dries to a transparent, tenacious film; used as a topical protectant, applied to the skin to close small wounds, abrasions, and cuts, to hold surgical dressings in place, and to ke...

collodion baby
an infant born encased in a tight membrane resembling collodion or parchment, which is subsequently shed. This usually leaves fissures in the baby's skin and is a primary manifestation of some forms of ichthyosis, especially the lamellar type. Occasionally shedding of the membrane leaves relatively normal skin (lamellar exfolia...

colloid
(kol´oid) gluelike. the translucent, yellowish, gelatinous substance resulting from colloid degeneration. a chemical system composed of a continuous medium (the continuous phase) throughout which are distributed small particles, 1 to 1000 nm in size (the disperse phase), which do not settle out und...

colloid adenoma
macrofollicular adenoma.

colloid bodies
Civatte bodies.

colloid carcinoma
mucinous carcinoma.

colloid degeneration
degeneration with conversion of the tissues into a gelatinous or gumlike material.

colloid goiter
one that is large and soft and has distended spaces filled with colloid.

colloid solution
colloidal solution imprecise terms for colloid (def. 3).

colloid system
colloidal system colloid (def. 3).

colloid tumor
myxoma.

collum
(kol´әm) pl. col´la Latin word meaning the neck, or a necklike part. collum dentis neck of tooth. collum distortum torticollis.

collutory
(kol´u-tor″e) a mouthwash or gargle.

collyrium
(kә-lir´e-әm) pl. colly´ria a lotion for the eyes; an eye wash.

coloboma
(kol″o-bo´mә) pl. colobomas, colobo´mata a defect of tissue. particularly, a defect of some ocular tissue, usually due to failure of part of the fetal fissure to close; it may affect the choroid, ciliary body, eyelid (palpebral coloboma, colobo´ma palpebra´le), iris (colobo´ma i´ridis), lens (co...

colocecostomy
(ko″lo-se-kos´tә-me) cecocolostomy.

colocentesis
(ko″lo-sen-te´sis) surgical puncture of the colon.

coloclysis
(ko″lok´lĭ-sis) irrigation of the colon.

colocolostomy
(ko″lo-kә-los´tә-me) surgical formation of an anastomosis between two portions of the colon.

colocutaneous
(ko″lo-ku-ta´ne-әs) pertaining to the colon and skin, or communicating with the colon and the cutaneous surface of the body.

coloenteritis
(ko″lo-en″tәr-i´tis) enterocolitis.

colofixation
(ko″lo-fik-sa´shәn) fixation of the colon.

Cologel
(kol´o-jәl) trademark for a preparation of methylcellulose, which acts as a mild laxative by increasing intestinal bulk.

Colombian tick fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

colon
(ko´lәn) the long central part of the large intestine, extending from the cecum to the rectum; it is divided into the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon. See also digestive system adj., colon´ic., adj.

colon cutoff sign
a radiographic sign of appendiceal perforation or colonic spasm, consisting of absence of gas and feces in the right lower quadrant, reflex dilatation of the transverse colon, and sharp cutoff of gas at the hepatic flexure.

colonization
(kol″ә-nĭ-za´shәn) the foundation and growth of a new bacterial infection on an individual, as demonstrated by a positive culture. The infected person may have no signs or symptoms of infection while still having the potential to infect others.

Colonna operation
a reconstruction operation for intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. a common type of capsular arthroplasty of the hip.

colonography
(ko″lәn-og´rә-fe) imaging of the colon, as by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

colonopathy
(ko″lo-nop´ә-the) any disease or disorder of the colon.

colonoscope
(ko-lon´o-skōp) an elongated flexible endoscope for visual examination of the entire colon. fiberoptic colonoscope one that uses fiberoptic technology; called also fibercolonoscope.

colonoscopy
(ko″lәn-os´kә-pe) endoscopic examination of the colon, either transabdominally during laparotomy, or transanally by means of a colonoscope.

colony
(kol´ә-ne) a discrete group of organisms, as a collection of bacteria in a culture.

colony-stimulating factors
(CSF) a group of glycoproteins responsible for the proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of hematopoietic progenitor cells; specific factors are named for the cell lines that they stimulate. They can be used to promote bone marrow proliferation in aplastic anemia, following cytotoxic chemothera...

colopexy
(ko´lo-pek″se) surgical fixation or suspension of the colon.

coloplication
(ko″lo-plĭ-ka´shәn) the operation of taking a reef in the colon.

coloproctectomy
(ko″lo-prok-tek´tә-me) surgical removal of the colon and rectum.

coloproctitis
(ko″lo-prok-ti´tis) proctocolitis.

coloproctostomy
(ko″lo-prok-tos´tә-me) anastomosis of the colon to the rectum.

colopuncture
(ko´lo-pungk´chәr) colocentesis.

color
(kul´әr) a property of a surface or substance due to absorption of certain light rays and reflection of others within the range of wavelengths (roughly 370 to 760 nm) adequate to excite the retinal receptors. radiant energy within the range of adequate chromatic stimuli of the retina, being between t...

color adaptation
changes in visual perception of color with prolonged stimulation. adjustment of vision to degree of brightness or color tone of illumination.

color blindness
popular but misleading term for color vision deficiency.

color flow Doppler imaging
a method for visualizing direction and velocity of movement, as of blood flow within the cardiac chambers or blood vessels: information about direction and velocity is gathered by Doppler ultrasonography, coded as colors and shades, respectively, and superimposed onto a black and white cross-sectional image, which produce...

color perception test
see specific tests, including Bodal test, Cohn test, Ishihara test, lantern test, and Nagel test.

color radical
chromophore.

color scotoma
an isolated area of depressed or defective vision for color in the visual field.

color therapy
the therapeutic use of light of specific colors. It encompasses a number of methods used in complementary medicine, including the direction of light of specific colors at the chakras associated with the colors, the stimulation of acupoints, and the use of light of specific wavelengths to facilitate healing. Called also chromoth...

color vision
the ability to see colors, which is a function of the retinal cones. There are considered to be three types of cones, each containing chemicals that respond to one of the three primary colors (red, green, and violet). White light stimulates all three sets of cones; any other color stimulates only one or two sets. The brain can ...

color vision deficiency
deficient color vision, so that a person cannot distinguish between certain colors; popularly called “color blindness.” Monochromatic vision is total inability to see colors; this is rare, affecting only one person in 300,000. Much more common are the various types of partial deficiency. The most common is red-green...

Colorado tick fever
(kol″ә-rah´do) an acute, benign febrile infection with a biphasic course, caused by an arenavirus transmitted by the bite of the wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni, occurring in the western United States and Canada. Characteristics include leukopenia with fever, chills, and pain in various parts of the body.

Colorado tick fever virus
a virus of the family Reoviridae that is the etiologic agent of a febrile disease occurring in regions of the Rocky Mountains where the tick vector, Dermacentor andersoni, is prevalent.

colorectitis
(ko″lo-rek-ti´tis) proctocolitis.

colorectostomy
(ko″lo-rek-tos´tә-me) coloproctostomy.

colorectum
(ko″lo-rek´tәm) the distal 10 inches (25 cm.) of the bowel, including the distal portion of the colon and the rectum, regarded as a unit. adj., colorec´tal., adj.

colorimeter
(kul″әr-im´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring the color or color intensity of a solution. See also spectrophotometer.

colorrhaphy
(ko-lor´ә-fe) suture of the colon.

coloscope
(kol´o-skōp) colonoscope.

coloscopy
(ko-los´ko-pe) colonoscopy.

colosigmoidostomy
(ko″lo-sig″moi-dos´tә-me) the surgical anastomosis of a formerly remote portion of the colon to the sigmoid colon.

colostomy
(kә-los´tә-me) an artificial opening (stoma) created in the large intestine and brought to the surface of the abdomen for evacuating the colon. It may be necessary in intestinal obstruction, perforation of the colon, cancer, birth defects, or occasionally ulcerative colitis. The changed patterns of discharge creat...

colostomy bag
a receptacle worn over the stoma by a colostomy patient, to receive the fecal discharge.

colostrum
(kә-los´trәm) the thin, yellow, milky fluid secreted by the mammary gland a few days before or after childbirth.

colostrum bodies
colostrum corpuscles large rounded bodies in colostrum, containing droplets of fat and sometimes a nucleus.