Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

ciliary reflex
the movement of the pupil in accommodation.

ciliary veins
veins that arise inside the eyeball by branches from the ciliary muscle and drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. The anterior ciliary veins follow the anterior ciliary arteries, and receive branches from the sinus venosus, sclerae, the episcleral veins, and the conjunctiva of the eyeball. The posterior ciliary veins follow ...

ciliary zone
the outer of the two regions into which the anterior surface of the iris is divided by the collarette.

Ciliata
(sil″e-a´tә) a class of protozoa (subphylum Ciliophora) whose members possess cilia throughout the life cycle; a few species are parasitic.

ciliate
(sil´e-āt) having cilia. any individual of the Ciliata.

ciliated
(sil´e-āt″әd) provided with cilia.

ciliated cell
any cell with cilia.

ciliated epithelium
epithelium bearing vibratile, hairlike processes (cilia) on its free surface.

ciliectomy
(sil″e-ek´tә-me) excision of a portion of the ciliary body. excision of the portion of the eyelid containing the roots of the eyelashes.

Ciliophora
(sil″e-of´ә-rә) a subphylum of Protozoa, including two major groups, the ciliates and suctorians, and distinguished from the other subphyla by the presence of cilia at some stage in the existence of the member organisms.

ciliospinal reflex
dilation of the ipsilateral pupil on painful stimulation of the skin at the side of the neck.

cilium
(sil´e-әm) singular of cilia.

cilium pacemaker
the biological regulator that controls the frequency of the beat of the cilia of cells by determining the rate of contraction and excitation.

cilostazol
(sĭ-lo´stә-zol) an agent that reversibly inhibits platelet aggregation and causes dilation of blood vessels, particularly in the thigh region; administered orally to produce symptomatic relief in the treatment of intermittent claudication.

cimbia
(sim´be-ә) a white band running across the ventral surface of the crus cerebri.

cimetidine
(si-met´ĭ-dēn) an antagonist of histamine H2 receptors, inhibiting the action of histamine at cell surface receptors in the wall of the stomach to reduce basal gastric acid secretion and secretion stimulated by food, histamine, gastrin, caffeine, and insulin. It is used for short-term treatment and, at reduced...

Cimex
(si´mәks) a genus of blood-sucking insects (order Hemiptera), the bedbugs. C. lectula´rius is the common bedbug of temperate regions. Other species are limited to tropical and subtropical areas and feed on other animals as well as humans.

cinchona
(sin-ko´nә) the dried bark of the stem or root of various South American trees of the genus Cinchona; it is the source of quinine, cinchonine, and other alkaloids and was used as an antimalarial.

cinchonine
(sin´ko-nēn) an alkaloid of cinchona used as an antimalarial agent, chiefly in the form of the sulfate salt; administered orally.

cinchonism
(sin´ko-niz″әm) toxicity due to overdosage of cinchona alkaloids; symptoms are tinnitus and slight deafness, photophobia and other visual disturbances, mental dullness, depression, confusion, headache, and nausea. Called also quininism.

cineangiocardiography
(sin″ә-an″je-o-kahr″de-og´rә-fe) the photographic recording of fluoroscopic images of the heart and great vessels by motion picture techniques.

cineangiography
(sin″ә-an″je-og´rә-fe) the photographic recording of fluoroscopic images of the blood vessels by motion picture techniques.

cinefluorography
(sin″ә-floo″or-og´rә-fe) cineradiography.

cinemicrography
(sin″ә-mi-krog´rә-fe) the making of motion pictures of a small object through the lens system of a microscope.

cinephlebography
(sin″ә-flә-bog´rә-fe) cineradiography of the veins after administration of a contrast medium. In ascending functional cinephlebography, the contrast medium is introduced into a vein in a foot and its progress is observed as it courses through the tibial, popliteal, and iliac veins.

cineplastic amputation
kineplasty.

cineradiofluorography
(sin″ә-ra″de-o-flldbomacr-og´rә-fe) cineradiography.

cineradiography
(sin″ә-ra″de-og´rә-fe) the making of a motion picture record of successive images appearing on a fluoroscopic screen.

cinerea
(sĭ-nēr´e-ә) the gray matter of the nervous system. adj., cine´real., adj.

cingulate gyrus
an arch-shaped convolution just above the corpus callosum.

cingulate herniation
subfalcial herniation.

cingulate sulcus
one on the median surface of the hemisphere midway between the corpus callosum and the margin of the surface.

cingulectomy
(sing″gu-lek´tә-me) bilateral extirpation of the anterior half of the cingulate gyrus; see also cingulotomy.

cingulotomy
(sing″gu-lot´ә-me) the creation of lesions in the cingulate gyrus using stereotactic techniques; the primary psychiatric indication for this procedure is relief of intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder. It may also be done for relief of intractable pain. Research about it is ongoing.

cingulum
(sing´gu-lәm) pl. cin´gula an encircling part or structure; a girdle. a bundle of association fibers partly encircling the corpus callosum not far from the median plane, interrelating the cingulate gyrus and the hippocampal gyrus. the lingual lobe of an anterior tooth. adj., cing´ulate., adj.

cingulumotomy
(sing″gu-lәm-ot´ә-me) cingulotomy.

cinnamon oil
a volatile oil distilled with steam from the leaves and twigs of cinnamon plants, used as a flavoring agent for pharmaceuticals.

Cinobac
(sin´o-bak) trademark for a preparation of cinoxacin, an antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

cinoxacin
(sin-ok´sә-sin) a quinolone antimicrobial agent administered orally in the treatment of urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Klebsiella species including K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species.

ciprofloxacin
(sip″ro-flok´sә-sin) a quinolone antibacterial agent effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including some strains resistant to other agents such as penicillins.

circadian
(sәr-ka´de-әn) denoting a period of one day, or repeating every day; see circadian rhythm.

circadian rhythm
the regular recurrence in cycles of about 24 hours from one point to another, such as certain biological activities that do this regardless of long periods of darkness or other changes in environmental conditions.

circadian rhythm sleep disorder
a sleep disorder of the dyssomnia group, consisting of a lack of synchrony between the schedule of sleeping and waking required by the external environment and that of the person's own circadian rhythm. The cause is usually environmental, such as rotating shift work or long-distance air travel, but some individuals simply have ...

circamensual rhythm
recurrence in cycles of about one month (30 days).

circannual rhythm
recurrence of a phenomenon in cycles of about one year.

circaseptan rhythm
that which occurs in cycles of about seven days (one week).

circinate
(sur´sĭ-nāt) circular. annular.

circinate retinitis
circinate retinopathy a condition marked by a circle of white spots enclosing the macular area, leading to complete foveal blindness.

circle
(sur´kәl) a round figure, structure, or part. Berry circles charts with circles on them for testing stereoscopic vision. cerebral arterial circle circle of Willis. Minsky circles a series of circles used for the graphic...

CircOlectric bed
(ser″ko-lek´trik) an electrically operated frame similar in principle to the Stryker frame. It can be rotated so that the patient is in a prone, supine, or erect position; this facilitates turning of patients with severe burns, those in some types of traction, or those with various types of spinal injuries.

circuit
(sur´kәt) the round or course traversed by an electrical current. The circuit is said to be closed when it is continuous, so that the current may pass through it; it is open, broken, or interrupted when it is not continuous and the current cannot pass through it. reentrant circuit ,...

circular folds
the permanent transverse folds of the luminal surface of the small intestine.

circular sinus
the venous channel encircling the pituitary gland, formed by the cavernous sinuses and the intercavernous sinuses.

circular suture
one that is applied to the entire circumference of a hollow viscus to secure closure, or to a portion of a visceral wall to achieve inversion of the enclosed circular area.

circulation
(sur″ku-la´shәn) movement in a regular or circuitous course, returning to the point of origin. the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels by which food, oxygen, and internal secretions are carried to and wastes are carried from the body tissues; see also circulatory system.

circulation rate
the amount of blood pumped through the body by the heart per unit time; usually expressed in milliliters or liters per minute.

circulation time
the time required for blood to flow between two given points. It is determined by injecting a substance into a vein and then measuring the time required for it to reach a specific site, for example, arm-to-tongue time.

circulatory
(sur´ku-lә-tor″e) pertaining to circulation.

circulatory hypoxia
stagnant hypoxia.

circulatory shock
shock (def. 2).

circulatory system
the major system concerned with the movement of blood and lymph, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. It transports to body tissues and organs the oxygen, nutritive substances, immune substances, hormones, and chemicals necessary for normal function and activities of the organs, and it carries away was...

circumanal glands
specialized sweat and sebaceous glands around the anus.

circumcise
(sur´kәm-sīz) to perform circumcision.

circumcision
(sur″kәm-sizh´әn) the removal of all or part of the prepuce (foreskin) of the penis in males; see also female circumcision. female circumcision a general term covering both excision of a small portion of the external female genitalia (see Sunna circumcision) and extreme ...

circumduction
(sur″kәm-duk´shәn) circular movement of a limb or of the eye.

circumferential lamella
one of the bony plates that underlie the periosteum and endosteum.

circumflex
(sur´kәm-fleks) curved like a bow.

circumflex artery
the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, which curves around to the back of the left ventricle in the coronary sulcus, supplying the left ventricle and left atrium.

circumflex artery of scapula
origin, subscapular artery; branches, none; distribution, inferolateral muscles of the scapula.

circumflex fibular artery
the fibular circumflex branch of the posterior tibial artery, which winds laterally around the neck of the fibula, helping supply the soleus muscle and contributing to the anastomosis around the knee joint.

circumscribed
(sur´kәm-skrībd″) bounded or limited; confined to a limited space.

circumscribed amnesia
loss of memory for all events during a discrete, specific period of time. Called also localized amnesia.

circumscribed cerebral atrophy
Pick disease.

circumscribed labyrinthitis
acute serous labyrinthitis in a discrete area, due to erosion of the bony wall of a semicircular canal with exposure of the membranous labyrinth; called also perilabyrinthitis.

circumscribed otitis externa
acute bacterial otitis externa in a limited area, with formation of a furuncle that may obstruct the canal; usually due to a staphylococcal infection. Called also furuncular otitis externa.

circumscribed peritonitis
a type limited to one part of the peritoneum; called also localized peritonitis.

circumscribed pleurisy
encysted pleurisy.

circumscribed scleroderma
localized scleroderma. morphea.

circumstantiality
(sur″kәm-stan″she-al´ĭ-te) a disturbed pattern of speech or writing characterized by delay in getting to the point because of the interpolation of unnecessary details and irrelevant remarks; seen in persons with schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorders. See also tangentiality.

circumvallate
(sur″kәm-val´āt) surrounded by a ridge or trench, as the circumvallate papillae.

circumvallate papilla
vallate papilla. one of the papillae in the area next to a vallate papilla.

circumventricular
(sur″kәm-ven-trik´u-lәr) located around a ventricle, particularly in the brain.

circus movement
the propagation of an impulse again and again through tissue already previously activated by it; the term is usually reserved for the reentry involving an accessory pathway.

circus movement tachycardia
(CMT) reentrant tachycardia.

cirrhosis
(sĭ-ro´sis) a liver disease (actually a group of chronic diseases) characterized by loss of the normal microscopic lobular architecture and regenerative replacement of necrotic parenchymal tissue with fibrous bands of connective tissue that eventually constrict and partition the organ into irregular nodules. ...

cirrhosis of the liver
popular name for cirrhosis (all types of cirrhosis are “of the liver”).

cirsoid
(sur´soid) resembling a varix.

cirsoid aneurysm
dilatation and tortuous lengthening of part of an artery; called also racemose aneurysm.

cirsomphalos
(sәr-som´fә-los) caput medusae.

cis
(sis) in organic chemistry, having certain atoms or radicals on the same side. in genetics, denoting two or more loci, especially pseudoalleles, occurring on the same chromosome of a homologous pair. See also trans and cis-trans test.

cisatracurium
(sis″at-rә-kūr´e-әm) a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent administered intravenously as the besylate salt administered intravenously to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to induce skeletal muscle relaxation, either as an adjunct to general anesthesia during surgery or during mechani...

cisplatin
(sis´plat-in) a platinum coordination compound whose main mode of action resembles that of alkylating agents with production of cross links between the two strands of DNA in the double helix so that DNA cannot be replicated and the cells cannot divide. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of metastatic...

cistern
(sis´tәrn) a closed space serving as a reservoir for lymph or other body fluids, especially one of the enlarged subarachnoid spaces containing cerebrospinal fluid. adj., cister´nal., adj.

cisterna
(sis-tur´nә) pl. cister´nae Latin word meaning cistern. cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior the enlarged subarachnoid space between the undersurface of the cerebellum and the posterior surface of the medulla oblongata; called also cisterna magna. cisterna c...

cisternal puncture
puncture of the cisterna cerebellomedullaris with a hollow needle inserted just between the occipital bone, in order to get a specimen of cerebrospinal fluid. See also lumbar puncture.

cisternography
(sis″tәr-nog´rә-fe) radiography of the basal cistern of the brain after subarachnoid injection of a contrast medium.

citalopram
(si-tal´o-pram) an antidepressant used in the treatment of depressive disorders, administered orally as citalopram hydrobromide.

Citelli syndrome
(che-tel´e) mental dullness, loss of power of concentration, and drowsiness or insomnia, seen in persons with adenoids or sinus infection.

citrate
(sit´rāt) any anionic form, salt, or ester of citric acid. citrate phosphate dextrose solution a solution containing citric acid, sodium citrate, monobasic sodium phosphate, and dextrose that is the primary anticoagulant used for preservation of whole blood or red blood cells for up ...

citrate test
(for differentiation of organisms of the Enterobacter group of bacteria) the test organism is grown on a medium containing citrate as its sole carbon source. The metabolism of citrate (positive reaction) turns the medium from green to blue. The Enterobacteriaceae are mostly positive; Edwardsiella, Escherichia, Morganella, Shige...