Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

chlorophyllin
(klor´o-fil-in) any of the water-soluble salts from chlorophyll, used topically and orally for deodorizing skin lesions and orally for deodorizing the urine and feces in colostomy, ileostomy, and incontinence; used particularly in the form of the copper complex.

chloroplast
(klor´o-plast) the photosynthetic unit of a plant cell, containing all the chlorophyll.

chloroprivic
(klor″o-priv´ik) deprived of chlorides; due to loss of chlorides.

chloroprocaine
(klor″o-pro´kān) a local anesthetic, used as the hydrochloride salt.

chloropsia
(klor-op´se-ә) a defect of vision in which objects appear to have a greenish tinge.

chloroquine
(klor´o-kwin) an antiamebic and antiinflammatory agent used in treatment of malaria, giardiasis, non-intestinal amebiasis, lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis; used as the base, hydrochloride salt, or phosphate salt.

chlorothiazide
(klor″o-thi´ә-zīd) a thiazide diuretic used in treatment of edema, such as in congestive heart failure or liver disease, as well as of hypertension. Possible side effects include potassium depletion and other electrolyte imbalances; occasionally bone marrow depression with lowering of platelet and leuko...

chloroxine
(klor-ok´sēn) a synthetic antibacterial used in the topical treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp.

chloroxylenol
(klor″o-zi´lә-nol) a broad-spectrum antimicrobial used in the treatment of bacterial, fungal, and yeast infections of the skin and nails.

chlorpheniramine
(klor″fәn-ir´ә-mēn) an antihistamine with sedative and anticholinergic effects; used orally or by injection as the maleate salt in the treatment of nasal, eye, and skin manifestations of allergic reactions, including allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and itching, and orally as the maleate or tann...

chlorphenoxamine
(klor″fen-ok´sah-mēn) an agent used to reduce muscular rigidity in parkinsonism.

chlorpromazine
(klor-pro´mә-zēn) a phenothiazine used in the form of the base or the hydrochloride salt as an antipsychotic agent, antiemetic, and presurgical sedative, and in the treatment of intractable hiccups, acute intermittent porphyria, tetanus, and the manic phase of bipolar disorder. It is also used to treat certain seve...

chlorpropamide
(klor-pro´pә-mīd) an oral sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent useful in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adult whose condition is stabilized; it is contraindicated in patients with impairment of renal, thyroid, or hepatic function.

chlortetracycline
(klor″tet-rә-si´klēn) a broad-spectrum antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces aureofaciens, used in the form of the hydrochloride salt as an antibacterial (effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) and as an antiprotozoal agent. It is administered orally, intravenously, or topically to t...

chlorthalidone
(klor-thal´ĭ-dōn) a diuretic with the same pharmacologic action as thiazide diuretics; used for treatment of hypertension and edema.

chloruresis
(klor″u-re´sis) excretion of chlorides in the urine; called also chloriduria and chloruria. adj., chloruret´ic., adj.

chloruria
(klor-u´re-ә) chloruresis.

chlorzoxazone
(klor-zok´sә-zōn) a skeletal muscle relaxant used to relieve discomfort of painful musculoskeletal disorders; administered orally.

choana
(ko´ә-nә) pl. cho´anae infundibulum. one of the pair of openings between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx.

choanal atresia
blockage of the posterior nares. When the blockage is bilateral in a newborn, it produces acute respiratory distress because neonates are nose-breathers. Diagnosis is confirmed if a catheter cannot be passed through the nares. Until surgery is done to relieve the obstruction, insertion of an airway may be necessary.

choanal polyp
a type of nasal polyp that projects back into the nasopharynx.

choanoid
(ko´ә-noid) infundibular (def. 2).

chocolate cyst
one filled with hemosiderin, causing a dark color, following local hemorrhage, such as may occur in the ovary in ovarian endometriosis.

choke
(chōk) to interrupt respiration by obstruction or compression; called also strangle. the condition resulting from such interruption; called also strangulation.

choked disk
papilledema.

choked reflex
in fluoroscopy, absence of movement of the retinal illumination on reaching the point of reversal.

chokes
(chōks) a burning sensation in the substernal region, with uncontrollable coughing, occurring during decompression.

cholagogue
(ko´lә-gog) an agent that stimulates gallbladder contraction to promote bile flow. adj., cholagog´ic., adj.

cholangiectasis
(ko-lan″je-ek´tә-sis) dilatation of a bile duct.

cholangiocarcinoma
(ko-lan″je-o-kahr″sĭ-no´mә) an adenocarcinoma arising from the epithelium of a hepatic duct, composed of eosinophilic cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells, with abundant fibrous stroma; mucus may be secreted but not bile. cholangiocellular carcinoma.

cholangiocellular carcinoma
a rare type of hepatocellular carcinoma arising from the cholangioles, consisting of two layers of cells surrounding a minute lumen. Called also bile duct carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.

cholangioenterostomy
(ko-lan″je-o-en″tәr-os´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of a bile duct to the intestine.

cholangiogastrostomy
(ko-lan″je-o-gas-tros´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of a bile duct to the stomach.

cholangiogram
(ko-lan´je-o-gram″) the film obtained by cholangiography.

cholangiography
(ko-lan″je-og´rә-fe) x-ray examination of the bile ducts, using a radiopaque dye as a contrast medium. In the intravenous method, dye is administered through a vein and is excreted by the liver into the bile ducts. X-ray films are taken at intervals as the dye is excreted via the cystic, hepatic, and common bile d...

cholangiohepatoma
(ko-lan″je-o-hep″ә-to´mә) primary carcinoma of the liver of mixed liver cell and bile duct origin.

cholangiole
(ko-lan´je-ōl) one of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system. adj., cholangi´olar., adj.

cholangiolitic hepatitis
cholestatic hepatitis inflammation of the bile ducts accompanied by obstructive jaundice, usually in one of the types of viral hepatitis. Symptoms include progressive jaundice, itching of the skin, dark urine, and bile-free feces.

cholangiolitis
(ko-lan″je-o-li´tis) inflammation of the cholangioles. adj., cholangiolit´ic., adj.

cholangioma
(ko-lan″je-o´mә) cholangiocellular carcinoma.

cholangiopancreatography
(ko-lan″je-o-pan″kre-ә-tog´rә-fe) radiographic examination of the bile ducts and pancreas after administration of contrast medium. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) a procedure in which an endoscope is advanced into the duodenum...

cholangiopathy
(ko-lan″je-op´ә-the) any disease of the bile ducts; see also cholangitis.

cholangiostomy
(ko-lan″je-os´tә-me) creation of an opening into a bile duct.

cholangiotomy
(ko-lan″je-ot´ә-me) incision into a bile duct.

cholangitis
(ko″lan-ji´tis) inflammation of a bile duct or bile ducts. adj., cholangit´ic., adj. primary sclerosing cholangitis , sclerosing cholangitis a progressive chronic fibrosing inflammation of the bile ducts of unknown cause, occurring most commonly in young me...

cholanopoiesis
(ko″lә-no-poi-e´sis) the synthesis of bile acids or of their conjugates and salts by the liver.

cholanopoietic
(ko″lә-no-poi-et´ik) promoting synthesis of bile acids. an agent that so acts.

cholate
(ko´lāt) a salt or ester of cholic acid.

cholecalciferol
(ko″lә-kal-sif´әr-ol) vitamin D3, an oil-soluble vitamin used in the prevention of rickets.

cholecystagogue
(ko″lә-sis´tә-gog) an agent that promotes evacuation of the gallbladder.

cholecystalgia
(ko″lә-sis-tal´jә) biliary colic.

cholecystectasia
(ko″lә-sis″tek-ta´zhә) distention of the gallbladder.

cholecystectomy
(ko″lә-sis-tek´tә-me) excision of the gallbladder, usually done to relieve the symptoms of cholecystitis associated with gallstones.

cholecystenterostomy
(ko″lә-sis″ten-tәr-os´tә-me) formation of a new communication between the gallbladder and the intestine.

cholecystic
(ko″lә-sis´tik) pertaining to the gallbladder.

cholecystitis
(ko″lә-sis-ti´tis) inflammation of the gallbladder, which may be acute or chronic and with or without gallstones.

cholecystocolostomy
(ko″lә-sis″to-kә-los´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of the gallbladder and the colon.

cholecystoduodenostomy
(ko″lә-sis″to-doo″o-dә-nos´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of the gallbladder and the duodenum.

cholecystogastrostomy
(ko″lә-sis″to-gas-tros´tә-me) surgical anastomosis between the gallbladder and stomach.

cholecystogram
(ko″lә-sis´to-gram) a radiograph of the gallbladder.

cholecystography
(ko″lә-sis-tog´rә-fe) radiography of the gallbladder, using a radiopaque dye as contrast medium. adj., cholecystograph´ic., adj. The purpose of the examination is to determine the ability of the gallbladder to fill, concentrate bile, and empty. The dye is administered in tablets the evening be...

cholecystojejunostomy
(ko″lә-sis″to-jә-joo-nos´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of the gallbladder and jejunum.

cholecystokinin
(ko″lә-sis″to-ki´nin) a polypeptide hormone secreted in the small intestine, which stimulates gallbladder contraction and secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

cholecystokinin test
(for pancreatic function)CCK test; after intravenous administration of cholecystokinin, the resultant pancreatic secretion of amylase, trypsin, and lipase is measured by collection through a tube in the duodenum. This test is often combined with the secretin test and called the secretin-cholecystokinin test.

cholecystolithiasis
(ko″lә-sis″to-lĭ-thi´ә-sis) the occurrence of gallstones (see cholelithiasis) within the gallbladder.

cholecystolithotomy
(ko″lә-sis″to-lĭ-thot´ә-me) incision of the gallbladder for removal of gallstones.

cholecystopexy
(ko″lә-sis´to-pek″se) surgical suspension or fixation of the gallbladder.

cholecystorrhaphy
(ko″lә-sis-tor´ә-fe) suture or repair of the gallbladder.

cholecystostomy
(ko″lә-sis-tos´tә-me) the creation of an opening into the gallbladder for drainage. percutaneous cholecystostomy the insertion of a catheter into the gallbladder under radiologic guidance for drainage or the removal of gallstones.

cholecystotomy
(ko″lә-sis-tot´ә-me) incision of the gallbladder.

choledochal
(ko-led´ә-kәl) pertaining to the common bile duct.

choledochal cyst
a congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct, which may cause pain in the right upper quadrant, jaundice, fever, or vomiting, or be asymptomatic.

choledochectomy
(ko″lә-do-kek´tә-me) excision of part of the common bile duct.

choledochitis
(ko″lә-do-ki´tis) inflammation of the common bile duct.

choledochoduodenostomy
(ko-led″ә-ko-doo″o-dә-nos´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of the common bile duct to the duodenum.

choledochoenterostomy
(ko-led″ә-ko-en″tәr-os´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of the common bile duct to the intestine.

choledochogastrostomy
(ko-led″ә-ko-gas-tros´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of the common bile duct to the stomach.

choledochojejunostomy
(ko-led″ә-ko-jә-joo-nos´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of the common bile duct to the jejunum.

choledocholithiasis
(ko-led″ә-ko-lĭ-thi´ә-sis) the occurrence of calculi (see cholelithiasis) in the common bile duct.

choledocholithotomy
(ko-led″ә-ko-lĭ-thot´ә-me) incision into the common bile duct for removal of gallstones.

choledochoplasty
(ko-led´ә-ko-plas″te) plastic repair of the common bile duct.

choledochorrhaphy
(ko-led″ә-kor´ә-fe) suture or repair of the common bile duct.

choledochoscope
(ko-led´ә-ko-skōp″) an endoscope for direct inspection of the biliary tract.

choledochoscopy
(ko-led″ә-kos´kә-pe) the direct visualization of the biliary tract with a choledochoscope inserted through a T-tube or incision; small calculi can be removed from the common bile duct during this procedure.

choledochostomy
(ko-led″ә-kos´tә-me) creation of an opening into the common bile duct for drainage.

choledochotomy
(ko-led″ә-kot´ә-me) incision into the common bile duct.

choledochus
(ko-led´ә-kәs) common bile duct.

Choledyl
(ko´lә-dil″) trademark for preparations of oxtriphylline, a bronchodilator.

choleic
(ko-le´ik) biliary.

cholelith
(ko´lә-lith) gallstone.

cholelithiasis
(ko″lә-lĭ-thi´ә-sis) the presence or formation of gallstones; they may be either in the gallbladder (cholecystolithiasis) or in the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis). adj., cholelith´ic., adj.

cholelithotomy
(ko″lә-lĭ-thot´ә-me) incision of the biliary tract for removal of gallstones; it may be either in the gallbladder (cholecystolithotomy) or in the common bile duct (choledocholithotomy).

cholelithotripsy
(ko″lә-lith´o-trip-se) crushing of a gallstone.

cholemesis
(ko-lem´ә-sis) vomiting of bile.

cholemia
(ko-le´me-ә) bile or bile pigment in the blood. adj., chole´mic., adj.

choleperitoneum
(ko″lә-per″ĭ-tә-ne´әm) the presence of bile in the peritoneum after rupture of biliary passages; called also bile or biliary peritonitis.

cholepoiesis
(ko″lә-poi-e´sis) the formation of bile in the liver. adj., cholepoiet´ic., adj.

cholera
(kol´әr-ә) an acute infectious enteritis endemic and epidemic in Asia, caused by Vibrio cholerae, marked by severe diarrhea and vomiting, with extreme fluid and electrolyte depletion, and by muscle cramps and prostration. Sometimes called Asiatic cholera. Asiatic cholera ...

cholera toxin
an exotoxin produced by Vibrio cholerae; a protein enterotoxin that binds to the membrane of enteric cells and stimulates the adenylate cyclase system, causing the hypersecretion of chloride and bicarbonate ions, resulting in increased fluid secretion and the severe diarrhea characteristic of cholera. Called also choleragen.

cholera vaccine
a preparation of killed Vibrio cholerae, administered intradermally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly for immunization against cholera.