Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

CCU
critical care unit; see intensive care unit.

CD
curative dose; cadaveric donor.

Cd
cadmium. caudal or coccygeal.

cd
candela.

CD antigen
any of a number of cell-surface markers expressed by leukocytes and used to distinguish cell lineages, developmental stages, and functional subsets. Such markers can be identified by specific monoclonal antibodies and are numbered CD1, CD2, CD3, etc. (for cluster designation, according to how their specificity characteristics g...

CD system
[cluster designation] a system for classifying cell-surface markers expressed by lymphocytes based on a computer analysis of monoclonal antibodies against human leukocyte antigens, with antibodies having similar specificity characteristics being grouped together and assigned a number (CD1, CD2, CD3, etc.); these CD numb...

CD4
designation for an antigen found on helper T cells; see CD4 antigen.

CD4 antigen
an antigen on the surface of helper T cells; the normal range of helper cells is 800 to 1200 per cubic mm of blood. The human immunodeficiency virus binds to this antigen and infects and kills T cells that bear it, thus gradually destroying the body's ability to resist infection.

CD4 cells
CD4+ cells a major classification of T lymphocytes, referring to those that carry the CD4 antigen; most are helper cells. Called also CD4 T lymphocytes.

CD4 T lymphocytes
CD4+ T lymphocytes CD4 cells.

CD50
median curative dose.

CD8 cells
CD8+ cells a major classification of T lymphocytes, referring to those that carry the CD8 antigen; the major subtypes are the cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the suppressor cells. Called also CD8 T lymphocytes.

CD8 T lymphocytes
CD8+ T lymphocytes CD8 cells.

CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

cDNA
complementary (or copy) DNA.

Ce
cerium.

CEA
carcinoembryonic antigen.

cebocephaly
(se″bo-sef´ә-le) a monkeylike deformity of the head, with the eyes close together and the nose defective.

cecal
(se´kәl) pertaining to the cecum.

cecal foramen
a blind opening between the frontal crest and the crista galli. a depression on the dorsum of the tongue at the median sulcus.

cecal hernia
a hernia of intestine including all or part of the cecum.

cecectomy
(se-sek´tә-me) excision of the cecum.

Cecil operation
Cecil urethroplasty a two-stage urethroplasty for hypospadias repair, with construction of a new urethral segment buried in the scrotum, and later by separation of the new urethra from the scrotum.

cecitis
(se-si´tis) inflammation of the cecum.

Ceclor
(se´klor) trademark for a preparation of cefaclor, a broad-spectrum cephalosporinantibiotic.

cecocolopexy
(se″ko-ko´lә-pek″se) an operation for fixation or suspension of the cecum and ascending colon.

cecocolostomy
(se″ko-kә-los´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of the cecum and the colon.

cecopexy
(se´ko-pek″se) fixation or suspension of the cecum to correct excessive mobility.

cecoplication
(se″ko-plĭ-ka´shәn) plication of the cecal wall to correct ptosis or dilatation.

cecorrhaphy
(se-kor´ә-fe) suture or repair of the cecum.

cecosigmoidostomy
(se″ko-sig″moi-dos´tә-me) formation, usually by surgery, of an opening between the cecum and the sigmoid colon.

cecostomy
(se-kos´tә-me) surgical creation of an artificial opening or fistula into the cecum.

cecotomy
(se-kot´ә-me) incision of the cecum.

cecum
(se´kәm) caecum. cul-de-sac.

cedar oil
cedarwood oil a volatile oil from the wood of the red cedar tree, used as a clearing agent in microscopical techniques; the thicker fraction is used as the immersion medium with oil-immersion objectives.

cefaclor
(sef´ә-klor) a semisynthetic broad-spectrum second-generation cephalosporin administered orally in treatment of otitis media and infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin and soft tissues.

cefadroxil
(sef″ә-droks´il) a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin effective against a wide range of gram-positive bacteria and a few gram-negative species.

Cefadyl
(sef´ә-dәl) trademark for a preparation of cephapirin sodium, a cephalosporin.

cefamandole
(sef″ә-man´dōl) a semisynthetic broad-spectrum second-generation cephalosporin administered by injection in treatment of a wide variety of infections, usually as cefamandole nafate, a sodium salt.

cefazolin
(sә-faz´o-lin) a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin effective against a wide range of gram-positive and a limited range of gram-negative bacteria; administered intramuscularly and intravenously as the sodium salt.

cefdinir
(sef´dĭ-nir) a semisynthetic, third-generation cephalosporin effective against a wide range of bacteria, used in the treatment of otitis media, bronchitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, bacterial pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue infections; administered orally.

cefepime
(sef´ә-pēm) a semisynthetic fourth-generation cephalosporin; used in treatment of infections of the skin and soft tissues and of the respiratory and urinary tracts. Administered intravenously or intramuscularly as the hydrochloride salt.

cefixime
(sә-fik´sēm) a third-generation cephalosporin effective against a wide range of bacteria, used in the treatment of otitis media, bronchitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, gonorrhea, and urinary tract infections; administered orally.

cefonicid
(sĕ-fon´ĭ-sid) a semisynthetic, second-generation, β-lactamase–resistant cephalosporin effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; used as the sodium salt.

cefoperazone
(sef″o-per´ә-zōn) a third-generation cephalosporin with a wide range of antimicrobial activity, especially effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

cefotaxime
(sef´o-tak″sēm) a third-generation cephalosporin having a broad spectrum of activity, including against penicillinase-producing bacterial strains.

cefotetan
(sef´o-te″tәn) a β-lactamase–resistant second-generation cephalosporin effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, used as the disodium salt.

cefoxitin
(sә-fok´sĭ-tin) a semisynthetic second-generation cephalosporin, especially effective against gram-negative organisms, with strong resistance to degradation by β-lactamase; administered intravenously as the sodium salt.

cefpodoxime
(sef″po-dok´sēm) a broad-spectrum, β-lactamase–resistant, third-generation cephalosporin effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; used as cefpodoxime proxetil.

cefprozil
(sef-pro´zil) a semisynthetic second-generation cephalosporin with a wide range of antimicrobial activity, used in treatment of otitis media and infections of the respiratory and oropharyngeal tracts, skin, and soft tissues; administered orally.

ceftazidime
(sef-taz´ĭ-dēm″) a broad-spectrum third-generation cephalosporin effective against many different types of infections caused by susceptible organisms.

ceftibuten
(sef-ti´bu-tәn) a third-generation cephalosporin used in treatment of bronchitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and acute otitis media; administered orally.

ceftizoxime
(sef″tĭ-zoks´ēm) a third-generation cephalosporin; the sodium salt is used against a broad range of bacteria, administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

ceftriaxone
(sef″tri-ak´sōn) a semisynthetic, β-lactamase–resistant, third-generation cephalosporin effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, used as the sodium salt.

cefuroxime
(sef″u-rok´sēm) a semisynthetic, β-lactamase–resistant, second-generation cephalosporin effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; used as the sodium salt and the axetil ester.

Cegka sign
invariability of the cardiac dullness during the different phases of respiration; a sign of adherent pericardium.

celecoxib
(sel″ә-kok´sib) a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug of the cox-2 inhibitors group, administered orally for symptomatic treatment of arthritis.

Celexa
(sә-lek´sә) trademark for a preparation of citalopram hydrobromide, an antidepressant.

celiac
(se´le-ak) abdominal.

celiac axis
celiac trunk.

celiac crisis
an attack of severe watery diarrhea and vomiting producing dehydration and acidosis, sometimes occurring in infants with celiac disease.

celiac disease
a malabsorption syndrome characterized by atrophy and loss of function of the villi of the jejunum and occasionally the cecum. It is related in some way to dietary gluten and is either a hypersensitivity reaction to a protein in certain cereal grains or a local toxic inflammatory reaction to gluten. There is sometimes a hereditary fa...

celiac ganglia
two irregularly shaped ganglia, one on each crus of the diaphragm within the celiac plexus.

celiac glands
lymph nodes anterior to the abdominal aorta.

celiac plexus
a network of ganglia and nerves in the center of the abdomen, part of the autonomic nervous system and important in control of function of the liver, stomach, kidneys, and adrenal glands. A blow to it may cause great pain or render a person unconscious, because the organs are momentarily thrown out of gear. Called also solar pl...

celiac trunk
the arterial trunk arising from the abdominal aorta and giving origin to the left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic arteries.

celioma
(se″le-o´mә) a tumor of the abdomen.

celiopathy
(se″le-op´ah-the) any abdominal disease.

celioscope
(se´le-o-skōp″) laparoscope.

celioscopy
(se″le-os´kә-pe) laparoscopy.

celiotomy
(se″le-ot´ә-me) laparotomy.

celiotomy incision
an incision made through the abdominal wall to give access to the peritoneal cavity.

cell
(sel) a small more or less enclosed space. the basic structural unit of living organisms. All living cells arise from other cells, either by division of one cell to make two, as in mitosis and meiosis, or by fusion of two cells to make one, as in the union of the spermatozoon and the oocyte to make the zygote in...

cell body
that portion of a cell which contains the nucleus, independent of projections such as an axon or dendrites.

cell culture
the maintenance or growth of animal cells in vitro, or a culture of such cells.

cell cycle
the cycle of biochemical and morphological events occurring in a reproducing cell population; it consists of the S phase, occurring toward the end of interphase, in which DNA is synthesized; the G2 phase, a relatively quiescent period; the M phase, consisting of the four phases of mitosis; and the G1 phase of interphase, which lasts ...

cell membrane
plasma membrane.

cell nucleus
cellular nucleus nucleus (def. 1).

cell of Corti
acoustic hair cell.

cell respiration
respiration (def. 2).

cell theory
all organic matter consists of cells, and cell activity is the essential process of life.

cell-free extract
cell-free system a subcellular fraction that retains biologic function, created in vitro in order to study cellular processes in isolation.

cell-mediated immunity
cellular immunity immunity mediated by T lymphocytes, either through release of lymphokines or through causing cytotoxicity directly against unwanted substances. Examples of this type of immune response include type IV hypersensitivity reactions such as contact dermatitis, granulomatous disease, allograft rejection, graft-versus-host ...

cell-surface receptor
membrane receptor.

cellobiose-mannitol test
(for celiac disease) cellobiose and mannitol are administered and their relative degrees of absorption are compared. Because of the relative permeability of the intestine to large molecules like cellobiose and small ones like mannitol, in celiac disease there is greater absorption of cellobiose and less absorption of mannitol.

cellular blue nevus
a large blue to blue-black, lobulated, circumscribed, nodular tumor composed of melanocytes and spindle cells, found on the buttocks or sacrococcygeal region, with a slight incidence of transformation to melanoma.

cellular edema
edema caused by the entry of water into the cells, causing them to swell. This may occur because of decreased osmolality of the fluid surrounding the cells, as in hypotonic fluid overload, or increased osmolality of the intracellular fluid, as in conditions that decrease the activity of the sodium pump of the cell membran...

cellular immunodeficiency
deficiency in cellular immunity; persons with this condition have recurrent low-grade or opportunistic infections, graft-versus-host disease if they are given blood transfusions, and severe disease if they are vaccinated with live vaccines.

cellular infiltration
the migration and accumulation of cells within the tissues.

cellular pathology
cytopathology.

cellular tumor
a tumor made up chiefly of cells in a homogeneous stroma.

cellularity
(sel″u-lar´ĭ-te) the state of a tissue or other mass as regards the number of its constituent cells.

cellulase
(sel´u-lās) a concentrate of cellulose-splitting enzymes derived from Aspergillus niger and other sources; used as a digestive aid.

cellulitis
(sel″u-li´tis) a diffuse inflammatory process within solid tissues, characterized by edema, redness, pain, and interference with function, usually caused by infection with streptococci, staphylococci, or similar organisms. It usually occurs in loose tissue beneath the skin, but may also occur in tissues under muco...

cellulofibrous
(sel″u-lo-fi´brәs) partly cellular and partly fibrous.

cellulose
(sel´u-lōs) a carbohydrate that forms the skeleton of most plant structures and plant cells. It is the source of dietary fiber and prevents constipation by adding bulk to the stool. Good sources in the diet are vegetables, cereals, and fruits. absorbable cellulose , oxidized cellulos...

Celontin
(se-lon´tin) trademark for a preparation of methsuximide, an anticonvulsant.

celoschisis
(se-los´kĭ-sis) abdominal fissure.

celosomia
(se″lo-so´me-ә) congenital fissure or absence of the sternum, with hernial protrusion of the viscera.

Celsius scale
(C) a temperature scale with zero at the freezing point of water and the normal boiling point of water at 100 degrees. The abbreviation 100°C should be read “one hundred degrees Celsius.”