Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

bursotomy
(bәr-sot´ә-me) incision of a bursa.

burst fracture
axial compression fracture.

bursting fracture
a comminuted fracture of the end of a finger or toe; called also tuft fracture.

Burton sign
lead line.

Buruli ulcer
cutaneous infection by Mycobacterium ulcerans, manifested by a small, firm, painless, movable subcutaneous nodule that enlarges, becomes fluctuant, and ulcerates, leaving an undermined edge. It was first seen in Uganda and Zaire but has now been seen across Western and Central Africa, in Australia, and in many other tropi...

Buschke disease
(boosh´kә) cryptococcosis.

Buschke-Löwenstein tumor
a slow-growing mass of warts usually found in the foreskin of males but sometimes seen elsewhere around the groin and crotch; it starts as a plaque and may grow into a large cauliflowerlike mass. Called also giant condyloma.

Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome
(boosh´kә o´len-dorf) an autosomal dominant syndrome, present at birth or appearing before puberty, characterized by often symmetric connective tissue nevi of the elastic type on the limbs and lower trunk in association with osteopoikilosis.

buspirone
(bu-spi´rōn) an antianxiety agent not related chemically to others; administered orally as the hydrochloride salt.

Busquet disease
(bldbomacs-ka´) exostoses on the dorsum of the foot due to osteoperiostitis of the metatarsal bones.

Busse-Buschke disease
(boo´sә boosh´kә) cryptococcosis.

busulfan
(bu-sul´fan) an alkylating agent that acts selectively on the bone marrow, depressing granulocyte formation, and is therefore used in the treatment of myelogenous leukemias. It is also used for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders, including polycythemia vera and myeloid metaplasia. Administered orally or intravenous...

butabarbital
(bu-tә-bahr´bĭ-tәl) a short- to intermediate-acting barbiturate, used preoperatively as the base or sodium salt as a sedative and hypnotic aid to anesthesia. Administered orally.

butacaine
(bu´tә-kān″) a local anesthetic; the sulfate salt is used as a topical anesthetic in the eye and on mucous membranes, in solution or ointment.

butalbital
(bu-tal´bĭ-tәl) an intermediate-acting barbiturate used as a sedative along with an analgesic in treatment of tension headache or migraine.

butamben
(bu-tam´bәn) a local anesthetic used topically for the treatment of painful skin conditions. a topical anesthetic, used as the base or as b. picrate.

butane
(bu´tān) an aliphatic hydrocarbon, C4H10, from petroleum; used in pharmacy as an aerosol propellant.

butenafine
(bu-ten´ә-fēn) a topical antifungal agent used as the hydrochloride salt in the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm.

butethamine
(bu-teth´ә-mēn) a local anesthetic; used in dentistry in the form of the hydrochloride salt.

Butisol
(bu´tĭ-sol) trademark for preparations of butabarbital, a barbiturate.

Butler-Albright syndrome
(but´lәr awl´brīt) a type of distal renal tubular acidosis occurring later than infancy and having autosomal dominant inheritance.

butoconazole
(bu″to-kon´ә-zōl) an imidazole derivative used intravaginally in the form of the nitrate salt as a topical antifungal agent in treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

butorphanol
(bu-tor´fә-nol) a synthetic opioid used as an analgesic and an adjunct to anesthesia in the form of the tartrate salt.

butterfly catheter
a small-diameter venous catheter introduced through the lumen of a butterfly needle.

butterfly fracture
a comminuted fracture in which there are two fragments on each side of a main fragment, resembling the wings of a butterfly.

butterfly needle
a phlebotomy needle with tabs like the wings of a butterfly that provide a firm anchor for taping.

buttocks
(but´әks) the two fleshy prominences formed by the gluteal muscles on the lower part of the back. Called also breech, clunes, and nates.

button suture
one in which the stitch is passed through a button-like disk to prevent the suture material from cutting through the skin.

buttonhole fracture
fracture in which the bone is perforated by a flying object; called also perforating fracture.

buttonhole sign
invagination of a nodule when pressed with a finger, a characteristic of neurofibromatosis.

butyl
(bu´tәl) a hydrocarbon radical, C4H9.

butyraceous
(bu″tә-ra´shәs) of a buttery consistency.

butyrate
(bu´tә-rāt) a salt of butyric acid.

butyric acid
(bu-tēr´ik) a saturated fatty acid found in butter.

butyroid
(bu´tә-roid) resembling butter.

butyrophenone
(bu″tә-ro-fe´nōn) any of a class of structurally related antipsychotic agents; the prototype is haloperidol.

butyrous
(bu´tә-rәs) resembling butter.

Bwamba fever
a mild, mosquito-borne febrile infection, caused by a bunyavirus, seen in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

Bwamba virus
an arbovirus of the genus Bunyavirus, originally isolated in Uganda but prevalent in much of Africa, that causes a mild febrile disease.

Byler disease
(bi´lәr) progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis.

bypass
(bi´pas) an auxiliary flow; a shunt; a surgically created pathway circumventing the normal anatomical pathway, such as in an artery or the intestine.

bypass graft
an autograft consisting of a segment of vein or artery grafted into place in a bypass.

Bürger-Grütz syndrome
(bēr´gәr grētz´) familial hyperlipoproteinemia, type I.

byssinosis
(bis″ĭ-no´sis) a pulmonary disease seen in cotton textile workers and preparers of flax and soft hemp, due to inhalation of textile dust. Two forms are distinguished: acute byssinosis, seen in those who return to work after an absence and marked by tightness of the chest, wheezing, and coughing; and chronic b...

Bywaters syndrome
(bi´wah-tәrz) crush syndrome.

CA
cardiac arrest; chronologic age.

Ca
chemical symbol, calcium; cathode (cathodal); cancer.

CA 125
cancer antigen 125.

CA virus
croup-associated virus; see human parainfluenza virus 1 and human parainfluenza virus 2.

cabergoline
(kә-bur´go-lēn) a dopamine receptor agonist used in treatment of hyperprolactinemia; administered orally.

CABG
coronary artery bypass graft.

cable graft
a nerve graft made up of several sections of nerve in the manner of a cable.

Cabot rings
Cabot ring bodies lines in the form of loops or figures of 8, possibly remnants of the nuclear membrane, seen in stained erythrocytes in severe anemias.

Cacchi-Ricci disease
(kah´ke re´che) medullary sponge kidney.

cachectic fever
cachexial fever visceral leishmaniasis.

cachectin
(kә-kek´tin) former name for tumor necrosis factor α.

cachet
(kă-sha´) a disk-shaped wafer or capsule enclosing a dose of medicine.

cachexia
(kә-kek´se-ә) a profound and marked state of constitutional disorder; general ill health and malnutrition. adj. cachec´tic., adj. cancer cachexia anorexia-cachexia syndrome in cancer patients. cachexia hypophysiopriva symptoms resulting...

cachinnation
(kak″ĭ-na´shәn) excessive, hysterical laughter.

cacogeusia
(kak″o-goo´zhә) a sensation of bad taste not related to the ingestion of specific substances.

cacomelia
(kak″o-me´le-ә) dysmelia.

cacosmia
(kak-oz´me-ә) a sensation of bad smell not related to a specific odor, or associated with olfactory stimuli usually considered to be pleasant.

CAD
coronary artery disease; chronic actinic dermatitis.

CADASIL syndrome
[cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with stroke and ischemic leukopathy] a rare, autosomal dominant, adult-onset vascular condition affecting mainly the centrum semiovale of the cerebral hemispheres; characteristics include migraines and other neurologic symptoms, stroke and related conditions, and eventually subc...

cadaver
(kә-dav´әr) a dead body; generally applied to one preserved for anatomical study. adj., cadav´eric, cadav´erous., adj.

cadaveric donor
an organ or tissue donor who has already died; see cadaveric donor transplantation.

cadaveric donor transplantation
allogeneic transplantation of an organ or tissue from a cadaveric donor.

cadaverine
(kә-dav´әr-in) a relatively nontoxic ptomaine, C5H14N2, formed by decarboxylation of lysine; it is sometimes one of the products of Vibrio proteus and of V. cholerae, and occasionally found in the urine in cystinuria, where it causes an unpleasant odor.

cadmiosis
(kad″me-o´sis) pneumoconiosis due to inhalation of and tissue reaction to cadmium dust.

cadmium
(Cd) (kad´me-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 48, atomic weight 112.40. Inhalation of cadmium fumes causes pulmonary edema with proliferative interstitial pneumonia and various degrees of lung damage. Cadmium poisoning may occur due to occupational exposure, smoking, and ingestion...

cadmium lung
an occupational disease similar to metal fume fever, caused by inhalation of cadmium dust or fumes; severe cases can be fatal. See also cadmiosis.

cadmium poisoning
poisoning from excessive ingestion of cadmium or breathing in of its fumes; symptoms include nausea, vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and occasionally cardiovascular collapse. Long-term exposure may cause renal disease with tubulopathy and proteinuria.

caduceus
(kә-doo´shәs) the wand of Hermes or Mercury; used as a symbol of the medical profession and as the emblem of the Medical Corps of the U.S. Army. Another symbol of medicine is the staff of Aesculapius, which is the official insignia of the American Medical Association. ...

caecum
(se´kәm) the first part of the large intestine, forming a dilated pouch; it is distal to the ileum and proximal to the colon. The vermiform appendix is attached to it. Spelled also cecum. cul-de-sac.

café au lait spots
light brown pigmented macules seen in neurofibromatosis and Albright syndrome.

caffeine
(kă-fēn´) (kaf´ēn) a xanthine compound found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and colas; it is a central nervous system stimulant, diuretic, striated muscle stimulant, and acts on the cardiovascular system. As the base or the citrate salt, it is used as a central nervous system stimulant ...

caffeine breath test
a breath test for liver function: the patient is given a dose of caffeine labeled with carbon 13; if there is then an excessively low levels of labeled carbon dioxide in the breath, this is a sign of inadequate carbon dioxide metabolism by the liver, as in patients who have cirrhosis or who smoke.

caffeinism
(kaf´ēn-iz-әm) physical dependence on caffeine. a disorder associated with excessive intake of caffeine, defined as the presence of five or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, gastrointestinal disturbance, muscle twitching, ram...

Caffey disease
(kaf´e) Caffey syndrome (kaf´e) Caffey-Silverman syndrome (kaf´e sil´vәr-mәn) infantile cortical hyperostosis.

cage
(kāj) a box or enclosure. rib cage , thoracic cage the bony structure enclosing the thorax, consisting of the ribs, vertebral column, and sternum.

caged-ball valve
a type of prosthetic heart valve consisting of a sewing ring to which is attached a cage made of curved struts; a ball within the cage floats freely, allowing passage of blood or occluding the orifice to prevent reflux.

caisson disease
(ka´son) decompression sickness.

Cajal bodies
tiny, compact structures found in the nucleus of certain cells, up to 10 per cell, resembling balls of tangled thread on electron microscopy; they contain factors involved in messenger RNA processing and a number of nucleolar proteins and may be involved in regulation of some small nuclear RNA genes. Called also coiled bodies.

Cajal cell
astrocyte. one of the neuroglial cells arranged horizontally in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex.

cajeput oil
cajuput oil a volatile oil from the fresh leaves and twigs of various species of Melaleuca, trees found in Australia and Indonesia; it is used as a stimulant and rubefacient in rheumatism and other muscle and joint pain, and in veterinary medicine as a rubefacient and parasiticide in the treatment of ringworm.

cake kidney
a congenital condition in which the kidney is abnormally solid and has an odd shape with irregular lobes. Called also lump kidney.

CAL
chronic airflow limitation.

cal
calorie.

calamine
(kal´ә-mīn) a preparation of zinc oxide and the coloring agent ferric oxide, used topically as a skin protectant and astringent. See also calamine lotion.

Calan
(kal´an) trademark for preparations of verapamil hydrochloride, a calcium channel blocking agent.

calcaneal bone
calcaneus.

calcaneal bursa
a bursa between the calcaneal tendon and the back of the calcaneus.

calcaneal process of cuboid bone
a process projecting posteriorly from the inferomedial angle of the cuboid bone that supports the anterior calcaneus.

calcaneal tendon
a powerful tendon at the back of the heel that attaches the triceps surae muscle to the tuberosity of the calcaneus.

calcaneoapophysitis
(kal-ka″ne-o-ә-pof″ә-si´tis) inflammation of the posterior part of the calcaneus, marked by pain and swelling.

calcaneoastragaloid
(kal-ka″ne-o-ә-strag´ә-loid) pertaining to the calcaneus and astragalus.

calcaneodynia
(kal-ka″ne-o-din´e-ә) pain in the heel.

calcaneus
(kal-ka´ne-әs) the irregular quadrangular bone at the back of the tarsus; called also heel bone.

calcar
(kal´kәr) spur. a spur-shaped structure.

calcar avis
(kal´kahr a´vis) an eminence on the medial wall of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle, below the bulb of the occipital horn, produced by lateral extension of the calcarine sulcus.