Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

buccal artery
origin, maxillary artery; branches, none; distribution, buccinator muscle, mucous membrane of mouth.

buccal glands
seromucous glands on the inner surface of the cheeks; called also genal glands.

buccal nerve
origin, mandibular nerve; distribution, skin and mucous membrane of cheeks, gums, and perhaps the first two molars and the premolars; modality, general sensory.

buccal smear test
sex chromatin test.

buccal surface
the vestibular surface of the molars and premolars, which faces the cheek.

buccinator muscle
origin, buccinator ridge of mandible, alveolar process of maxilla, pterygomandibular ligament; insertion, orbicularis oris muscle at angle of mouth; innervation, buccal branch of facial nerve; action, compresses cheek and pulls back angle of the mouth.

bucco-occlusal
(buk″o-ә-kloo´zәl) pertaining to or formed by the buccal and occlusal surfaces of a tooth.

Buck operation
cuneiform excision of the patella and the ends of tibia and fibula.

bucket-handle fracture
a tear in the semilunar cartilage, along the middle portion, leaving a loop of cartilage lying in the intercondylar notch.

Buckley syndrome
(buk´le) hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome.

buckling
(buk´ling) the process or an instance of becoming crumpled or warped. scleral buckling a technique for repair of detachment of the retina, in which indentations or infoldings of the sclera are made over the tears in the retina so as to promote adherence of the retina to the choro...

buclizine
(bu´klĭ-zēn) an antihistamine used mainly as an antinauseant in treatment of motion sickness; administered orally as the hydrochloride salt.

bud
(bud) a structure on a plant, often round, that encloses an undeveloped flower or leaf. something resembling the bud of a plant, especially a protuberance in the embryo from which an organ or part develops.

Budd-Chiari syndrome
(bud´ ke-ah´re) symptomatic obstruction or occlusion of the hepatic veins, causing hepatomegaly, abdominal pain and tenderness, intractable ascites, mild jaundice, and, eventually, portal hypertension and liver failure. The obstruction is caused by thrombi or fibrous obliteration of the veins and has been associated with ...

budding
(bud´ing) gemmation. a method of release of virus from a cell after replication has taken place: viral protein associates itself with an area of cell membrane, which forms a coat or envelope around the virus; some cellular proteins in the area of budding are replaced by virus-coded proteins.

budesonide
(bu-des´ә-nīd) a glucocorticoid antiinflammatory agent administered by inhalation to treat asthma, intranasally to treat allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory nasal conditions, rectally to treat ulcerative colitis, and orally to treat Crohn disease.

Buerger disease
(bur´gәr) thromboangiitis obliterans.

Buerger-Allen exercises
(bәr´gәr al´әn) specific exercises intended to improve circulation to the feet and legs. The lower limbs are elevated to a 45 to 90 degree angle and supported there until the skin blanches (becomes white). The feet and legs are then lowered below the level of the rest of the body until redness ap...

buffer
(buf´әr) a substance that, by its presence in solution, increases the amount of acid or alkali necessary to produce a unit change in pH. The bicarbonate buffer system in the blood maintains a balance between bicarbonate and carbon dioxide ions and determines the pH of the blood.

buffer salt
a salt in the blood that is able to absorb slight excesses of acid or alkali with little or no change in the hydrogen ion concentration.

buffer solution
one that resists appreciable change in its hydrogen ion concentration (pH) when acid or alkali is added to it.

buffer system
see buffer.

buffer therapy
intravenous injection of buffer substances, such as sodium bicarbonate, with the object of lowering the hydrogen ion concentration.

Buhl disease
(bldbomacl) an acute sepsis affecting newborn infants, marked by hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, and navel attended with cyanosis and jaundice; there are also hemorrhages in the intestinal organs.

bulb
(bulb) a rounded mass or enlargement. adj., bul´bar., adj.

bulb of aorta
the enlargement of the aorta at its point of origin from the heart.

bulb of eye
eyeball.

bulb of hair
hair bulb.

bulb of penis
the enlarged proximal part of the corpus spongiosum.

bulb of vestibule
a body consisting of paired masses of erectile tissue, situated one on either side of the vaginal orifice.

bulbar
(bul´bәr) pertaining to a bulb. pertaining to or involving the medulla oblongata, such as bulbar paralysis.

bulbar paralysis
progressive bulbar palsy.

bulbar syndrome
any syndrome caused by a lesion in the medulla and its nuclei, with paralysis of the cranial nerves originating there. Called also Dejerine syndrome.

bulbiform
(bul´bĭ-form) bulb-shaped.

bulbitis
(bul-bi´tis) inflammation of the bulb of the urethra.

bulbocavernosus muscle
bulbospongiosus muscle origin, central point of perineum, median raphe of bulb; insertion, fascia of penis or clitoris; innervation, pudendal; action, narrows spongy urethra in males and vaginal orifice in females, contributes to erection of penis or clitoris.

bulbocavernosus reflex
bulbospongiosus reflex contraction of the bulbocavernous muscle in response to a tap on the dorsum of the penis; called also penile reflex.

bulbomimic reflex
in coma following a stroke, pressure on the eyeball causes contraction of the facial muscles on the side opposite to the lesion; in coma from toxic causes, the reflex occurs on both sides. Called also facial or Mondonesi reflex.

bulbourethral
(bul″bo-u-re´thrәl) pertaining to the bulb of the urethra.

bulbourethral artery
origin,internal pudendal artery; branches, none; distribution, bulbourethral gland, bulb of penis.

bulbourethral glands
two glands embedded in the substance of the sphincter of the male urethra, posterior to the membranous part of the urethra; their secretion lubricates the urethra; called also Cowper glands.

bulbous
(bul´bәs) bulbar. bulbiform. bearing or arising from a bulb.

bulbus
(bul´bәs) pl. bul´bi Latin word meaning bulb. bulbus oculi eyeball.

bulimia
(boo-le´me-ә) episodic binge eating usually followed by behavior designed to undo the intake of calories in the food that was eaten, such as by purging, excessive exercise, or fasting. It usually takes the form of bulimia nervosa, but also occurs in other disorders, such as anorexia nervosa. adj., bulim´ic., adj. ...

bulkage
(bulk´әj) material that will increase the mass (bulk) of the intestinal contents and consequently stimulate peristalsis.

bull's eye body
dense body (def. 2).

bull's-eye lesion
a shadow seen on a radiogram, usually of the duodenal wall, with a dark circle surrounding a central light circle; it represents tumor metastasis in which a mass has central ulceration. Called also target lesion. target l. (def. 3).

bulla
(bul´ә) pl. bul´lae a large blister, usually more than 5 mm in diameter; called also bleb. an anatomical structure with a blisterlike appearance. adj., bul´late, bul´lous., adj.

bullosis
(bul-o´sis) the production of bullae. a condition characterized by bullae.

bullous emphysema
pulmonary emphysema in which bullae form in areas of lung tissue so that these areas do not contribute to respiration.

bumetanide
(bu-met´ә-nīd) a loop diuretic used in treatment of edema, such as that associated with congestive heart failure or hepatic or renal disease, treatment of hypertension, usually in association with other drugs, and as an adjunct in treatment of acute pulmonary edema; administered orally, intramuscularly, or in...

bump
(bump) a blow or collision. a small swelling. razor bumps popular name for pseudofolliculitis barbae.

bumper fracture
fracture of one or both lower limbs immediately below the knee caused by an automobile bumper, often involving the tibial plateau.

BUN
blood urea nitrogen.

bundle
(bun´dәl) a collection of fibers or strands, as of muscle fibers or nerve fibers. See also tract and fasciculus. medial forebrain bundle a group of nerve fibers connecting the midbrain tegmentum and elements of the limbic system. Thorel bundle a bundl...

bundle bone
lamina dura.

bundle branch block
(BBB) a form of heart block involving delay or failure of conduction in one of the branches in the bundle of His, as determined by an electrocardiogram. It may be complete or incomplete; transient, intermittent, or permanent; and found in the right bundle branch, the left one, or both (bilateral). In complete bund...

bundle of His
a band of cardiac muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles of the heart; called also atrioventricular bundle. Bundle of His, showing the trunk of the bundle and excluding the bundle branches.

bunion
(bun´yәn) an abnormal prominence on the inner side of the metatarsal part of the big toe, with bursa formation; it usually results in lateral or valgus displacement of the big toe. Bunions are sometimes caused by congenital malformation of the bones of the foot or by joint disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, but...

bunionectomy
(bun″yәn-ek´tә-me) excision of a bunion.

bunionette
(bun″yәn-et´) enlargement of the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal head.

Bunnell suture
a figure-of-eight zigzag suture used for tendon repair.

Bunsen coefficient
the number of milliliters of gas dissolved in a milliliter of liquid at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg) and a specified temperature. Symbol, α.

Bunyamwera virus
an arbovirus of the genus Bunyavirus, originally isolated from Aedes mosquitoes in Uganda; infection is usually asymptomatic, but a mild febrile disease may result.

Bunyaviridae
(bun″yә-vir´ĭ-de) the bunyaviruses, a family of RNA viruses that includes the genera Bunyavirus, Hantavirus, Nairovirus, and Phlebovirus.

Bunyavirus
(bun´yә-vi″rәs) a genus of viruses of the family Bunyaviridae, usually transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito; human pathogens cause febrile disease and encephalitis. Important pathogenic species include California encephalitis, Jamestown Canyon, La Crosse, and Oropouche viruses.

bunyavirus
(bun´yә-vi″rәs) any virus of the family Bunyaviridae.

buoyancy
(boi´an-se) upward force exerted by a fluid on an object less dense than itself.

bupivacaine
(bu-piv´ә-kān) a local anesthetic, used as the hydrochloride for local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, and retrobulbar, subarachnoid, sympathetic, caudal, or epidural block.

buprenorphine
(bu″prә-nor´fēn) a synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist derived from thebaine, used in the form of the hydrochloride salt as an analgesic for moderate to severe pain and as an anesthesia adjunct. Administered sublingually or by intramuscular or intravenous injection.

bupropion
(bu-pro´pe-on) a compound structurally similar to amphetamine, used in the form of the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant and as an aid in smoking cessation to reduce the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal; administered orally.

bur
(bur) a rotary instrument used to create openings in teeth, bones, or similar hard material. Also spelled burr.

Burch procedure
(burch) a type of bladder neck suspension for stress incontinence, consisting of fixation of the lateral vaginal fornices to the ileopectineal ligaments.

Burchard-Liebermann test
(bur´chәrd le´bәr-mәn) Liebermann-Burchard test.

burden
(bur´dәn) load. body burden chemicals stored in the body that may be detected by analysis.

buret
(bu-ret´) a glass tube with a capacity of the order of 25 to 100 mL and graduation intervals of 0.05 to 0.1 mL, with stopcock attachment, used to deliver an accurately measured quantity of liquid.

burette
(bu-ret´) buret.

buried penis
concealed penis.

buried suture
one placed within the tissues and concealed by the skin.

Burkitt lymphoma
(bur´kit) Burkitt tumor a form of undifferentiated lymphoma, usually found in central Africa but also reported from other areas, and manifested most often as a large bone-destroying lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. The Epstein-Barr virus, a herpesvirus, has been implicated as a causative agent.

burn
(burn) injury to tissues caused by contact with dry heat (fire), moist heat (steam or liquid), chemicals, electricity, lightning, or radiation. Safety measures in the home and on the job are important in prevention of burns. Burns have traditionally been classified by degrees of severity, with first degree being t...

Burnett syndrome
(bәr-net´) milk-alkali syndrome.

burning feet syndrome
Gopalan syndrome.

burning mouth syndrome
any of various conditions of burning sensations and pain in the mouth (stomatalgia or glossalgia) having unknown etiologies; they occur most often in middle-aged, perimenopausal women or persons with candidiasis who have used antibiotics for prolonged periods.

burnout
(burn´out) emotional and physical exhaustion resulting from exposure to environmental and internal stressors and inadequate coping and adaptive skills. In addition to signs of exhaustion, the person with burnout shows more and more negative attitudes toward his or her job, low self-esteem, and personal devaluation...

Burns ligament
(bәrnz) falciform process (def. 1).

Burow operation
a method of excising triangles of skin at the base of the pedicle of a skin flap to facilitate advancement.

Burow solution
(boo´rov) a preparation of aluminum subacetate, glacial acetic acid, and water; used topically on the skin as an astringent and topical antiseptic and for relief of itching, and as an astringent gargle or mouthwash. Called also aluminum acetate solution.

burp
(burp) to expel gas from the stomach through the mouth; see eructation. to assist an infant to expel gas from the stomach by upright positioning or gently rubbing or patting the back.

burr
(bur) bur.

burr cell
a spiculed erythrocyte that has multiple small projections evenly spaced over the cell circumference; observed in azotemia, gastric carcinoma, and bleeding peptic ulcer. Called also crenocyte and echinocyte.

burrowing phagedenic ulcer
progressive synergistic gangrene. Meleney ulcer (def. 1).

bursa
(bur´sә) pl. bur´sae a small fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity situated in places in tissues where friction would otherwise occur. adj., bur´sal, adj. . Bursae function to facilitate the gliding of muscles or tendons over bony or ligamentous surfaces. They are numerous and are found throughout the body; th...

bursa of Achilles tendon
a bursa between the calcaneal tendon and the back of the calcaneus.

bursa of Fabricius
an epithelial outgrowth of the cloaca in chick embryos, which develops in a manner similar to that of the thymus in mammals, atrophying after 5 or 6 months and persisting as a fibrous remnant in sexually mature birds. It contains lymphoid follicles, and before involution is a site of formation of B-lymphocytes associated with h...

bursa-equivalent tissue
bursal equivalent tissue a hypothesized lymphoid tissue in nonavian vertebrates including human beings, equivalent to the bursa of Fabricius in birds: the site of B lymphocyte maturation. It now appears that B lymphocyte maturation occurs primarily in the bone marrow.

bursectomy
(bәr-sek´tә-me) excision of a bursa.

bursitis
(bәr-si´tis) inflammation of a bursa; types are usually named for the bursa involved. The subdeltoid bursa in the shoulder is most commonly affected, but inflammation may develop in almost any bursa in the body. Excessive use of the joint is often the cause. Sometimes it is acute, coming on suddenly with sev...

bursolith
(bur´so-lith) a hard mass (calculus) in a bursa.

bursopathy
(bәr-sop´ә-the) any disease of a bursa.