Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Brennemann syndrome
(bren´ә-mәn) mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphadenitis as a sequel of throat infections.

Brenner tumor
a rare, usually benign, tumor of the ovary characterized by groups of epithelial cells lying in a fibrous connective tissue stroma.

Brescia-Cimino fistula
an arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis access, connecting the cephalic vein and radial artery.

Brethine
(breth´ēn) trademark for preparations of terbutaline sulfate, a bronchodilator.

bretylium
(brә-til´e-әm) an adrenergic blocking agent used in the form of the tosylate salt to control arrhythmias in certain cases of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation; administered by intravenous or intramuscular injection.

brevicollis
(brev″ĭ-kol´is) shortness of the neck.

breviradiate cells
neuroglial cells that have short processes.

Brevital
(brev´ĭ-tәl) trademark for a preparation of methohexital sodium, a barbiturate used as an anesthetic.

Bricker operation
Bricker procedure (brik´әr) Bricker technique surgical creation of an ileal conduit.

Brickner position
a position for treating shoulder disability, secured by tying the patient's wrist to the head of the bed with the arm supported on a pillow and the head of the bed raised; thus traction with abduction and external rotation is obtained.

bridge
(brij) a fixed partial denture; pons. a protoplasmic structure uniting adjacent elements of a cell, similar in plants and animals. conjugative bridge in bacterial conjugation, a connection formed between two bacterial cells by the attachment of an F pilus from...

bridgework
(brij´wәrk) a partial denture retained by attachments other than clasps. fixed bridgework one retained with crowns or inlays cemented to the natural teeth. removable bridgework one retained by attachments which permit its removal.

bridging necrosis
septa of confluent necrosis bridging adjacent central veins of hepatic lobules and portal triads characteristic of subacute hepatic necrosis.

brief psychotic disorder
an episode of psychotic symptoms (incoherence, loosening of associations, delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or catatonic behavior) with sudden onset, lasting less than one month. If it occurs in response to a stressful life event, it may be called brief reactive psychosis.

brief reactive psychosis
an episode of brief psychotic disorder that is a reaction to a recognizable and distressing life event.

Bright disease
(brīt) a broad descriptive term once used for kidney disease with proteinuria, usually glomerulonephritis; named for Richard Bright, an English physician who published a description of the diseases in 1827.

Brill disease
(bril) recrudescent typhus.

Brill-Symmers disease
(bril´ sim´әrz) follicular lymphoma.

Brill-Zinsser disease
(bril´ zin´sәr) recrudescent typhus.

brim
(brim) the upper edge of a bowllike structure. pelvic brim pelvic inlet.

brimonidine
(brĭ-mo´nә-dēn) an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist used as the tartrate salt in treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension; administered topically to the conjunctiva.

Brinton disease
(brin´ton) linitis plastica.

brinzolamide
(brin-zo´lә-mīd) a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used in treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Briquet syndrome
(bre-ka´) somatization disorder.

brisement
(brēz-maw´) a crushing, especially the breaking up of an ankylosis.

Brissaud reflex
contraction of the tensor muscle of fascia lata on tickling the sole.

Brissaud-Sicard syndrome
(bre-so´ se-kahr´) spasmodic hemiplegia caused by lesions of the pons.

bristle cells
the hair cells associated with the auditory and cochlear nerves.

Bristowe syndrome
(bris´to) a series of symptoms caused by a tumor of the corpus callosum, including hemiplegia and apraxia.

British antilewisite
(BAL) dimercaprol.

brittle bones
brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta.

brittle cornea syndrome
an X-linked, recessively inherited syndrome, characterized by brittle cornea, blue sclerae, and red hair.

brittle diabetes
an imprecise term for diabetes mellitus that is difficult to control, characterized by unexplained oscillation between hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis.

BRM
biological response modifier.

broach
(brōch) an elongated, tapered, and serrated cutting tool for shaping and enlarging holes. barbed b.; root canal b. barbed broach a thin, flexible, hand-operated or engine-driven endodontic instrument, usually tapered, with a series of sharply pointed barbs alon...

broad ligament of uterus
a broad fold of peritoneum supporting the uterus, extending from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis. Broad ligament of uterus, comprising the mesovarium, mesometrium, and mesosalpinx; shown in side view, with the anterior surface of the uterine body facing left.

broad tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum.

Broadbent inverted sign
pulsations synchronizing with ventricular systole on the posterior lateral wall of the chest in gross dilatation of the left atrium.

Broadbent registration point
the midpoint of the perpendicular from the center of the sella turcica to the nasion-postcondylare plane. Called also point R.

Broadbent sign
a retraction seen on the left side of the back, near the eleventh and twelfth ribs, related to pericardial adhesion.

Broadbent test
(for cerebral dominance of language function) different numbers (or words) are presented simultaneously to the two ears; right-handed persons tend to report first the words going into the right ear.

Broca aphasia
motor aphasia.

Broca gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus.

Broca motor speech area
an area comprising parts of the opercular and triangular portions of the inferior frontal gyrus; injury to this area may result in motor aphasia.

Broca parolfactory area
a small area of cortex on the medial surface of each cerebral hemisphere, between the anterior and posterior parolfactory sulci. Called also area subcallosa.

Brock syndrome
(brok) middle lobe syndrome.

Brockenbrough sign
occurrence of a weak pulse instead of a strong one immediately after a premature ventricular contraction; indicative of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

Brockenbrough transseptal catheter
a specialized cardiac catheter with a curved steel inner needle that can puncture the interatrial septum; used to catheterize the left ventricle when the aortic valve cannot be crossed in a retrograde approach.

Brodie abscess
a circumscribed abscess in bone, caused by hematogenous infection, that becomes a chronic nidus of infection.

Brodie disease
(bro´de) chronic synovitis, especially of the knee, with a pulpy degeneration of the parts affected. hysterical pseudofracture of the spine.

Brodie ligament
(bro´de) transverse humeral ligament.

Brodmann areas
specific occipital and preoccipital areas of the cerebral cortex, distinguished by differences in the arrangement of their six cellular layers, and identified by numbering each area. They are considered to be the seat of specific functions of the brain. Lateral view of the cerebral hemisph...

broken straw sign
a sharply angulated spindle cell resembling a broken straw; characteristic of the spindle cell form of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

bromazepam
(bro-maz´ә-pam″) a benzodiazepine used as an antianxiety agent and as a sedative and hypnotic; administered orally.

bromelain
(bro´mә-lān) any of a group of proteolytic enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of specific bonds in proteins. Different forms are derived from the fruit (fruit b.) and stem (stem b.) of the pineapple plant, Ananas comosus. As the concentrate bromelains, it is used as an antiinflammatory agent.

bromhidrosis
(bro″mĭ-dro´sis) the secretion of foul-smelling perspiration.

bromide
(bro´mīd) any binary compound of bromine. Bromides produce depression of the central nervous system and were formerly widely used for their sedative effect, but were withdrawn because overdosage causes mental disturbances (see bromism).

bromide acne
a type caused by ingestion of bromide compounds, one of the most common manifestations of bromism; it does not include comedo formation.

bromine
(Br) (bro´mēn) (bro´min) a chemical element, atomic number 35, atomic weight 79.909. See bromide and bromism.

bromism
(bro´miz-әm) poisoning by excessive use of bromine or its compounds when their concentration in body fluids is high enough to have a toxic and depressant action on the central nervous system. Symptoms include acne, coldness of arms and legs, fetid breath, sleeplessness, impotence, headache, irritability, emotional ...

bromocriptine
(bro″mo-krip´tēn) an ergot alkaloid that acts as a dopamine agonist; used as the mesylate salt to suppress prolactin secretion in the treatment of pituitary prolactinomas and of hyperprolactinemia-associated amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility, or male hypogonadism. It is also used as an antidyskinetic, usually i...

bromoderma
(bro″mo-dur´mә) a skin eruption due to excessive use of bromides.

bromodiphenhydramine
(bro″mo-di″fen-hi´drә-mēn) a sedating antihistamine used in the form of the hydrochloride salt in the treatment of nasal, eye, and skin manifestations of allergic reactions, including allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and itching, and as an ingredient in some cough and cold preparations, administ...

bromomenorrhea
(bro″mo-men-o-re´ә) menstruation characterized by an offensive odor.

brompheniramine
(brōm″fәn-ir´ә-mēn) an antihistamine with sedative and anticholinergic effects; used as the maleate salt in the treatment of nasal, eye, and skin manifestations of allergic reactions, including allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and itching, administered orally or by intramuscular, intravenou...

bronchadenitis
(brongk″ad-ә-ni´tis) inflammation of the bronchial glands.

bronchi
(brong´ki) plural of bronchus.

bronchial
(brong´ke-әl) pertaining to or affecting one or more bronchi.

bronchial adenomas
tumors of low-grade malignancy situated in the submucosal tissues of large bronchi; sometimes composed of well-differentiated cells and usually circumscribed, with two histologic forms: carcinoid and cylindroma.

bronchial allergy
asthma.

bronchial arteries
branches arising from the thoracic aorta to supply the bronchi and lower trachea, and passing along the posterior sides of the bronchi to branch about the respiratory bronchioles; distributed also to adjacent lymph nodes, pulmonary vessels, and pericardium, and to part of the esophagus.

bronchial asthma
asthma.

bronchial calculus
broncholith.

bronchial carcinoid tumor
carcinoid tumor of bronchus.

bronchial challenge
bronchial challenge test a pulmonary function test in which an aerosol such as methacholine, histamine, or an allergen is administered to provoke bronchospasm; used in diagnosis of asthma.

bronchial glands
seromucous glands in the mucosa and submucosa of the bronchial walls.

bronchial pneumonia
bronchopneumonia.

bronchial spasm
spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of the smaller divisions of the bronchi, as occurs in asthma; called also bronchospasm.

bronchial veins
vessels that drain blood from the larger subdivisions of the bronchi; on the left they drain into the azygos vein and on the right they drain into the hemiazygos vein or superior intercostal vein.

bronchiectasis
(brong″ke-ek´tә-sis) chronic dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles associated with secondary infection.

bronchiloquy
(brong-kil´ә-kwe) bronchophony (def. 2).

bronchioalveolar adenocarcinoma
bronchioalveolar carcinoma bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

bronchiocele
(brong´ke-o-sēl) bronchocele.

bronchiogenic
(brong″ke-o-jen´ik) bronchogenic.

bronchiolar adenocarcinoma
bronchiolar carcinoma bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

bronchiole
(brong´ke-ōl) one of the successively smaller channels into which the segmental bronchi divide within the bronchopulmonary segments. adj., bronchi´olar., adj. respiratory bronchioles the final branches of the bronchioles, communi...

bronchiolectasis
(brong″ke-o-lek´tә-sis) dilatation of the bronchioles.

bronchiolitis
(brong″ke-o-li´tis) inflammation of the bronchioles due to a viral infection; children are more often affected than adults. bronchiolitis exudativa , exudative bronchiolitis inflammation of the bronchioles with exudation of Curschmann spirals (coiled mucinous fibril...

bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma a variant type of adenocarcinoma of the lung, with columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells lining the alveolar septa and projecting into alveolar spaces in branching papillary formations. Called also alveolar carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, and bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma.

bronchiolus
(brong-ki´o-lәs) pl. bronchi´oli Latin word meaning bronchiole.

bronchiospasm
(brong´ke-o-spaz″әm) bronchospasm.

bronchiostenosis
(brong″ke-o-stә-no´sis) bronchostenosis.

bronchitis
(brong-ki´tis) inflammation of a bronchus or bronchi; there are both acute and chronic varieties. Symptoms usually include fever, coughing, and expectoration. Chronic forms may involve secondary changes to lung tissue. It often involves the trachea as well as the bronchi (see tracheobronchitis). It is usually an infecti...

bronchoalveolar
(brong″ko-al-ve´ә-lәr) pertaining to a bronchus and alveoli; called also bronchovesicular.

bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma
bronchoalveolar carcinomabronchoalveolar cell carcinoma bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

bronchocandidiasis
(brong″ko-kan″dĭ-di´ә-sis) bronchopulmonary candidiasis.

bronchocavernous
(brong″ko-kav´әr-nәs) both bronchial and cavitary.

bronchocele
(brong´ko-sēl) localized dilatation of a bronchus.

bronchoconstriction
(bron″ko-kәn-strik´shәn) narrowing of a bronchus as a result of smooth muscle contraction, as in asthma.

bronchoconstrictor
(brong″ko-kәn-strik´tәr) narrowing the lumina of the bronchi. an agent that causes such constriction.