Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

bronchodilatation
(brong″ko-di-lә-ta´shәn) a dilated state of a bronchus. the site at which a bronchus is dilated.

bronchodilation
(brong″ko-di-la´shәn) the act or process of increasing the caliber of a bronchus.

bronchodilator
(brong″ko-di´la-tәr) (-di-la´tәr) expanding the lumina of the bronchi. an agent that does this, such as epinephrine or isoproterenol.

bronchoesophageal
(brong″ko-ә-sof″ә-je´әl) pertaining to or communicating with a bronchus and the esophagus.

bronchoesophageus muscle
bronchoesophageal muscle: a name given to small bundles of muscle fibers that arise from the wall of the left bronchus and reinforce muscles of the esophagus.

bronchoesophagology
(brong″ko-ә-sof″ә-gol´ә-je) the branch of medicine concerned with the air passages (bronchi) and esophagus.

bronchoesophagoscopy
(brong″ko-ә-sof″ә-gos´kә-pe) instrumental examination of the bronchi and esophagus.

bronchofiberscope
(brong″ko-fi´bәr-skōp) a flexible bronchoscope utilizing fiberoptics, often used for collection of sputum or tissue samples in the diagnosis of pneumonia or cancer. Called also fiberoptic bronchoscope.

bronchofibroscopy
(brong″ko-fi-bros´kә-pe) examination of the bronchi through a bronchofiberscope.

bronchogenic
(brong-ko-jen´ik) originating in the bronchi.

bronchogenic adenocarcinoma
the usual type of adenocarcinoma of the lung; see also bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

bronchogenic carcinoma
any of a large group of lung cancers, so called because they arise from the epithelium of the bronchial tree. Four primary subtypes are distinguished: adenocarcinoma of the lung, large cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.

bronchogenic cyst
a congenital cyst, usually in the mediastinum or lung, arising from anomalous budding during formation of the tracheobronchial tree, lined with bronchial epithelium that may contain secretory elements.

bronchogram
(brong´ko-gram) the film obtained by bronchography.

bronchography
(brong-kog´rә-fe) radiography of the lungs after instillation of an opaque medium in the bronchi.

broncholith
(brong´ko-lith) a hard mass or concretion in a bronchus or bronchi, formed around an inorganic center or from calcified portions of lung tissue or adjacent lymph nodes. Called also bronchial calculus.

broncholithiasis
(brong″ko-lĭ-thi´ә-sis) the presence of broncholiths within the lumen of the tracheobronchial tree.

bronchology
(brong-kol´ә-je) the study and treatment of diseases of the tracheobronchial tree. adj., broncholog´ic., adj.

bronchomalacia
(brong″ko-mә-la´shә) a deficiency in the cartilaginous wall of the trachea or a bronchus that may lead to atelectasis or obstructive emphysema.

bronchomotor
(brong″ko-mo´tәr) affecting the caliber of the bronchi.

bronchomucotropic
(brong″ko-mu″ko-tro´pik) augmenting secretion by the respiratory mucosa.

bronchopancreatic
(brong″ko-pan″kre-at´ik) communicating with a bronchus and the pancreas, as a bronchopancreatic fistula.

bronchopathy
(brong-kop´ә-the) any disease of the bronchi.

bronchophony
(brong-kof´ә-ne) the normal voice sounds heard over a healthy large bronchus. abnormal voice sounds heard over the lung, with the voice transmitted unusually clearly and with a high pitch; it is a type of pectoriloquy, indicating solidification of the lung tissue. Called also bronchiloquy. ...

bronchoplasty
(brong´ko-plas″te) plastic surgery of a bronchus to restore the integrity of the lumen.

bronchoplegia
(brong″ko-ple´jә) paralysis of the muscles of the walls of the bronchial tubes.

bronchopleural
(brong″ko-ploor´әl) pertaining to a bronchus and the pleura, or communicating with a bronchus and the pleural cavity.

bronchopleural fistula
an abnormal passage between a bronchus and the pleural cavity, causing an air leak into the pleural cavity; sometimes seen as a complication of empyema, fibrosis, or pneumonia.

bronchopneumonia
(brong″ko-ndbobr-mo´nyә) an inflammation of the lungs that begins in the terminal bronchioles, which become clogged with thick mucus that forms consolidated patches in adjacent lobules; called also bronchial or lobular pneumonia.

bronchopneumopathy
(brong″ko-ndbobr-mop´ә-the) disease of the bronchi and lung tissue.

bronchopulmonary
(brong″ko-pool´mә-nar″e) pertaining to the bronchi and lungs.

bronchopulmonary candidiasis
candidiasis of the respiratory tree, occurring in a mild afebrile form manifested as chronic bronchitis, and in a usually fatal form resembling tuberculosis. Called also bronchocandidiasis.

bronchopulmonary dysplasia
chronic lung disease of premature infants that results from disruption of immature lung structures and necessitates the use of supplemental oxygen for at least 28 days after birth. It can be caused by oxygen toxicity and barotrauma during mechanical ventilation, resulting in squamous metaplasia and peribronchiolar fibrosis. It ...

bronchorrhagia
(brong″ko-ra´jә) hemorrhage from the bronchi.

bronchorrhaphy
(brong-kor´ә-fe) suture of a bronchus.

bronchorrhea
(brong-ko-re´ә) excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi.

bronchoscope
(brong´ko-skōp) an endoscope especially designed for passage through the trachea to permit inspection of the interior of the tracheobronchial tree and carrying out of endobronchial diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers, such as taking specimens for culture and biopsy and removing foreign bodies. adj., bronchos...

bronchoscopy
(brong-kos´kә-pe) inspection of the interior of the tracheobronchial tree through a bronchoscope, usually a fiberoptic one passed through the nose; done for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The bronchoscope allows for visualization of the bronchial mucosa and removal of tissue for biopsy. ...

bronchospasm
(brong´ko-spaz″әm) bronchial spasm.

bronchospirography
(brong″ko-spi-rog´rә-fe) the recording of bronchospirometry results.

bronchospirometry
(brong″ko-spi-rom´ә-tre) use of a spirometer to determine vital capacity, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide excretion of a single lung, or to get simultaneous measurements of the function of each lung separately; it is sometimes used to predict the success of pulmonary resection surgery. ...

bronchostaxis
(brong″ko-stak´sis) bronchorrhagia.

bronchostenosis
(brong″ko-stә-no´sis) narrowing of a bronchial tube as a result of scarring or some other stricture; called also bronchiostenosis.

bronchostomy
(brong-kos´tә-me) surgical creation of an opening through the chest wall into a bronchus.

bronchotomy
(brong-kot´ә-me) incision of a bronchus.

bronchotracheal
(brong″ko-tra´ke-әl) tracheobronchial.

bronchovesicular
(brong″ko-vĕ-sik´u-lәr) bronchoalveolar.

bronchus
(brong´kәs) pl. bron´chi any of the larger passages that carry air to a lung (right or left principal bronchus) and within the lungs (lobar and segmental bronchi). Click here to view image Bronchi, showing primary, lobar, and seg...

Bronkometer
(bron-kom´ĕ-ter) trademark for a preparation of isoetharine mesylate inhalation aerosol, a bronchodilator.

Bronkosol
(brong´ko-sol) trademark for a preparation of isoetharine hydrochloride inhalation, a bronchodilator.

brontophobia
(bron″to-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of thunder.

bronze diabetes
hemochromatosis.

Broviac catheter
a central venous catheter similar to the Hickman catheter but with a smaller lumen.

brow
(brou) forehead.

brown adipose tissue
brown fat.

brown atrophy
atrophy in which an organ or part becomes brown due to intracellular accumulation of lipofuscin, seen chiefly in the heart, liver, and spleen of the elderly.

brown cataract
brunescent cataract a type of senile cataract in which the opacity is brown.

brown fat
a thermogenic type of adipose tissue containing a dark pigment, and arising during embryonic life in certain specific areas in many mammals, including humans; it is prominent in the newborn. Called also brown adipose tissue.

brown induration
a deposit of altered blood pigment in the lung in pneumonia. increase of the pulmonary connective tissue and excessive pigmentation, due to chronic congestion from valvular heart disease, or to anthracosis. See also gray induration.

brown lung
byssinosis.

Brown sign
blanching of the tympanic membrane and of the area behind it, seen with pneumatic pressure on the membrane; it indicates presence of a vascular tumor or other lesion in the middle ear.

Brown-Séquard paralysis
Brown-Séquard signBrown-Séquard syndrome (brldbomacn´-sa-kahr´) paralysis and loss of discriminatory and joint sensation on one side of the body and of pain and temperature sensation on the other, due to a lesion involving one side of the spinal cord.

Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome
(broun´ ve-ah-lĕ´to vahn lēr´) an autosomal recessive syndrome consisting of progressive bulbar palsy with any of several cranial nerve disorders, including nerve deafness, facial weakness, dysarthria, and dysphagia.

Browne operation
(broun) a type of urethroplasty for hypospadias repair, in which an intact strip of epithelium is left on the ventral surface of the penis to form the roof of the urethra, and the floor of the urethra is formed by epithelialization from the lateral wound margins.

brownian movement
the peculiar, rapid, oscillatory movement of fine particles suspended in a fluid medium; called also molecular movement.

Brucella
(broo-sel´ә) a genus of gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile cocci or rod-shaped bacteria, the etiologic agent of brucellosis. B. abor´tus, which causes infectious abortion in cattle, is the most common cause of infection in humans; other species pathogenic for humans are B. meliten´sis, found in goats and sheep, and...

brucella
(broo-sel´ә) any member of the genus Brucella. adj., brucel´lar., adj.

brucellin
(broo-sel´in) a preparation from pooled cultures of the three species of Brucella, used in the diagnosis of brucellosis.

brucellosis
(broo″sә-lo´sis) infection by a species of Brucella, transmitted to humans from domestic animals such as pigs, goats, and cattle, especially through infected milk or meat. It primarily involves the reticuloendothelial system, and is marked by remittent fluctuating fever, malaise, and headache. Symptoms may b...

Bruch membrane
the inner layer of the choroid, separating it from the pigmented layer of the retina.

Bruck disease
(brook) a condition marked by deformity of bones, multiple fractures, ankylosis of joints, and atrophy of muscles.

Brudzinski reflex
Brudzinski sign (broo-jin´ske) in meningitis, bending the patient's neck usually produces flexion of the knee and hip. in meningitis, passive flexion of the lower limb on one side causes a similar movement in the opposite limb.

Brueghel syndrome
(broi´gәl) Meige syndrome (def. 2).

Brugada syndrome
(broo-gah´thah) a type of ion channelopathy characterized by sudden, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in an apparently healthy person, often resulting in death (sudden adult or sudden arrhythmia death syndrome). It is autosomal dominant and occurs most often in males of Southeast Asian origin.

Brugia
(broo´je-ә) a genus of filarial worms. B. mala′yi is a species similar to, and often found in association with, Wuchereria bancrofti, causing human filariasis and elephantiasis from eastern India throughout Southeast Asia and the nearby islands.

bruise
(brldbomacz) contusion. to cause or to develop a contusion.

bruit
(brwe) (brldbomact) French word meaning sound (def. 3). aneurysmal bruit a blowing sound heard over an aneurysm. placental bruit placental souffle.

Brunati sign
the appearance of opacities in the cornea during the course of pneumonia or typhoid fever.

Brunner glands
glands in the submucosa of the duodenum that secrete intestinal juice; called also duodenal glands.

Brunnstrom method
(brun´strәm) neurophysiological treatment based on the use of reflexes to elicit movement; stereotyped whole-limb movement patterns (synergies) are facilitated.

Bruns apraxia
gait apraxia.

Bruns sign
Bruns syndrome (broonz) intermittent headache, vertigo, vomiting, and visual disturbances on sudden movement of the head, characteristic of cysticercus infection of the fourth ventricle, lesion of the fourth ventricle, or tumors of the midline of the cerebellum and third or lateral ventricles.

Brunschwig operation
(broon´shwig) pancreatoduodenectomy performed in two stages.

Brunsting syndrome
(brun´sting) Brunsting-Perry syndrome (brun´sting per´e) a variant of cicatricial pemphigoid with lesions on the skin of the head and neck that heal and leave superficial scarring; if it is on the scalp, it causes cicatricial alopecia.

brush biopsy
one in which the sample is obtained by a brush with stiff bristles introduced through an endoscope, such as for a tissue sample from an inaccessible place such as the renal pelvis or bronchus.

brush burn
a skin wound caused by violent rubbing or friction, as by a rope pulled through the hands; called also friction burn.

Brushfield-Wyatt syndrome
(brush´fēld wi´әt) a congenital syndrome consisting of extensive unilateral nevus flammeus, homonymous hemianopia of both eyes, contralateral hemiplegia, cerebral angioma, and mental retardation; it may be related to the Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Bruton disease
(broo´tәn) X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

bruxism
(bruk´siz-әm) gnashing, grinding, or clenching the teeth, usually during sleep. If this continues for a long time, it can wear down and loosen teeth and cause bone loss in the jaw; it can also cause headache, muscle spasm, and chronic pain in the face and jaw. Possible causes include dental problems such as ...

Bryant sign
lowering of the axillary folds in dislocation of the shoulder.

Brücke muscle
(bre´kә) the longitudinal fibers of the ciliaris muscle.

BS
Bachelor of Surgery; Bachelor of Science; breath sounds; blood sugar.

BSA
body surface area.

BTLS
basic trauma life support.

BTPS
body temperature and pressure, saturated; denoting a volume of gas saturated with water vapor at 37° C and ambient barometric pressure.

bubble oxygenator
a device in which pure oxygen is bubbled through an extracorporeal reservoir of blood, either directly or through a filter.

bubo
(bu´bo) pl. bu´boes a tender, enlarged, and inflamed lymph node, particularly in the armpit or groin, resulting from absorption of infective material. These occur in various diseases, such as lymphogranuloma venereum, plague, syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, and tuberculosis. adj., bubon´ic., adj.

bucca
(buk´ә) Latin word meaning cheek (def. 1).

buccal
(buk´әl) pertaining to or directed toward the cheek.

buccal angles
the tooth angles between the buccal surface and the other surfaces of a posterior tooth; the cavity angles between the buccal wall of a tooth cavity and other walls.