Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

calvaria
(kal-var´e-ә) the domelike superior portion of the cranium, comprising the superior portions of the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones. Called also cranial vault.

Calvé-Perthes disease
(kahl-va´ per´tәz) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

calx
(kalks) lime or chalk. heel.

Calymmatobacterium
(kә-lim″ә-to-bak-tēr´e-әm) a genus of bacteria made up of gram-negative rods. C. granulo´matis causes granuloma inguinale.

calyx
(ka´liks) pl. ca´lyces, ca´lices a cuplike organ or cavity. adj., calice´al., adj. Spelled also calix.

CAM
complementary and alternative medicine.

cameloid cell
elliptocyte.

camera
(kam´ә-rә) pl. ca´merae, cameras Latin word meaning cavity or chamber; a term used in anatomy. a device for converting light or other energy from an object into a visible image. Anger camera the original form of gamma camera. Because the Anger camera is by far the...

Cameron ulcer
a peptic ulcer within a sliding hiatal hernia; it may be accompanied by chronic bleeding or be clinically silent.

cAMP
cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

camp fever
epidemic typhus.

cAMP receptor protein
catabolite activator protein.

CAMP test
(for the presumptive identification of Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci) a culture of streptococcus is streaked on a blood agar plate near a streak of beta-lysin–producing Staphylococcus aureus. Group B streptococci produce a substance that enlarges the zone of lysis formed by the staphylococcal beta-hemolysin.

Campbell ligament
(kam´bәl) suspensory ligament of axilla.

camphor
(kam´for) (kam´fәr) a ketone derived from an Asian tree, Cinnamomum camphora, or produced synthetically; used topically for relief of itching and inhaled as a nasal decongestant.

campotomy
(kam-pot´ә-me) the stereotaxic surgical technique of producing a lesion in the fields of Forel, beneath the thalamus, for correction of tremor in Parkinson disease.

camptocormia
(kamp″to-kor´me-ә) camptospasm.

camptodactyly
(kamp″to-dak´tә-le) permanent flexion of one or more fingers.

camptomelia
(kamp″to-me´le-ә) bending of the limbs, producing permanent bowing or curving of the affected part. adj., camptome´lic., adj.

camptomelic dwarfism
dwarfism due to camptomelia of the lower limbs, often accompanied by cleft palate and other abnormalities.

camptomelic syndrome
osteochondrodysplasia associated with flat facies, bowed tibiae with skin dimpling, hypoplastic scapulae, and short vertebrae.

camptospasm
(kamp´to-spaz″әm) a static deformity consisting of forward flexion of the trunk. Called also camptocormia.

Campylobacter
(kam″pә-lo-bak´tәr) a genus of bacteria, found in the oral cavity, intestinal tract, and reproductive organs of humans and animals. Some subspecies of C. fe´tus cause acute gastroenteritis and can cause systemic infection in immunocompromised people. The species C. pylo´ri is now named Helicobacter py...

campylobacteriosis
(kam″pә-lo-bak-tēr″e-o´sis) bacterial infection with Campylobacter species; most species are more common in other animals than in humans. Human infection is usually an intestinal condition, acquired by eating inadequately cooked meat or through occupational exposure to infected animals. Other type...

Camurati-Engelmann disease
(kah-moo-rah´te eng´gәl-mahn) diaphyseal dysplasia.

Canada-Cronkhite syndrome
(kan´ә-dә krong´kīt) Cronkhite-Canada syndrome.

Canadian crutch
triceps crutch.

canal
(kә-nal´) a relatively narrow tubular passage or channel.

canal of Corti
(kor´te) a space between the outer and inner rods of Corti.

canal of Cuvier
(ku-vya´) ductus venosus.

canal of Nuck
(nook) a pouch of peritoneum extending into the inguinal canal, accompanying the round ligament, in the female; usually obliterated after birth.

canal of Wirsung
(vēr´soong) pancreatic duct.

canalicular adenoma
the canalicular type of basal cell adenoma.

canalicular testis
an undescended testis located between the internal and external inguinal rings.

canaliculitis
(kan″ә-lik″u-li´tis) inflammation of the lacrimal ducts.

canaliculus
(kan″ә-lik´u-lәs) pl. canalic´uli an extremely narrow tubular passage or channel. adj., canalic´ular., adj. bile canaliculi fine tubular channels forming a three-dimensional network within the parenchyma of the liver. They join to form the bile ductules ...

canalis
(kә-na´lis) pl. cana´les Latin word meaning canal or channel.

canalization
(kan″ә-lĭ-za´shәn) formation of canals, natural or morbid. surgical establishment of canals for drainage. recanalization.

canaloplasty
(kan´ә-lo-plas″te) plastic reconstruction of a passage, as of the external acoustic meatus.

Canavan disease
(kan´ә-vәn) Canavan-van Bogaert-Bertrand disease a rare autosomal recessive form of leukodystrophy, found especially in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, although it has also been seen in other ethnic groups. Characteristics include early onset, widespread demyelination and vacuolation of the cerebral white...

cancellated
(kan´sә-lāt″әd) having a lattice-like structure.

cancellated bone
cancellous bone.

cancellous
(kan-sәl´әs) of a reticular, spongy, or lattice-like structure; said mainly of bone tissue.

cancellous bone
bone composed of thin intersecting plates (lamellae). Such bone is usually found internal to compact bone.

cancellous tissue
the spongy tissue of bone.

cancellus
(kan-sәl´әs) pl. cancel´li any structure arranged like a lattice, especially the lattice-like structure in bone.

cancer
(kan´sәr) any malignant, cellular tumor, referring to neoplastic diseases in which there is a transformation of normal body cells into malignant ones (see malignant). The dangers of cancer are related to the chaotic reproduction of malignant cells. The two broad categories of cancer are the carcinomas and the sarc...

cancer antigen 125
(CA 125) a glycoprotein antigen found in normal adult tissues such as the epithelium of the fallopian tubes, the endometrium, the endocervix, the pleura, and the peritoneum. Elevated levels are seen in association with epithelial ovarian carcinomas, particularly nonmucinous tumors, as well as with some other...

cancer bodies
Plimmer bodies.

cancer-inducing virus
oncovirus.

canceremia
(kan″sәr-e´me-ә) the presence of cancer cells in the blood.

cancerigenic
(kan″sәr-ĭ-jen´ik) giving rise to a malignant tumor; see also carcinogenic.

cancerophobia
(kan″ser-o-fo´be-ә) cancerphobia.

cancerphobia
(kan″sәr-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of cancer or other tumors.

cancroid
(kang´kroid) resembling cancer.

cancrum
(kang´krәm) Latin word meaning canker. cancrum oris see noma.

candela
(cd) (kan-del´ә) the base SI unit of luminous intensity.

candesartan
(kan″dә-sahr´tan) an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of hypertension; administered orally as candesartan cilexetil.

candicidin
(kan″dĭ-si´din) an antifungal agent derived from Streptomyces griseus, used principally to treat candidal vaginitis.

Candida
(kan´dĭ-dә) a genus of yeastlike fungi that are commonly part of the normal flora of the mouth, skin, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections. C. al´bicans is the usual pathogen in humans. See also candidiasis.

Candida
endocarditis mycotic endocarditis caused by a species of Candida; called also endocardial candidiasis.

Candida
esophagitiscandidal esophagitis fungal esophagitis caused by Candida species.

Candida
peritonitis peritonitis caused by a species of Candida, generally seen as a complication of peritoneal dialysis; symptoms include abdominal pain, sometimes with mild fever, nausea, and vomiting.

Candida
pneumonia pulmonary candidiasis.

Candida
vaginitiscandidal vaginitisCandida vulvovaginitis vulvovaginal candidiasis.

candidal
(kan´di-dәl) pertaining to or caused by Candida.

candidemia
(kan″dĭ-de´me-ә) the presence in the blood of fungi of the genus Candida.

candidiasis
(kan″dĭ-di´ә-sis) infection by fungi of the genus Candida, generally C. albicans. The most common sites are the skin, oral mucosa (thrush), respiratory tract (bronchopulmonary candidiasis), endocardium (Candida endocarditis) and vagina (vulvovaginal candidiasis). Occasionally there may be a systemic candidal ...

candidid
(kan´dĭ-did) an id reaction showing hypersensitivity to infection with Candida elsewhere on the body.

candidin
(kan´dĭ-din) a skin test antigen derived from Candida albicans, used in testing for the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity to the microorganism.

candiduria
(kan″did-u´re-ә) the presence of Candida organisms in the urine.

cane
(kān) an assistive device that provides partial support and balance for ambulation and standing. adjustable cane a cane whose length can be easily altered. quadripod cane a cane adapted for increased stability by providing a four-legged rectangular bas...

cane sugar
sucrose from sugar cane.

canine
(ka´nīn) pertaining to or characteristic of dogs. canine tooth. pertaining to a canine tooth.

canine tooth
the tooth immediately to the outside of the second incisor tooth; it has a long conical crown and the longest, most powerful root of all the teeth. Called also cuspid tooth.

canities
(kә-nish´e-ēz) grayness or whiteness of the scalp hair, especially as associated with aging. See also leukotrichia and poliosis.

canker
(kang´kәr) an ulceration, especially of the oral mucosa; see also recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

cannabinoid
(kә-nab´ĭ-noid) any of the principles of Cannabis, including tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol.

cannabinol
(kә-nab´ĭ-nol) a physiologically inactive principle from Cannabis; its tetrahydro derivative (tetrahydrocannabinol) is active.

cannabis
(kan´ә-bis) the dried flowering tops of hemp plants (Cannabis sativa), which have euphoric principles; see marijuana and hashish.

cannon a waves
in tracings of the jugular venous pulse, abnormal tall a waves seen in rhythm disturbances in which the atrium contracts against a closed tricuspid valve. See also giant a waves.

Cannon point
Cannon ring a focal contraction seen radiographically at the mid-third of the transverse colon, marking an area of overlap between the superior and inferior nerve plexuses.

cannula
(kan´u-lә) a tube for insertion into a vessel, duct, or cavity. During insertion its lumen is usually occupied by a trocar; following placement, the trocar is removed and the cannula remains patent as a channel for the flow of fluids. nasal cannula one that fits into the nostr...

cannulate
(kan´u-lāt) to introduce a cannula, which may be left in place.

cannulation
(kan″u-la´shәn) introduction of a cannula into a tubelike organ or body cavity.

canola oil
(kә-no´lә) rapeseed oil that has been specifically prepared from plants bred to be low in erucic acid.

Cantelli sign
oculocephalic reflex.

cantharidin
(kan-thar´ĭ-din) the most active principle of cantharides, the dried Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria; preparations containing cantharidin are used topically as a vesicant to remove warts and lesions of molluscum contagiosum.

canthectomy
(kan-thek´tә-me) excision of a canthus.

canthitis
(kan-thi´tis) inflammation of a canthus.

cantholysis
(kan-thol´ĭ-sis) surgical section of a canthus or a canthal ligament.

canthoplasty
(kan´tho-plas″te) plastic surgery of a canthus.

canthorrhaphy
(kan-thor´ә-fe) the suturing of the palpebral fissure at either canthus.

canthotomy
(kan-thot´ә-me) incision of a canthus.

canthus
(kan´thәs) pl. can´thi the angular junction of the eyelids at either corner of the eyes. adj., can´thal., adj.

canting
(kant´ing) the process for manufacturing x-ray grids, resulting in grid lines that are uniform and bilateral.

cap
(kap) a covering. cervical cap a contraceptive device similar to the diaphragm but smaller, consisting of a cup that fits directly over the cervix. cradle cap an oily yellowish crust that sometimes appears on the scalp of an infant, caused by excessive secr...

capacitance
(C) (kә-pas´ĭ-tәns) the property of being able to store an electric charge. the ratio of the charge stored by a capacitor to the voltage across the capacitor.

capacitation
(kә-pas″ĭ-ta´shәn) the process by which the glycoprotein coat and the seminal proteins are removed from the surface of the sperm's acrosome by substances secreted by the uterus or fallopian tubes of the female genital tract, thereby permitting the acrosome reaction to occur.

capacitor
(kә-pas´ĭ-tәr) a device for holding and storing charges of electricity, made of two conductors separated by insulating material. Called also condenser.