Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Celsius thermometer
one that uses the Celsius scale.

cement
(sә-ment´) a substance that produces a solid union between two surfaces. dental cement. cementum. dental cement any of various bonding substances that are placed in the mouth as a viscous liquid and set to a hard mass; used in restorative and ort...

cement cell
cementocyte.

cement line
a line visible in microscopic examination of bone in cross section, marking the boundary of an osteon (haversian system).

cemental fracture
cemental tearcementum fracture complete or partial detachment of a fragment of cementum from the root surface of a tooth, especially when associated with occlusal trauma.

cementicle
(sә-men´tĭ-kәl) a small, discrete globular mass of cementum in the region of a tooth root.

cementifying fibroma
a type of cementoma usually found in the mandible of older persons, consisting of fibroblastic tissue containing masses of cementum-like tissue.

cementoblast
(sә-men´to-blast) a large cuboidal cell, found between fibers on the surface of cementum, which is active in the formation of cementum.

cementoblastoma
(sә-men″to-blas-to´mә) a rare, benign odontogenic tumor arising from the cementum and presenting as a proliferating mass contiguous with a tooth root, particularly that of a mandibular molar. Patients are generally asymptomatic, although cortical expansion and pain can occur.

cementoclasia
(sә-men″to-kla´zhә) disintegration of the cementum of a tooth.

cementocyte
(sә-men´to-sīt) a cell found in lacunae of cellular cementum, frequently having long processes radiating from the cell body toward the periodontal surface of the cementum.

cementoenamel junction
the line at which the cementum covering the root of a tooth meets the enamel covering the crown.

cementogenesis
(sә-men″to-jen´ә-sis) development of cementum on the root dentin of a tooth.

cementoma
(se″mәn-to´mә) any of a variety of benign cementum-producing odontogenic tumors, such as cementoblastomas and cementifying fibromas.

cementosis
(se″mәn-to´sis) proliferation of cementum.

cementum
(sә-men´tәm) the bonelike connective tissue covering the root of a tooth and assisting in tooth support.

cenesthesia
(se″nes-the´zhә) the general sense of normal functioning of body organs. Called also somesthesia, somatesthesia, and somatognosis. adj., cenesthe´sic, cenesthet´ic., adj.

cenosite
(se´no-sīt) coinosite.

censor
(sen´sәr) Freud's term for the mental faculty that guards the border between the unconscious and preconscious, using defense mechanisms and other means to prevent unconscious thoughts and wishes from coming into consciousness unless they are disguised, as in dreams or fantasies.

censorship
(sen´sәr-ship) the action of the censor.

center
(sen´tәr) a point from which a process starts, such as a plexus or ganglion that gives off nerves that control a function. nerve center. adj., cen´tral., adj.

centigrade
(sen´tĭ-grād) having 100 gradations (steps or degrees); see also Celsius scale.

centigrade scale
one with 100 gradations or steps between two fixed points, as the Celsius scale.

centigrade thermometer
one having the interval between two established reference points divided into 100 equal units, such as the Celsius thermometer.

centigray
(cGy) (sen´tĭ-gra″) a unit of absorbed radiation dose equal to one hundredth (10−2) of a gray, or 1 rad.

centimeter
(cm) (sen´tĭ-me″tәr) one hundredth (10−2) of a meter. cubic centimeter(cm3) (cc) a unit of capacity, being that of a cube each side of which measures 1 cm; equal to 1 mL.

centimeter-gram-second system
(CGS) (cgs) a system of measurements in which the units are based on the centimeter as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of mass, and the second as the unit of time.

centimorgan
(sen″tĭ-mor´gәn) the unit of distance on a genetic map; the map distance between adjacent loci, expressed in centimorgans, is equal to the recombination frequency, expressed as a percentage.

centrad
(sen´trad) toward a center.

central
(sen´trәl) pertaining to a center; located at the midpoint.

central apnea
central sleep apnea.

central artery of retina
origin, ophthalmic artery; branches, superior and inferior nasal, and superior and inferior temporal; distribution, runs within the dural sheath and then pierces and runs within optic nerve to retina.

central bone
an accessory bone sometimes found on the back of the carpus.

central cord syndrome
injury to the central portion of the cervical spinal cord resulting in disproportionately more weakness or paralysis in the upper limbs than in the lower; pathological change is caused by hemorrhage or edema.

central core disease
an autosomal dominant form of myopathy characterized by dense, amorphous hyaline changes in the central portion of the myofibrils, which lack organelles. Onset is in infancy and causes delayed motor development, especially in the lower limbs. Called also Shy-Magee syndrome.

central diabetes insipidus
a metabolic disorder due to injury of the neurohypophyseal system, which results in deficient production or release of vasopressin, leading to failure of reabsorption of water in the renal tubules. This allows passage of a large amount of diluted urine, and great thirst; it is often accompanied by a voracious appetite, loss of streng...

Central European encephalitis
the milder form of tick-borne encephalitis, first noted in Central Europe.

Central European encephalitis virus
a species of tick-borne viruses of the genus Flavivirus that includes the agents of Central European encephalitis and Russian spring-summer encephalitis.

central fever
sustained fever resulting from damage to the thermoregulatory centers of the hypothalamus.

central fissure
fissure of Rolando.

central giant cell granuloma
central giant cell reparative granuloma a lesion of the jaws composed of a spindle cell stroma punctuated by multinucleate giant cells, considered by most to be a central lesion of the bone of the jaws, presenting an inflammatory reaction to injury or hemorrhage. Some, however, consider it to be a giant cell tumor occurrin...

central hearing loss
a rare subtype of sensorineural hearing loss seen when there is a pathologic condition above the junction of the vestibulocochlear nerve and the brainstem. Causes include brain tumors, vascular changes that suddenly cut off the blood supply to the inner ear, stroke syndrome, and erythroblastosis fetalis.

central herniation
descending transtentorial herniation of the brainstem and diencephalon, causing Cheyne-Stokes respirations with pinpoint nonreactive pupils.

central lesion
any lesion of the central nervous system.

central necrosis
necrosis affecting the central portion of an affected bone, cell, or lobule of the liver.

central nervous system
the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

central neuron
a neuron that is entirely within the central nervous system.

central occlusion
centric occlusion occlusion of the teeth when the mandible is in centric relation to the maxilla, with full occlusal surface contact of the upper and lower teeth in habitual occlusion.

central odontogenic fibroma
a rare, benign, unencapsulated, odontogenic tumor of the jaw, usually the mandible, characterized by islands of odontogenic epithelium within fibrous connective tissue and sometimes by calcifications.

central paralysis
paralysis due to a lesion of the brain or spinal cord, which usually limits the movement of an entire limb. The most common types are hemiplegia (in which one entire side of the body is affected) and paraplegia (in which both legs and sometimes the trunk are affected). The tone of muscles is increased, which causes spasticity. ...

central pneumonia
a type of lobar pneumonia that begins in the hilum of a lobe of the lung. Called also core pneumonia.

central retinal artery
central artery of retina.

central scotoma
an area of depressed vision corresponding with the fixation point and interfering with or abolishing central vision.

central serous retinopathy
a usually self-limiting condition marked by acute localized detachment of the neural retina or retinal pigment epithelium in the region of the macula, with hypermetropia.

central sleep apnea
central sleep apnea syndrome sleep apnea resulting from failure of stimulation by the respiratory centers in the medulla; both hereditary varieties and varieties accompanying other brain stem disorders have been observed.

central stimulant
a stimulant of the central nervous system.

central sulcus of cerebrum
fissure of Rolando.

central vein of retina
the vein that is formed by union of the retinal veins; it passes out of the eyeball in the optic nerve to empty into the superior ophthalmic vein.

central vein of suprarenal gland
the large single vein into which the various veins within the substance of the suprarenal gland empty, and which continues at the hilum as the suprarenal vein.

central veins of liver
veins in the middle of the hepatic lobules, draining into the hepatic vein.

central venous catheter
a long, fine catheter inserted through a large vein into the superior vena cava or right atrium to administer parenteral fluids (as in parenteral nutrition), antibiotics, or other therapeutic agents; it can also be used for measurement of central venous pressure and for temporary hemodialysis. See also central venous catheteriz...

central venous pressure
(CVP) the pressure of blood in the right atrium; measurement can be done by insertion of a catheter through the median cubital vein to the superior vena cava with its distal end attached to a manometer (or transducer and monitor) on which readings can be made of the amount of pressure exerted by the blood inside the rig...

central vertigo
that due to disorder of the central nervous system.

central vision
that produced by stimulation of receptors in the fovea centralis.

central zone
a cone-shaped area of the prostate composed mainly of stromal cells, found deep to the peripheral zone and extending from there to the base of the prostate.

centrencephalic
(sen″trәn-sә-fal´ik) pertaining to the center of the encephalon.

centrencephalic system
the neurons in the central core of the brainstem from the thalamus to the medulla oblongata, connecting the cerebral hemispheres.

centriacinar emphysema
centrilobular emphysema focal dilatations of respiratory bronchioles rather than alveoli, throughout the lung among normal lung tissue.

centric
(sen´trik) central.

centric position
the rest position of the mandible, as it is influenced by the muscle tone, while the patient remains standing or is sitting with jaw open, from which the teeth will come into centric occlusion when the jaw is closed.

centric relation
centric jaw relation the position of the mandible in which the condyles are in the rearmost uppermost position in the fossae of the temporomandibular joint. Called also terminal hinge position.

centriciput
(sәn-tris´ĭ-pәt) the central part of the upper surface of the head, located between the occiput and sinciput.

centrifugal
(sen-trif´ә-gәl) moving away from a center. efferent (def. 1).

centrifugal nerve
efferent nerve.

centrifugate
(sәn-trif´u-gāt) material subjected to centrifugation.

centrifugation
(sen-trif″u-ga´shәn) the process of separating lighter portions of a solution, mixture, or suspension from the heavier portions by centrifugal force.

centrifuge
(sen´trĭ-fūj) to rotate, in a suitable container, at extremely high speed, to cause the deposition of solids in solution. a laboratory device for subjecting substances in solution to relative centrifugal force up to 25,000 times gravity.

centrilobular
(sen″trĭ-lob´u-lәr) pertaining to the central portion of a lobule.

centripetal
(sәn-trip´ә-tәl) moving towards a center. afferent (def. 1).

centripetal nerve
afferent nerve.

centroacinar cells
the beginnings of the intralobular duct system of the pancreas within the pancreatic acini.

centrocapsular paralysis
that due to lesions of the internal capsule.

centrocecal scotoma
a horizontal oval defect in the visual field situated between and embracing both the fixation point and the blind spot.

centrocytic lymphoma
mantle cell lymphoma.

centromere
(sen´tro-mēr) the region of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division. adj., centromer´ic., adj. Position of the centromere in (A) metacentric; (B) submetacentric; (C) acrocentric; and...

centronuclear myopathy
myotubular myopathy.

centroposterior syndrome
syringomyelia.

centrosclerosis
(sen″tro-sklә-ro´sis) osteosclerosis of the marrow cavity of a bone.

centrosome
(sen´tro-sōm) a specialized area of condensed cytoplasm containing the centrioles and playing an important part in mitosis.

centrosphere
(sen´tro-sfēr) centrosome.

centrum
(sen´trәm) pl. cen´tra Latin word meaning center. the body of a vertebra.

CEP
congenital erythropoietic porphyria.

cephalad
(sef´ә-lad) toward the head; cranially.

cephaledema
(sef″әl-ә-de´mә) edema of the head.

cephalexin
(sef″ә-lek´sin) a semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, effective against a wide range of gram-positive and a limited number of gram-negative bacteria; administered orally as the base or the hydrochloride salt in the treatment of tonsillitis, otitis media, and infections of the genitourin...

cephalhematocele
(sef″әl-he-mat´o-sēl) a hematocele under the pericranium, communicating with the sinuses of the dura mater.

cephalhematoma
(sef″әl-he″mә-to´mә) a localized effusion of blood beneath the periosteum of the skull of a newborn, due to disruption of the vessels during birth. Cephalhematoma, in contrast to caput succedaneum, does not cross cranial suture lines. It is firmer to the touch than an edematous area: it fee...

cephalic
(sә-fal´ik) pertaining to the head, or to the head end of the body.

cephalic flexure
the curve in the midbrain (mesencephalon) of the embryo.

cephalic pole
the end of the fetal ellipse at which the head of the fetus is situated.