Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Custer cells
cells with long delicate protoplasmic processes replacing the lymphoid tissue of lymph nodes in reticuloendothelial disease.

cutaneous
(ku-ta´ne-әs) pertaining to the skin.

cutaneous adnexal tumors
cutaneous appendage tumors adnexal t's.

cutaneous amyloidosis
amyloidosis localized to the skin, usually with itching; it may be a primary condition or part of a secondary amyloidosis.

cutaneous anthrax
anthrax due to lodgment of the causative organisms in wounds or abrasions of the skin, producing a black crusted pustule on a broad zone of edema.

cutaneous diphtheria
a form of diphtheria involving the skin, occurring as a primary infection, usually seen in warm climates, characterized by a nonhealing, punched-out ulcer with a rolled border, surrounded by a zone of erythema, and sometimes covered by a hard, adherent membrane; or as a secondary infection of a preexisting lesion (burn, a...

cutaneous fungus
dermatophyte.

cutaneous horn
a horny mound or area on the skin, commonly on the face or scalp; it often lies over premalignant or malignant lesions.

cutaneous larva migrans
a convoluted threadlike skin eruption that appears to migrate, caused by the burrowing beneath the skin of roundworm larvae, particularly of the species Ancylostoma; similar lesions are caused by the larvae of botflies. Called also creeping eruption.

cutaneous leishmaniasis
a protozoal infection endemic in hot regions of the world, transmitted by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus; the principle symptom is skin papules that evolve into nodules, break down to form ulcers, and heal with scarring. It has been divided into Old World and New World forms, and the Old World form is subdivided into an urb...

cutaneous lupus erythematosus
one of the two main types of lupus erythematosus; it may involve only the skin or may precede involvement of other body systems. A common classification divides it into three groups: the chronic types (including discoid lupus and lupus erythematosus profundus); the subacute types (such as neonatal lupus); and an acute type with...

cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia
a group of benign cutaneous disorders characterized by accumulations of large numbers of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the skin. When multiple, they may resemble malignant lymphoma, although some may regress, sometimes with recurrences. They may be reactions to allergy hyposensitization injections, insect bites, light, trauma,...

cutaneous muscle
striated muscle that inserts into the skin.

cutaneous nerve
any mixed peripheral nerve that supplies a region of the skin.

cutaneous pupillary reflex
ciliospinal reflex.

cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
a group of lymphomas exhibiting both clonal expansion of malignant T lymphocytes and malignant infiltration of the skin. The lymphocytes are arrested at varying stages of differentiation into helper cells, and the skin infiltration is often the chief or only manifestation of disease. Two common types are mycosis fungoides and S...

cutaneous tuberculosis
a type affecting the skin, which may be from an external source (such as autoinoculation), from direct extension of an existing infection, or from spread through lymphatic or blood vessels. It can present with any of numerous clinical expressions, including lupus vulgaris, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, scrofuloderma, or papulon...

cutaneous vein
one of the small veins that begin in the papillae of the skin, form subpapillary plexuses, and open into the subcutaneous veins.

cutdown
(kut´doun) creation of a small incised opening, especially in a vein (venous cutdown) for venipuncture and venous access.

cuticle
(ku´tĭ-kәl) a layer of more or less solid substance covering the free surface of an epithelial cell. the narrow band of epidermis extending from the nail wall onto the nail surface; called also eponychium and perionychium.

cutireaction
(ku″tĭ-re-ak´shәn) an inflammatory or irritative reaction of the skin, occurring in certain infectious diseases, or on application or injection of a preparation of the organism causing the disease.

cutis
(ku´tis) skin.

cutis anserina
(ku´tis an-sә-ri´nә) goose flesh.

cutis graft
dermal graft.

cutis hyperelastica
(ku´tis hi″pәr-e-las´tĭ-kә) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

cutis laxa
(ku´tis lak´sә) a group of connective tissue disorders in which the skin hangs in loose pendulous folds, believed to be associated with decreased elastic tissue formation and an abnormality in elastin formation. It usually is hereditary, but there is also a rare acquired form.

cutis marmorata
(ku´tis mahr″mә-ra´tә) transient livedo reticularis occurring as a normal response to cold.

cutis rhomboidalis nuchae
(ku´tis rom″boi-da´lis noo´ke) thickening of the skin of the neck with accentuation of its markings, giving an appearance of diamond-shaped plaques.

cutis verticis gyrata
(ku´tis vur´tĭ-sis ji-ra´tә) enlargement and thickening of the skin of the scalp, forming folds and furrows.

cuvette
(ku-vet´) a glass container generally having well-defined characteristics (dimensions, optical properties), used to contain solutions or suspensions for study.

CVA
cerebral vascular accident; costovertebral angle.

CVID
common variable immunodeficiency.

CVP
central venous pressure.

Cx
complaints.

cyanhemoglobin
(si″an-he´mo-glo″bin) a compound formed by the combination of hydrogen cyanide with hemoglobin; it gives the bright red color to the blood that is seen in cyanide poisoning.

cyanide
(si´ә-nīd) a binary compound containing the radical CN— (cyanogen); since cyanide prevents tissue use of oxygen, most of its compounds are deadly poisons. Some inorganic compounds, such as cyanide salts, potassium cyanide, and sodium cyanide, are important in industry for extracting gold and silve...

cyanide poisoning
poisoning by cyanide or one of its compounds; most cyanide compounds are deadly poisons. Characteristics include nausea without vomiting, dizziness, convulsions, opisthotonos, and death from respiratory paralysis.

cyanmethemoglobin
(si″an-met-he´mo-glo″bin) a tightly bound complex of methemoglobin with the cyanide ion. The standard method of hemoglobinometry (measuring hemoglobin content) is determination of the amount of this compound after it is produced quantitatively from oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, or methem...

cyanmetmyoglobin
(si″an-met-mi´o-glo″bin) a compound formed from metmyoglobin by addition of the cyanide ion.

Cyanobacteria
(si″ә-no-bak-tēr´e-ә) the blue-green bacteria (formerly called blue-green algae), a subgroup of the kingdom Procaryotae, unicellular or filamentous phototrophic organisms that use water as an electron donor and produce oxygen in the presence of light. They are the only organisms that fix both carb...

cyanocobalamin
(si″ә-no″ko-bal´ә-min) vitamin B12. cyanocobalamin Co 57 a radiopharmaceutical used in the Schilling test for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia.

cyanopsia
(si″ә-nop´se-ә) a chromatopsia in which objects appear tinged with blue.

cyanosed
(si´ә-nōzd) cyanotic.

cyanosis
(si″ә-no´sis) a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive concentration of reduced hemoglobin in the blood. adj., cyanot´ic., adj. central cyanosis that due to arterial unsaturation, the aortic blood carrying reduced hemoglobin. ...

cyanotic induration
hardening of an organ from chronic venous congestion.

cybernetics
(si″bәr-net´iks) the science of communication and control in the animal and in the machine.

Cybex
(si´beks) trademark name for pieces of equipment used for isokinetic resistive exercises.

cyclacillin
(si″klә-sil´in) a semisynthetic penicillin of the ampicillin class used in the treatment of infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin structures due to susceptible organisms.

cyclamate
(si´klә-māt) a non-nutritive sweetener; nonprescription use of this substance in the United States was banned when animal testing showed that it may be carcinogenic.

cyclarthrosis
(sik″lahr-thro´sis) a pivot joint.

cyclase
(si´klās) an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a cyclic phosphodiester.

cycle
(si´kәl) a succession or recurring series of events.

cycle ergometer test
bicycle ergometer exercise test.

cyclectomy
(sik-lek´tә-me) excision of a piece of the ciliary body. excision of a portion of the ciliary border of the eyelid.

cyclic
(sik´lik) (si´klik) pertaining to or occurring in a cycle or cycles. The term is applied to chemical compounds that contain a ring of atoms in the nucleus.

cyclic AMP
cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

cyclic GMP
cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

cyclic neutropenia
a chronic form marked by regular, periodic episodic recurrences, associated with malaise, fever, stomatitis, and various infections. Called also periodic neutropenia.

cyclic vomiting
recurring attacks of vomiting, usually seen in children.

cyclic vomiting syndrome
cyclic vomiting.

cyclicotomy
(sik″lĭ-kot´ә-me) cyclotomy.

cycling
(si´kling) the ending of an inspiratory phase of mechanical ventilation. flow cycling the delivery of gas under positive pressure during inspiration until flow drops to a specified terminal level. pressure cycling the delivery of gas under positive pressure...

cyclitis
(sik-li´tis) inflammation of the ciliary body.

cyclobenzaprine
(si″klo-ben´zә-prēn) a skeletal muscle relaxant used to relieve painful muscle spasms, administered orally.

cyclochoroiditis
(si″klo-kor″oid-i´tis) inflammation of the ciliary body and choroid.

cyclocryotherapy
(si″klo-kri″o-ther´ә-pe) freezing of the ciliary body; done in the treatment of glaucoma.

cyclodialysis
(si″klo-di-al´ә-sis) creation of a communication between the anterior chamber of the eye and the suprachoroidal space, in glaucoma.

cyclodiathermy
(si″klo-di´ә-thur″me) destruction of a portion of the ciliary body by diathermy.

cyclokeratitis
(si″klo-ker″ә-ti´tis) inflammation of the cornea and ciliary body.

cyclooxygenase
(si″klo-ok´sә-jәn-ās) an activity of the enzyme prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase.

cyclophoria
(si″klo-for´e-ә) heterophoria in which there is deviation of the visual axis of one eye from the anteroposterior axis in the absence of visual fusional stimuli.

cyclophosphamide
(si″klo-fos´fә-mīd) a cytotoxic alkylating agent, one of the nitrogen mustards, used in antineoplastic therapy for a wide variety of conditions, often in combination with other agents; also used as an immunosuppressant to prevent transplant rejection and in the treatment of certain diseases with abnormal immu...

cyclopia
(si-klo´pe-ә) a developmental anomaly characterized by a single orbital fossa, with the globe absent or rudimentary, apparently normal, or duplicated, or the nose absent or present as a tubular appendix located above the orbit.

cycloplegia
(si″klo-ple´je-ә) paralysis of the ciliary muscle; paralysis of accommodation.

cycloplegic
(si″klo-ple´jik) pertaining to, characterized by, or causing cycloplegia. an agent that produces cycloplegia.

cycloplegic refraction
a type of static refraction, measured after lens accommodation is paralyzed by administration of cycloplegic eye drops.

cyclopropane
(si″klo-pro´pān) a colorless, flammable gas with a characteristic odor and pungent taste that is an inhalational anesthetic; now little used because of its flammability.

Cyclops
(si´klops) a genus of minute crustaceans, species of which act as hosts of Diphyllobothrium and Dracunculus.

cyclops
(si´klops) a malformed fetus exhibiting cyclopia. Called also monops and monophthalmus.

cycloserine
(si″klo-ser´ēn) an antibiotic elaborated by Streptomyces orchidaceus or produced synthetically, used as a tuberculostatic and in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

cyclosis
(si-klo´sis) movement of the cytoplasm within a cell, without external deformation of the cell wall.

cyclosporin A
(si″klo-spor´in) cyclosporine.

cyclosporine
(si″klo-spor´ēn) a cyclic peptide from an extract of soil fungi, an inhibitor of t cell function; used as an immunosuppressant to prevent and treat rejection in organ transplant recipients and to treat severe psoriasis and as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; it is also also administered topically to the conj...

cyclothymia
(si″klo-thi´me-ә) cyclothymic disorder.

cyclothymic
(si″klo-thi´mik) pertaining to or characterized by cyclothymia.

cyclothymic disorder
a mood disorder characterized by numerous alternating short cycles of hypomanic and depressive periods with symptoms like those of manic and major depressive episodes but of lesser severity.

cyclothymic personality
a temperament characterized by rapid, frequent swings between sad and cheerful moods; see also cyclothymic disorder.

cyclotomy
(si-klot´ә-me) incision of the ciliary muscle; cyclicotomy.

cyclotron
(si´klo-tron) an apparatus for accelerating charged particles (such as protons and ions) to high energies by a combination of a constant magnet and an oscillating electric field.

cyclotropia
(si″klo-tro´pe-ә) strabismus in which there is permanent deviation of the eye around the anteroposterior axis in the presence of visual fusional stimuli, resulting in diplopia.

cycrimine
(si´krĭ-mēn) an anticholinergic used as the hydrochloride salt in the treatment of parkinsonism.

cylindric cell
cylindrical cell columnar cell.

cylindrical bronchiectasis
a type in which large sections of the bronchi are widened.

cylindrical cell carcinoma
carcinoma in which the cells are cylindrical or nearly so.

cylindrical lens
one with at least one nonspherical surface, used to correct astigmatism.

cylindroid
(sil´in-droid) shaped like a cylinder. a type of urinary cast that tapers to a slender, sometimes twisted or curled, tail.

cylindroid aneurysm
the uniform dilatation of a considerable part of an artery; called also tubular aneurysm.

cylindroma
(sil″in-dro´mә) adenocystic carcinoma. a benign adnexal tumor, usually on the face and scalp, consisting of cylindrical masses of epithelial cells surrounded by a thick band of hyaline material. Some authorities consider this to always be a type of trichoepithelioma. adj., cylindrom´atous., adj...

cylindruria
(sil″in-droo´re-ә) the presence of casts in the urine; see urinary cast.

cymbocephaly
(sim″bo-sef´ә-le) scaphocephaly.