Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

dacryolithiasis
(dak″re-o-lĭ-thi´ә-sis) the presence of dacryoliths.

dacryoma
(dak″re-o´mә) a tumorlike swelling due to obstruction of the lacrimal duct.

dacryon
(dak´re-on) the point where the lacrimal, frontal, and upper maxillary bones meet.

dacryops
(dak´re-ops) distention of a lacrimal duct by fluid.

dacryopyorrhea
(dak″re-o-pi″o-re´ә) the discharge of tears mixed with pus.

dacryopyosis
(dak″re-o-pi-o´sis) production of pus in the lacrimal apparatus.

dacryorrhea
(dak″re-o-re´ә) excessive flow of tears.

dacryoscintigraphy
(dak″re-o-sin-tig´rә-fe) scintigraphy of the lacrimal ducts.

dacryosolenitis
(dak″re-o″so-lә-ni´tis) inflammation of a lacrimal duct.

dacryostenosis
(dak″re-o-stә-no´sis) stricture or narrowing of a lacrimal duct.

dacryosyrinx
(dak″re-o-sir´inks) a lacrimal fistula. a syringe for irrigating the lacrimal ducts.

dactinomycin
(dak″tĭ-no-mi´sin) an antitumor antibiotic of the actinomycin complex (actinomycin D), produced by Streptomyces parvulus. Used to treat rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms tumor in children, as well as Ewing sarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, soft tissue sarcomas, testicular carcinoma, and choriocarcinoma.

dactyl
(dak´tәl) digit.

dactylitis
(dak″tә-li´tis) inflammation of a finger or toe.

dactylography
(dak″tә-log´rә-fe) the study of fingerprints.

dactylogryposis
(dak″tә-lo-grĭ-po´sis) permanent flexion of the fingers.

dactylology
(dak″tә-lol´ә-je) signing.

dactylolysis
(dak″tә-lol´ĭ-sis) surgical correction of syndactyly. loss or amputation of a finger or toe.

dactylomegaly
(dak″tә-lo-meg´ә-le) megalodactyly.

dactyloscopy
(dak″tә-los´kә-pe) examination of fingerprints for identification.

DAF
decay accelerating factor.

Dakin solution
(da´kin) an aqueous solution containing sodium hypochlorite and sodium bicarbonate; used as a local antibacterial and formerly to irrigate wounds.

dalfopristin
(dal-fo´pris-tin) a semisynthetic antibacterial effective against a variety of gram-positive organisms. It is used in conjunction with quinupristin in the treatment of serious bacteremia caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or m...

Dalmane
(dal´mān) trademark for a preparation of flurazepam hydrochloride, a sedative and hypnotic.

Dalrymple disease
(dal´rim-pәl) cyclokeratitis.

Dalrymple sign
(dal´rim-pәl) abnormal wideness of the palpebral opening in Graves disease.

dalteparin
(dal-tep´ә-rin) an agent used as the sodium salt for prevention of pulmonary thromboembolism and deep venous thrombosis in at-risk abdominal surgery patients.

dalton
(D) (Da) (dawl´tәn) an arbitrary unit of mass, being 1/12 the mass of the nuclide of carbon-12, equivalent to 1.657 × 10−24 g. Called also atomic mass unit.

Dalton's law
(dawl´tәnz) the pressure exerted by a mixture of nonreacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the separate components; it holds true only at very low pressures.

daltonism
(dawl´tәn-iz-әm) red-green color blindness.

dam
(dam) a barrier to obstruct the flow of water or other fluid. rubber dam. dental dam , rubber dam a sheet of thin latex rubber used by dentists to isolate a tooth or teeth from the fluids of the mouth during dental treatment, held in place by a clam...

damping
(damp´ing) steady diminution of the amplitude of successive vibrations of a specific form of energy, as of electricity.

danaparoid
(dә-nap´ә-roid) an agent used as the sodium salt in prophylaxis of pulmonary thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis.

danazol
(dan´ә-zol) a synthetic androgen that suppresses the ovarian-pituitary axis by inhibiting the release of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland; administered orally for treatment of endometriosis, fibrocystic disease of the breast, hereditary angioedema, and gynecomastia.

Danbolt-Closs syndrome
(dahn´bōlt klos´) enteropathic acrodermatitis.

dance therapy
dance/movement therapy the therapeutic use of movement in the treatment of a variety of social, emotional, cognitive, and physical disorders.

dander
(dan´dәr) small scales from the hair or feathers of animals, which may be a cause of allergy in sensitive persons.

dandruff
(dan´drәf) a scaly material shed from the scalp; applied to that normally shed from the scalp epidermis as well as to the excessive scaly material associated with disease. The condition may spread unless checked and in rare cases may extend to the eyebrows, ears, nose, and neck, causing a reddening of the sk...

dandy fever
dengue.

Dandy operation
trigeminal rhizotomy using an approach through the posterior cranial fossa.

Dandy-Walker syndrome
(dan´de wawk´er) congenital hydrocephalus due to obstruction of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka.

danger space
a subdivision of the retropharyngeal space, extending from the base of the skull to the level of the diaphragm; so called because it provides a route by which infection of the pharynx can spread to the mediastinum.

dangle foot
drop foot a condition in which the foot hangs in a plantar-flexed position, due to lesion of the peroneal nerve. plantar flexion of the foot associated with immobility and weakness of the lower limbs. Proper positioning and range of motion exercises may help prevent this complication of immobility.

Danocrine
(dan´o-krin) trademark for a preparation of danazol, an anterior pituitary suppressant used for treatment of endometriosis, fibrocystic disease of the breast, hereditary angioedema, and gynecomastia.

dantrolene
(dan´tro-lēn) a skeletal muscle relaxant, used as the sodium salt, administered orally as an antispasmodic in conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy; it is also used orally or intravenously for prevention and treatment of malignant hyperthermia.

Danysz phenomenon
decrease of the neutralizing influence of an antitoxin when a toxin is added to it in divided portions instead of all at once.

dapiprazole
(dә-pip´rә-zōl) an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent used topically to the conjunctiva as the hydrochloride salt to reverse pharmacologically-induced mydriasis.

dapsone
(dap´sōn) an antibacterial used in treatment of leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis and for prophylaxis of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Called also DDS.

Daranide
(dar´ә-nīd) trademark for a preparation of dichlorphenamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used in treatment of glaucoma.

Darier disease
(dah-rya´) Darier-White disease keratosis follicularis.

Darier sign
urtication and itching occurring on rubbing the lesions of urticaria pigmentosa.

dark adaptation
adaptation of the eye to vision in the dark or in reduced illumination.

dark cells
intercalated cells.

dark-adaptation test
(for vitamin A deficiency) a test based on the fact that with a deficient intake of vitamin A the ability to see a dimly illuminated object in a dark room is diminished.

darkfield microscope
one so constructed that illumination is from the side of the field so that details appear light against a dark background.

darkroom test
(to determine the tendency to develop acute angle-closure glaucoma) ocular pressure is measured by an applanation tonometer, the subject is placed in a darkroom for one hour, and applanation tonometry is then repeated.

Darling disease
(dahr´ling) histoplasmosis.

dartoid
(dahr´toid) resembling the dartos.

dartos
(dahr´tos) the contractile tissue under the skin of the scrotum; called also tunica dartos.

dartos muscle
dartos: the nonstriated muscle fibers of the tunica dartos, the deeper layers of which help to form the scrotal septum.

dartos reflex
vermicular contractions of the dartos muscle when a cold or stroking stimulus is applied to the perineum; called also scrotal reflex.

Darvocet-N
(dahr´vo-set) trademark for a preparation of propoxyphene napsylate and acetaminophen, an analgesic.

Darvon
(dahr´von) trademark for preparations containing propoxyphene, an opioid analgesic.

darwinism
(dahr´win-iz-әm) the theory of evolution stating that change in a species over time is partly the result of a process of natural selection, which enables the species to continually adapt to its changing environment.

DASH diet
(Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products; low in saturated and total fats; low in cholesterol; and high in fiber. Research studies support the idea that this diet reduces blood pressure and may play a role in prevention of high blood pressure.

data
(da´tә) pieces of information, such as those collected during a study. subjective data information provided by the patient that focuses on perceptions and feelings.

daughter cell
one of the two or more cells formed by the division of a mother cell.

daughter cyst
a small parasitic cyst such as a hydatid cyst developed from the walls of a larger cyst.

daunorubicin
(daw″no-roo´bĭ-sin) an antitumor antibiotic of the anthracycline family, produced by a strain of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus and having antimitotic, cytotoxic, and immunosuppressive effects. As the hydrochloride salt it is administered intravenously in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute ...

David disease
(dah-vēd´) spinal tuberculosis.

Davidoff (Davidov) cells
Paneth cells.

Daviel operation
(dә-vēl´) extraction of a cataract through a corneal incision without cutting the iris.

Dawbarn sign
in acute subacromial bursitis, when the upper limb hangs by the side palpation over the bursa causes pain, but when it is abducted this pain disappears.

dawn phenomenon
the early morning increase in plasma glucose concentration and thus insulin requirement in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

DAy
Doctor of Ayurvedic Medicine.

day blindness
hemeralopia.

day dream
wishful, purposeless reveries, without regard to reality.

day surgery
ambulatory surgery.

day vision
visual perception in the daylight or under conditions of bright illumination.

dazzle reflex
a reflex by which a strong light shining on the eyes causes an immediate closing of the eyelids which lasts as long as the stimulus.

dB
db decibel.

DBS
deep brain stimulation.

DC
direct current; Doctor of Chiropractic.

DCC gene
(deleted in colorectal carcinoma) a gene normally expressed in the mucosa of the colon but reduced or absent in many patients with colorectal cancer.

DCIS
ductal carcinoma in situ.

DDAVP
trademark for preparations of desmopressin acetate, a synthetic analogue of vasopressin used to treat central diabetes insipidus, increased urination caused by trauma or surgery in the pituitary region, primary nocturnal enuresis, hemophilia A, and von Willebrand disease.

DDD pacemaker
an artificial cardiac pacemaker that can sense and pace both the atria and ventricles; it is capable of operating in both triggered and inhibited modes as necessary.

DDDR pacemaker
a universal pacemaker that is responsive to the patient's respiratory rate and thus to exercise and metabolic needs.

DDI pacemaker
a type of atrioventricular sequential pacemaker that delivers impulses to the atrium and ventricles on the basis of sensed ventricular and atrial activity, although the latter can only inhibit atrial impulses and cannot trigger ventricular stimulation. See also DVI pacemaker and DDD pacemaker.

DDP
cis-DDP cisplatin.

DDS
Doctor of Dental Surgery. dapsone.

DDT
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; a moderately toxic chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide, formerly widely used but now banned in the United States except for a few specialized purposes because its extremely long half-life causes ecological damage.

de Clérambault syndrome
(dә kla″rahm-bo´) erotomania.

de Lange syndrome
a congenital syndrome in which severe mental retardation is associated with many abnormalities, including short stature (Amsterdam dwarf), brachycephaly, low-set ears, webbed neck, carp mouth, depressed bridge of the nose with the end tilted up and forward-directed nostrils, bushy eyebrows meeting at the midline, unruly c...

de Morsier syndrome
septo-optic dysplasia.

de Musset sign
(dә mu-sa´) rhythmic jerky movements of the head; seen in cases of aortic aneurysm and aortic insufficiency. Called also Musset sign.

de Pezzer catheter
a self-retaining urethral catheter with a bulbous end.

de Quervain disease
(dә kār-van´) Quervain disease.

de Quervain fracture
(dә kār-van´) fracture of the navicular bone together with a volar luxation of the lunate bone.

De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome
(da sahngk´tis kah″ke-o´na) an autosomal recessive syndrome consisting of xeroderma pigmentosum associated with mental retardation, retarded growth, gonadal hypoplasia, and sometimes neurologic complications and photosensitivity.