Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

cytodistal
(si″to-dis´tәl) denoting that part of an axon remote from the cell body.

cytogenesis
(si″to-jen´ә-sis) the origin and development of the cell.

cytogenetic
(si″to-jә-net´ik) pertaining to chromosomes. pertaining to cytogenetics.

cytogenetic map
one that gives the position of gene loci relative to chromosome bands.

cytogenetics
(si″to-jә-net´iks) that branch of genetics devoted to the cellular constituents concerned in heredity (the chromosomes). clinical cytogenetics the branch of cytogenetics concerned with relations between chromosomal abnormalities and pathologic conditions.

cytogenic
(si-to-jen´ik) pertaining to cytogenesis. forming or producing cells.

cytogenic reproduction
production of a new individual from a single germ cell or zygote.

cytoglycopenia
(si″to-gli″ko-pe´ne-ә) deficient glucose content of the body or blood cells.

cytohistogenesis
(si″to-his″to-jen´ә-sis) development of the structure of cells.

cytohistology
(si″to-his-tol´ә-je) the combination of cytologic and histologic methods. adj., cytohistolog´ic., adj.

cytoid bodies
globular, shiny white structures resembling cell nuclei in size and shape, appearing in degenerated retinal nerve fibers; seen histologically in cotton-wool spots.

cytokine
(si´to-kīn) a generic term for nonantibody proteins released by one cell population on contact with specific antigen, which act as intercellular mediators, as in the generation of an immune response.

cytokinesis
(si″to-kĭ-ne´sis) the division of the cytoplasm between daughter cells in mitosis or meiosis. the final stage of cell division, following telophase, during which the cell separates at the equator into two daughter cells and the nucleolus appears.

cytologist
(si-tol´ә-jist) cell biologist.

cytology
(si-tol´ә-je) cell biology. adj., cytolog´ic., adj. aspiration biopsy cytology(ABC) the microscopic study of cells from superficial or internal lesions obtained by aspiration biopsy. exfoliative cytology microscopic examinat...

cytolysin
(si-tol´ә-sin) a substance or antibody that produces cytolysis.

cytolysis
(si-tol´ә-sis) cell lysis; the destruction of cells by rupture or disintegration of the membrane and loss of cell contents, such as that produced by viruses, antibodies and complement, or by a hypotonic environment. See also cytotoxicity. immune cytolysis cell lysis produced b...

cytolysosome
(si″to-li´so-sōm) a lysosome fused with mitochondria and other cell organelles and associated with cell autolysis. Called also autophagosome.

cytomegalic inclusion disease
any of a group of diseases caused by cytomegalovirus infection, marked by characteristic inclusion bodies in enlarged infected cells. In the fetus and infant, infection can be acquired in utero from the mother, transmitted from mother to infant in passage through the birth canal, or transmitted in the mother's milk. Most ...

Cytomegalovirus
(si″to-meg´ә-lo-vi″rәs) a genus of herpesviruses of the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, containing the single species human herpesvirus 5. It is transmitted by multiple routes and causes infection that is usually mild or symptom-free but cause cytomegalic inclusion disease.

cytomegalovirus
(CMV) (si″to-meg´ә-lo-vi″rәs) any of a subfamily of host-specific herpesviruses infecting humans, monkeys, and rodents, producing unique large cells with inclusion bodies. Opportunistic infection with this virus is common in immunocompromised individuals, causing clinical i...

cytomegalovirus disease
cytomegalic inclusion disease.

cytomegalovirus immune globulin
a purified immunoglobulin derived from pooled adult human plasma selected for high titers of antibody against cytomegalovirus; administered intravenously for treatment and prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in transplant recipients.

cytomegalovirus mononucleosis
a type of acquired cytomegalic inclusion disease that resembles infectious mononucleosis, with fever, splenomegaly, hepatic involvement, atypical lymphocytes, and a negative heterophile antibody test, but without pharyngitis or cervical adenopathy. It may occur as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised persons or after multi...

cytomegalovirus pneumonia
viral pneumonia caused by infection with a cytomegalovirus, an often fatal disease seen in immunocompromised patients; symptoms include fever, a nonproductive cough, and dyspnea.

cytomegalovirus retinitis
opportunistic infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus, seen in immunocompromised patients; symptoms include retinal necrosis and hemorrhage, leading to blindness.

cytomegaly
(si″to-meg´ә-le) abnormal enlargement of a cell or group of cells. adrenocortical cytomegaly abnormal enlargement of cells in the outer layer of the adrenal cortex.

Cytomel
(si´to-mәl) trademark for a preparation of liothyronine sodium, a thyroid hormone preparation.

cytometer
(si-tom´ә-tәr) a device for counting cells. flow cytometer an instrument used to perform flow cytometry.

cytometry
(si-tom´ә-tre) the counting of cells, especially blood cells. flow cytometry a cytometric technique in which cells suspended in a fluid flow one at a time through a focus of exciting light, which is scattered in patterns characteristic to the cells and their components; cel...

cytomorphology
(si″to-mor-fol´ә-je) the morphology of body cells.

cytomorphosis
(si″to-mor-fo´sis) the changes through which cells pass in development.

cytopathic
(si″to-path´ik) pertaining to or characterized by pathologic changes in cells.

cytopathogenesis
(si″to-path″o-jen´ә-sis) production of pathologic changes in cells. adj., cytopathogenet´ic., adj.

cytopathologic
(si″to-path″o-loj´ik) relating to cytopathology; denoting the changes in cells in disease.

cytopathological
(si″to-path″o-loj´ĭ-kәl) cytopathologic.

cytopathologist
(si″to-pә-thol´ә-jist) a specialist in cytopathology.

cytopathology
(si″to-pә-thol´ә-je) the study of cells in disease; called also cellular pathology.

cytopenia
(si″to-pe´ne-ә) deficiency in numbers of any of the blood cell elements.

cytophagy
(si-tof´ә-je) the ingestion of cells by phagocytes.

cytophilic
(si-to-fil´ik) having an affinity for cells.

cytophilic antibody
cytotropic antibody.

cytophylaxis
(si″to-fә-lak´sis) the protection of cells against cytolysis. increase in cellular activity.

cytophysiology
(si″to-fiz-e-ol´ә-je) cell physiology.

cytopipette
(si″to-pi-pet´) a pipette for taking cytological smears.

cytoplasm
(si´to-plaz″әm) the protoplasm of a cell surrounding the nucleus (nucleoplasm). adj., cytoplas´mic., adj.

cytoplasmic inheritance
inheritance of traits carried by genes not located on chromosomes of the nucleus, e.g., those of mitochondria (mitochondrial inheritance).

cytoprotectant
(si″to-pro-tek´tәnt) cytoprotective.

cytoprotective
(si″to-pro-tek´tiv) protecting cells from noxious chemicals or other stimuli. an agent that so protects; called also cytoprotectant.

cytoreduction
(si″to-re-duk´shәn) decrease in the number of cells, such as in a tumor. debulking.

cytoreductive
(si″to-rә-duk´tiv) reducing the number of cells, as in surgery for a tumor; see also debulking.

cytosine
(si´to-sēn) a pyrimidine base found in nucleic acids. cytosine arabinoside cytarabine.

cytosine test
see Wheeler and Johnson test.

cytoskeleton
(si″to-skel´ә-tәn) a conspicuous internal reinforcement in the cytoplasm of a cell, consisting of tonofibrils, filaments of the terminal web, and other microfilaments. adj., cytoskel´etal., adj.

cytosol
(si´to-sol) the liquid medium of the cytoplasm; cytoplasm minus the organelles and nonmembranous insoluble components of the cell. adj., cytosol´ic., adj.

cytosome
(si´to-sōm) the body of a cell apart from its nucleus.

cytostatic
(si″to-stat´ik) suppressing the growth and multiplication of cells. an agent that so acts.

cytotaxis
(si-to-tak´sis) the movement and arrangement of cells with respect to a specific source of stimulation. adj., cytotac´tic., adj.

cytotoxic
(si´to-tok″sik) having destructive action on cells, usually only certain types of cells; see cytotoxicity.

cytotoxic antibody
any specific antibody directed against cellular antigens, which when bound to the antigen, activates the complement pathway or activates killer cells, resulting in cell lysis.

cytotoxic edema
cerebral edema caused by hypoxic injury to brain tissue and decreased functioning of the sodium pump, so that the cellular elements take in fluid and swell.

cytotoxic T cells
cytotoxic T lymphocytes differentiated T lymphocytes, marked by CD4 and CD8 antigens, able to recognize and lyse target cells bearing specific antigens recognized by their antigen receptors. The cytotoxic activity requires firm binding of the lymphocyte to the target cell to produce holes in its plasma membrane with loss of its ...

cytotoxicity
(si″to-tok-sis´ĭ-te) the degree to which an agent has specific destructive action on certain cells. the possession of such destructive action, particularly in reference to lysis of cells by immune phenomena and to antineoplastic agents that selectively kill dividing cells. adj., cytotox´ic., adj. ...

cytotoxin
(si´to-tok″sin) a toxin having a specific toxic action on cells of special organs.

cytotrophoblast
(si″to-trof´o-blast) the cellular (inner) layer of the trophoblast.

cytotrophoblastic cells
polygonal, mononucleate cells resembling the cells of the cytotrophoblast, having prominent nucleoli and clear, eosinophilic or cyanophilous cytoplasm; one of the two cell types that compose a choriocarcinoma. Cf. syncytiotrophoblastic cells.

cytotropic antibody
any of a class of antibodies that attach to tissue cells such as mast cells and basophils to induce the release of histamine and other vasoconstrictors that are important in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In humans this antibody is known as reagin and is a member of the IgE class of immunoglobulins. Called also cytophilic anti...

cytotropism
(si-tot´ro-piz-әm) cell movement in response to external stimulation. the tendency of viruses, bacteria, drugs, and other substances to exert their effect upon certain cells of the body.

Cytoxan
(si-tok´sәn) trademark for preparations of cyclophosphamide, an antineoplastic agent.

cyturia
(si-tu´re-ә) the presence of cells of any sort in the urine.

Czerny disease
(cher´ne) periodic hydrarthrosis of the knee.

Czerny suture
an intestinal suture in which the thread is passed through the mucous membrane only. union of a ruptured tendon by splitting one of the ends and suturing the other end into the slit.

Czerny-Lembert suture
a combination of the Czerny and the Lembert sutures.

DA
dietetic assistant.

Da
symbol for dalton.

Da Costa syndrome
(dә kah´stә) a syndrome characterized by palpitation, dyspnea, a sense of fatigue, fear of effort, and discomfort brought on by exercise or sometimes even slight effort; it is considered to be a manifestation of an anxiety disorder, with the physical symptoms being a reaction to something perceived to be dan...

Daae disease
(dah´ә) epidemic pleurodynia.

DAC
decitabine.

dacarbazine
(dә-kahr´bә-zēn) a cytotoxic alkylating agent, used in antineoplastic therapy primarily for treatment of malignant melanoma and in combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin disease and sarcomas. Unlike other alkylating agents, its primary target is not DNA; its major effect is inhibition of RNA and protein synthes...

daclizumab
(dә-kliz´u-mab) an immunosuppressant used to prevent acute organ rejection in renal transplant patients; administered intravenously.

dacryoadenalgia
(dak″re-o-ad″ә-nal´jә) pain in a lacrimal gland.

dacryoadenectomy
(dak″re-o-ad″ә-nek´tә-me) excision of a lacrimal gland.

dacryoadenitis
(dak″re-o-ad″ә-ni´tis) inflammation of a lacrimal gland.

dacryoblennorrhea
(dak″re-o-blen″o-re´ә) mucous flow from the lacrimal apparatus.

dacryocele
(dak´re-o-sēl″) dacryocystocele.

dacryocyst
(dak´re-o-sist″) the lacrimal sac.

dacryocystalgia
(dak″re-o-sis-tal´jә) pain in the lacrimal sac.

dacryocystectomy
(dak″re-o-sis-tek´tә-me) excision of the wall of the lacrimal sac.

dacryocystitis
(dak″re-o-sis-ti´tis) inflammation of the lacrimal sac.

dacryocystoblennorrhea
(dak″re-o-sis″to-blen″o-re´ә) chronic catarrhal inflammation of the lacrimal sac, with constriction of the lacrimal gland.

dacryocystocele
(dak″re-o-sis´to-sēl) hernial protrusion of the lacrimal sac; called also dacryocele.

dacryocystoptosis
(dak″re-o-sis″top-to´sis) (dak″re-o-sis″to-to´sis) prolapse of the lacrimal sac.

dacryocystorhinostenosis
(dak″re-o-sis″to-ri″no-stә-no´sis) narrowing of the duct leading from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity.

dacryocystorhinostomy
(dak″re-o-sis″to-ri-nos´tә-me) surgical creation of an opening between the lacrimal sac and nasal cavity.

dacryocystorhinotomy
(dak″re-o-sis″to-ri-not´ә-me) passage of a probe through the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity.

dacryocystostenosis
(dak″re-o-sis″to-stә-no´sis) narrowing of the lacrimal sac.

dacryocystostomy
(dak″re-o-sis-tos´tә-me) surgical creation of a new opening into the lacrimal sac with drainage.

dacryocystotomy
(dak″re-o-sis-tot´ә-me) incision of the lacrimal sac and duct.

dacryohemorrhea
(dak″re-o-hem″o-re´ә) the discharge of tears mixed with blood.

dacryolith
(dak´re-o-lith″) a calculus in a tear duct.