Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Denonvilliers operation
plastic correction of a defective ala nasi by transferring a triangular flap from the adjacent side of the nose.

dens
(dens) pl. den´tes Latin word meaning tooth. a toothlike structure such as the odontoid process.

dens in dente
(dens´ in den´te) a malformed tooth caused by invagination of the crown before it is calcified, giving the appearance of a “tooth within a tooth.”

dense body
any of the small regions of increased density in the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscles to which myofilaments seem to attach; cf. attachment plaques. an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. Called also bull's eye body or bull's eye gran...

dense deposit disease
type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

dense-core cell
the smaller of the two morphological forms of bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, characterized by a dense condensation of chromatin strands, seen predominantly in cells propagated in vitro. Cf reticulate cell.

densimeter
(den-sim´ә-tәr) densitometer (def. 1).

densitometer
(den″sĭ-tom´ә-tәr) an instrument for determining density or specific gravity of a liquid. an instrument used to measure the degree of exposure (darkening) on photographic or x-ray film.

densitometry
(den″sĭ-tom´ә-tre) determination of variations in density by comparison with that of another material or with a certain standard.

density
(den´sĭ-te) the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume. the quality of being compact. the quantity of matter in a given space. the quantity of electricity in a given area, volume, or time. the degree of film blackening in an area of a photograph or radiograp...

Dent disease
(dent) tubulopathy of the proximal renal tubules with low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, hypokalemia, nephrocalcinosis, rickets, and progressive renal failure.

dental
(den´tәl) pertaining to the teeth.

dental arch
either of the curving structures formed by the crowns of the upper and lower teeth in their normal positions (or by the residual ridge after loss of the teeth); they are called the inferior dental arch (see mandibular arch) and the superior dental arch (see maxillary arch).

dental assistant
a specially trained health care worker who provides direct support to the dentist and may do procedures that do not require the professional skill and judgment of a dentist.

dental calculus
a hard, stonelike concretion, varying in color from creamy yellow to black, that forms on the teeth or dental prostheses through calcification of dental plaque; it begins as a yellowish film formed of calcium phosphate and carbonate, food particles, and other organic matter that is deposited on the teeth by the saliva. Ca...

dental caries
loss of mineral components of tooth enamel, leading to destruction of enamel and dentin and formation of holes (cavities) in the tooth. Decayed and infected teeth can cause infections throughout the body, and decayed or missing teeth can interfere with proper chewing of food, leading to nutritional deficiencies or disorders of ...

dental cast
see cast (2).

dental cavity
the carious defect (lesion) produced by destruction of enamel and dentin in a tooth.

dental ceramics
the use of porcelain and similar materials in restorative dentistry.

dental chart
a record of a patient's dental history and treatment.

dental curve
c. of occlusion.

dental cuticle
a film on the enamel and cementum of some teeth, external to the primary cuticle, with which it combines, deposited by the epithelial attachment as it migrates along the tooth.

dental dysplasia
dentoalveolar dysplasia.

dental excavation
removal of carious material from a tooth in preparation for filling.

dental follicle
the structure within the substance of the jaws enclosing a tooth before its eruption; the dental sac and its contents.

dental forceps
a forceps for the extraction of teeth.

dental geriatrics
gerodontics.

dental granuloma
periapical granuloma.

dental impaction
the blocking of a tooth by a physical barrier, such as a neighboring tooth, so that it cannot erupt. See also impacted tooth.

dental impression
an impression of the jaw and/or teeth made in a plastic material that later solidifies. It is then filled in with plaster of Paris to produce a facsimile of the structures present in the mouth.

dental inclusion
a tooth so surrounded with bony tissue that it is unable to erupt. a cyst of oral soft tissue or bone.

dental mirror
mouth m.

dental papilla
dentinal papilla the small mass of condensed mesenchyme capped by each of the enamel organs.

dental plaque
a dense, nonmineralized, highly organized biofilm of microbes, organic and inorganic material derived from the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and bacterial byproducts. It plays an important etiologic role in the development of dental caries and periodontal and gingival diseases; calcified plaque forms dental calculus.

dental plate
a plate of acrylic resin, metal, or other material that is fitted to the shape of the mouth, and serves for the support of artificial teeth.

dental plexus
either of two plexuses (inferior and superior) of nerve fibers, one from the inferior alveolar nerve, situated around the roots of the lower teeth, and the other from the superior alveolar nerve, situated around the roots of the upper teeth.

dental prosthesis
a replacement for one or more of the teeth or other oral structure, ranging from a single tooth to a complete denture. See also bridge and denture.

dental pulp
the richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue inside the pulp cavity of a tooth.

dental ridge
any linear elevation on the crown of a tooth.

dental sac
the dense fibrous layer of mesenchyme surrounding the enamel organ and dental papilla.

dental surgery
oral and maxillofacial s.

dental syringe
a small syringe used in operative dentistry, containing an anesthetic solution.

dentalgia
(den-tal´jә) toothache.

dentate
(den´tāt) notched; tooth-shaped.

dentate line
anocutaneous line.

dentate nucleus
the largest of the cerebellar nuclei, lying in the white matter of the cerebellum just lateral to the emboliform nucleus.

dentatorubral
(den-ta″to-roo´brәl) conducting or proceeding from the dentate to the red nucleus. pertaining to or including the dentate and red nuclei.

dentatorubral atrophy
dyssynergia cerebellaris progressiva.

dentia
(den´shә) a condition relating to development or eruption of the teeth. dentia praecox premature eruption of the teeth; presence of teeth in the mouth at birth. dentia tarda delayed eruption of the teeth, beyond the usual time for their appearance.

dentibuccal
(den″tĭ-buk´әl) pertaining to the cheek and teeth.

denticle
(den´tĭ-kәl) a small toothlike process. a distinct calcified mass within the pulp chamber or in the dentin of a tooth.

dentification
(den″tĭ-fĭ-ka´shәn) formation of tooth substance.

dentifrice
(den´tĭ-fris) a preparation for cleansing and polishing the teeth; some contain agents for whitening. Those containing fluoride inhibit formation of dental caries, and those containing triclosan help inhibit formation of gingivitis and plaque.

dentigerous
(den-tij´әr-әs) bearing teeth.

dentigerous cyst
an odontogenic cyst surrounding the crown of a tooth, originating after the crown is completely formed.

dentilabial
(den″tĭ-la´be-әl) pertaining to the teeth and lips.

dentilingual
(den″tĭ-ling´wәl) pertaining to the teeth and tongue.

dentin
(den´tin) the chief substance of the teeth, surrounding the tooth pulp and covered by the enamel on the crown and by cementum on the roots. adj., den´tinal., adj.

dentin cell
odontoblast.

dentinal dysplasia
an apparently hereditary disorder of dentin formation, marked by a normal appearance of coronal dentin associated with pulpal obliteration, faulty root formation, and a tendency for peripheral lesions without obvious cause. The teeth become loose and are exfoliated prematurely, probably because of the short pointed roots ...

dentinal fibrils
the minute fibers that make up the matrix of the dentin.

dentinal system
all the tubules radiating from a single pulp cavity.

dentinal tubules
the tubular structures of the teeth.

dentinocemental
(den″tĭ-no-sә-men´tәl) pertaining to the dentin and the cementum.

dentinocemental junction
the line on the root of the tooth where the dentin and the cementum meet.

dentinoenamel
(den″tĭ-no-ә-nam´әl) pertaining to the dentin and the enamel.

dentinoenamel junction
the place of meeting between dentin and enamel on the crown of a tooth.

dentinogenesis
(den″tĭ-no-jen´ә-sis) the formation of dentin. dentinogenesis imperfecta a hereditary disorder of tooth development. The teeth are discolored (ranging from bluish to brownish), the dentin is poorly formed, and there is no root canal. The enamel, however, is normal. The te...

dentinogenic
(den″tĭ-no-jen´ik) forming or producing dentin.

dentinoma
(den″tĭ-no´mә) an odontogenic tumor consisting mainly of dysplastic dentin.

dentinosteoid
(den″tĭ-nos´te-oid) osteodentinoma.

dentist
(den´tist) a person who has received a degree from an accredited school of dentistry and is licensed to practice dentistry by a state board of dental examiners. pediatric dentist a dentist specializing in pediatric dentistry.

dentistry
(den´tis-tre) that branch of the healing arts concerned with the teeth and associated structures of the oral cavity, including prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease and restoration of defective or missing teeth. the work done by a dentist, such as creation of restorations, crowns, and bridges, an...

dentition
(den-tish´әn) the teeth in the dental arch, usually referring to the natural teeth in position in the alveoli. deciduous dentition primary teeth; see tooth. mixed dentition the complement of teeth in the jaws after eruption of some of the permanent te...

dentoalveolar
(den″to-al-ve´ә-lәr) pertaining to a tooth and its alveolus.

dentoalveolar dysplasia
abnormal development of two or more teeth within one or both jaws, producing disharmonious relationships between the teeth and their immediate supporting bone and periodontal structures, and resulting in malocclusion. Called also dental dysplasia.

dentofacial
(den″to-fa´shәl) of or pertaining to the teeth and alveolar process and the face.

dentofacial zone
the entire lower part of the face; the region of the face overlying the teeth and the alveolar processes of the jaws.

dentulous
(den´tu-lәs) having natural teeth.

denture
(den´chәr) a complement of teeth, either natural or artificial; ordinarily used to designate an artificial replacement for the natural teeth and adjacent tissues.

denture base
the material in which the teeth of a denture are set and which rests on the supporting tissues when the denture is in place in the mouth.

denture foundation
the portion of the structures and tissues of the mouth available to support a denture.

denture stomatitis
inflammation of the oral mucosa seen in some patients with new dentures or with old, ill-fitting ones, caused by Candida albicans; characterized by redness, swelling, and pain of mucosa that is in contact with the denture. Called also chronic atrophic candidiasis and denture sore mouth.

denucleated
(de-noo´kle-āt″әd) deprived of the nucleus.

denudation
(den″u-da´shәn) the stripping or laying bare of any part.

Denver classification
(den´ver) the classification of human chromosomes on the basis of size and centromere position; the 23 pairs of chromosomes are classified in seven groups (A to G), in order of decreasing length. Used before it was possible to distinguish among the chromosomes of the groups.

Denver Developmental Screening test
a test for identification of infants and preschool children with developmental delay.

Denys-Drash syndrome
(den´is drash) a syndrome of male pseudohermaphroditism, nephropathy leading to renal failure, and, in most cases, Wilms tumor, caused by a genetic abnormality in the p13 region of chromosome 11.

deodorant
(de-o´dәr-әnt) destroying or masking offensive odors. an agent that so acts.

deodorize
(de-o´dәr-īz) to neutralize or absorb odor.

deodorizer
(de-o´dәr-īz″әr) deodorant (def. 2).

deorsumduction
(de-or″sәm-duk´shәn) infraduction.

deorsumversion
(de-or″sәm-vur´zhәn) infraversion (def. 1).

deossification
(de-os″ĭ-fĭ-ka´shәn) loss or removal of the mineral elements of bone.

deoxidation
(de-ok″sĭ-da´shәn) the removal of oxygen from a chemical compound.

deoxycholic acid
(de-ok″se-ko´lik) a secondary bile acid, capable of forming soluble, diffusible complexes with fatty acids, and thereby allowing for their absorption in the small intestine.

deoxygenation
(de-ok″sĭ-jәn-a´shәn) the act of depriving of oxygen.

deoxyhemoglobin
(de-ok″se-he´mo-glo″bin) hemoglobin not combined with oxygen, formed when oxyhemoglobin releases its oxygen to the tissues.

deoxyribonuclease
(DNase) (de-ok″se-ri″bo-noo´kle-ās) an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis (depolymerization) of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

deoxyribonuclease test
(for the presence of deoxyribonuclease in bacteria) a nutrient agar plate containing deoxyribonucleic acid and toluidine blue is inoculated from a young agar slant; after incubation a red zone around the inoculum indicates the presence of deoxyribonuclease. Called also DNase test.