Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

diacritic
(di″ә-krit´ik) diagnostic; distinguishing.

diadochokinesia
(di-ad″ә-ko-kĭ-ne´zhә) the function of arresting one motor impulse and substituting one that is diametrically opposite, to permit sequential alternating movements, as pronation and supination of the arm.

diagnose
(di´әg-nōs″) to identify or recognize a disease.

diagnosis
(di″әg-no´sis) determination of the nature of a cause of a disease. a concise technical description of the cause, nature, or manifestations of a condition, situation, or problem. adj., diagnos´tic., adj. clinical diagnosis diagnosis based on signs, sympt...

Diagnosis-Related Groups
(DRG) a system used in the United States for classification or grouping of patients according to medical diagnosis for purposes of paying hospitalization costs. It was hoped that the payment plan would control rising health care costs by paying a fixed amount per patient based on the premise that similar med...

diagnostician
(di″әg-nos-tish´әn) an expert in diagnosis.

diagnostics
(di″әg-nos´tiks) the science and practice of diagnosis of disease.

diakinesis
(di´ә-kĭ-ne´sis) the fifth and final stage of prophase in meiosis I, during which the chromosomes condense and shorten, the nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear, and the spindle fibers form.

dialysance
(di-al´ә-sәns) the minute rate of solute clearance through a membrane in dialysis.

dialysate
(di-al´ә-sāt) the fluid and solutes in a dialysis process that simply flow through the dialyzer and do not pass through the semipermeable membrane, being discarded along with removed toxic substances after they flow back out of the dialyzer. diffusate (def. 2).

dialysis
(di-al´ә-sis) the diffusion of solute molecules through a semipermeable membrane, normally passing from the side of higher concentration to that of lower. A semipermeable membrane is one that allows the passage of certain smaller molecules of such crystalloids as glucose and urea, but prevents passage of larger molecule...

dialysis amyloidosis
hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis.

dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome
a condition occasionally seen following overly rapid hemodialysis, characterized by increased intracranial pressure that causes nausea, headache, vomiting, restlessness, and a decreased level of consciousness. The neurological complications may lead to coma and death if not treated. The cause of this syndrome is thought t...

dialysis encephalopathy
a degenerative disease of the brain associated with longterm use of hemodialysis, marked by speech disorders and constant myoclonic jerks, progressing to global dementia.

dialyzer
(di´ә-līz″әr) an apparatus for performing dialysis. hemodialyzer.

diameter
(di-am´ә-tәr) the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting opposite points on its circumference; hence the distance between the two specified opposite points on the periphery of a structure such as the cranium or pelvis.

diamniotic
(di-am″ne-ot´ik) having or developing within separate amniotic cavities, as diamniotic twins.

diamniotic twins
twins developing within separate amniotic cavities; they may be monochorionic or dichorionic.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia
(di´ә-mond blak´fәn) Diamond-Blackfan syndrome congenital hypoplastic anemia.

Diamox
(di´ә-moks) trademark for preparations of acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used in treatment of glaucoma, epilepsy, mountain sickness, and other conditions.

diapedesis
(di″ә-pә-de´sis) the outward passage of blood cells through intact vessel walls. Called also emigration and transmigration. Diapedesis of leukocytes.

diaper dermatitis
diaper rash.

diaphanography
(di-af″ә-nog´rә-fe) transillumination of the breast, with photography of the transilluminated light on infrared-sensitive film.

diaphanoscope
(de-af´ә-no-skōp″) an instrument for transillumination of a body cavity.

diaphanoscopy
(di-af´ә-nos´kә-pe) transillumination.

diaphemetric
(di-af´ә-met´rik) pertaining to measurement of the sense of touch.

diaphoresis
(di″ә-fә-re´sis) sweating, especially of a profuse type.

diaphoretic
(di″ә-fo-ret´ik) pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting sweating. an agent that promotes sweating; called also sudorific.

diaphragm
(di´ә-fram) the musculomembranous partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. On its sides it is attached to the six lower ribs, at its front to the sternum, and at its back to the spine. The esophagus, aorta, vena cava, and numerous nerves pass through the diaphragm. When relaxed it is convex,...

diaphragm pacing
diaphragmatic pacing electrophrenic respiration.

diaphragmatic breathing
diaphragmatic respiration. a type of breathing exercise that patients are taught to promote more effective aeration of the lungs, consisting of moving the diaphragm downward during inhalation and upward with exhalation.

diaphragmatic flutter
peculiar wavelike fibrillations of the diaphragm of unknown cause.

diaphragmatic hernia
protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen through an opening in the diaphragm and into the thoracic cavity. The condition may be congenital or acquired.Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is seen in newborn babies, caused by failure of the embryonic diaphragm to fuse. The resulting opening may be large enough to permit fill...

diaphragmatic ligament
the involuting urogenital ridge that becomes the suspensory ligament of the ovary.

diaphragmatic pacemaker
electrophrenic pacemaker.

diaphragmatic paralysis
paralysis of the diaphragm, usually unilateral; called also phrenoplegia.

diaphragmatic respiration
that performed mainly by the diaphragm.

diaphragmitis
(de″ә-frag-mi´tis) phrenitis.

diaphyseal
(di″ә-fiz´e-әl) pertaining to or affecting the shaft of a long bone (diaphysis).

diaphyseal dysplasia
a condition characterized by thickening of the cortex of the mid-shaft area of the long bones, progressing toward the epiphyses, the thickening sometimes occurring also in the flat bones; excessive growth in length of bones of the extremities usually results in abnormal stature. Called also Engelmann disease.

diaphysectomy
(di″ә-fiz-ek´tә-me) excision of part of a diaphysis.

diaphysial
(di″ә-fiz´e-әl) diaphyseal.

diaphysis
(di-af´ә-sis) pl. diaph´yses the shaft of a long bone, consisting of a tube of compact bone that encloses the medullary cavity. the portion of a bone formed from a primary center of ossification.

diaphysitis
(di″ә-fiz-i´tis) inflammation of a diaphysis.

diapophysis
(di″ә-pof´ә-sis) an upper transverse process of a vertebra.

diapyesis
(di″ә-pi-e´sis) suppuration. adj., diapyet´ic., adj.

diarrhea
(di″ә-re´ә) rapid movement of fecal matter through the intestines resulting in poor absorption of water, nutritive elements, and electrolytes and producing abnormally frequent watery bowel movements. adj., diarrhe´ic, diarrhe´al., adj.

diarrheogenic
(di″ә-re″o-jen´ik) giving rise to diarrhea.

diarrheogenic syndrome
Verner-Morrison syndrome.

diarrheogenic tumor
VIPoma.

diarthric
(di-ahr´thrik) pertaining to or affecting two different joints; called also biarticular and diarticular.

diarthrodial
(di″ahr-thro´de-әl) of the nature of a diarthrosis.

diarthrodial cartilage
articular cartilage.

diarthrodial joint
synovial joint.

diarthrosis
(di″ahr-thro´sis) pl. diarthro´ses synovial joint. diarthrosis rotatoria a joint characterized by mobility in a rotary direction.

diarticular
(di″ahr-tik´u-lәr) diarthric.

diastase
(di´ә-stās) a combination of enzymes produced during germination of seeds, and contained in malt; it converts starch into maltose and then into glucose.

diastasis
(di-as´tә-sis) dislocation or separation of two normally attached bones between which there is no true joint. Diastasis of the pubic symphysis. an abnormally large separation between associated bones, as between the ribs. the rest period of the cardiac c...

diastema
(di″ә-ste´mә) pl. diaste´mata Greek word meaning space or cleft. In anatomy, it is used for the space between two adjacent teeth.

diastematocrania
(di″ә-stem″ә-to-kra´ne-ә) congenital longitudinal fissure of the cranium.

diastematomyelia
(di″ә-stem″ә-to-mi-e´le-ә) abnormal congenital division of the spinal cord by a bony spicule or fibrous band protruding from a vertebra or two, each of the halves being surrounded by a dural sac.

diastematopyelia
(di″ә-stem″ә-to-pi-e´le-ә) congenital median fissure of the pelvis.

diastereoisomerism
(di″ә-ster″e-o″i-som´әr-iz-әm) the relationship between two or more stereoisomers whose molecules are not mirror images of each other; examples are glucose and galactose and cis and transisomers.

Diastix
(di´ә-stiks) trademark for a reagent strip used for the semiquantitative determination of glucose in urine.

diastole
(di-as´to-le) the phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes between contractions; specifically, the period when the two ventricles are dilated by the blood flowing into them. See also blood pressure and heart. adj., diastol´ic., adj. electrical diastole that tim...

diastolic blood pressure
arterial blood pressure during diastole.

diastolic current of injury
the current that flows from injured to noninjured tissue during electrical diastole.

diastolic gallop
S3 gallop.

diastolic murmur
a heart murmur heard at diastole, due to mitral obstruction or to aortic or pulmonic regurgitation with forward flow across the atrioventricular valve; it has a rumbling quality.

diastolic potential
the transmembrane potential of the cell during electrical diastole.

diastolic pressure
diastolic blood pressure.

diastrophic
(di″ә-strof´ik) bent or curved; said of structures, such as bones, deformed in such manner.

diataxia
(di″ә-tak´se-ә) ataxia affecting both sides of the body.

diathermic therapy
diathermy.

diathermy
(di´ә-thur″me) the use of high-frequency electromagnetic currents as a form of physical therapy (medical diathermy) or for surgical procedures (surgical diathermy). adj., diather´mal, diather´mic., adj. medical diathermy application of currents of low tension and high...

diathesis
(di-ath´ә-sis) an unusual constitutional susceptibility or predisposition to a particular disease. adj., diathet´ic., adj.

diatomic
(di″ә-tom´ik) containing two atoms. dibasic.

diatrizoate
(di″ә-tri-zo´āt) the most commonly used water-soluble, iodinated, radiopaque x-ray contrast medium.

diazepam
(di-az´ә-pam) a benzodiazepine used primarily as an antianxiety agent, and also used as a skeletal muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, antitremor agent, antipanic agent, as preoperative or preprocedural medication to relieve anxiety and tension, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms; administered orall...

diaziquone
(AZQ) (di-a´zĭ-kwōn″) an alkylating agent that acts by cross-linking DNA; used as an antineoplastic agent in treatment of primary brain tumors.

diazotize
(di-az´o-tīz) to introduce the diazo group into a compound.

diazoxide
(di″ә-zok´sīd) a rapid-acting antihypertensive agent without diuretic activity; it has a longer duration of action than other rapid-acting antihypertensives, and is administered intravenously in treatment of malignant hypertension. It also inhibits insulin release and is therefore administered orally to...

dibasic
(di-ba´sik) containing two replaceable hydrogen atoms, or furnishing two hydrogen ions.

dibasic potassium phosphate
the dipotassium salt, K2HPO4; used alone or in combination with other phosphate compounds as an electrolyte replenisher.

dibasic sodium phosphate
a salt of phosphoric acid; used alone or in combination with other phosphate compounds, it is given intravenously as an electrolyte replenisher, orally or rectally as a laxative, and orally as a urinary acidifier and for prevention of kidney stones.

dibenz(b,f)-1,4-oxazepine
(di-ben″zok-saz´ә-pēn) CR (def. 2).

dibenzazepine
(di-ben-zaz´ә-pēn) any of a group of structurally related drugs including the tricyclic antidepressantsclomipramine, desipramine, imipramine, and trimipramine.

dibenzodiazepine
(di-ben″zo-di-az´ә-pēn) any of a class of structurally related heterocyclic drugs including the antipsychotic agentclozapine.

dibenzoxazepine
(di-ben″zok-saz´ә-pēn) any of a class of structurally related heterocyclic drugs, including the antipsychotic agentloxapine and the antidepressantamoxapine.

dibothriocephaliasis
(di-both″re-o-sef″ә-li´ә-sis) diphyllobothriasis.

Dibothriocephalus
(di-both″re-o-sef´ә-lәs) Diphyllobothrium.

dibucaine
(di´bu-kān) a potent local anesthetic applied rectally or topically to the anorectal region for treatment of hemorrhoids and other anorectal disorders, and topically to the skin in the treatment of minor skin disorders.

DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation.

dicarboxylic acid
(di-kahr-bok-sil´ik) any of various organic acids that contain two carboxyl groups, such as oxalic acid and tartaric acid.

dicentric
(di-sen´trik) pertaining to, developing from, or having two centers. having two centromeres.

dicephalous
(di-sef´ә-lәs) having two heads.

dicephalus
(di-sef´ә-lәs) a malformed fetus with two heads; called also bicephalus and derodidymus.

dichloralphenazone
(di″klor-әl-fen´ә-zōn) a complex of chloral hydrate and antipyrine (phenazone), a sedative and hypnotic used in combination with other agents for migraine and tension headache.

dichlorphenamide
(di″klor-fen´ә-mīd) a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used in the treatment of glaucoma.

dichorial
(di-kor´e-әl) dichorionic.