Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

coverglass
(kuv´әr-glas″) a thin glass that covers a mounted microscopic object or a culture; called also coverslip.

coverslip
(kuv´әr-slip″) coverglass.

cow's milk anemia
milk anemia in infants fed exclusively on cow's milk.

Cowden disease
(kou´dәn) an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation on chromosome 10q, comprising a combination of ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal anomalies; it is characterized by development of multiple hamartomatous lesions, especially in the skin, oral mucosa, breast, thyroid, colon, and intestines, and...

Cowdry type I inclusion bodies
eosinophilic nuclear inclusions composed of nucleic acid and protein, seen in cells infected with herpes simplex or varicella-zoster virus.

Cowen sign
when light is shone into one pupil, there is jerky constriction of the contralateral pupil in Graves disease.

Cowper glands
bulbourethral glands.

cowperitis
(kou″pәr-i´tis) inflammation of the bulbourethral glands (Cowper glands) in the urethral sphincter.

cowpox
(kou´poks) a mild pustular eruption affecting milk cows, usually confined to the udder and teats, caused by the cowpox virus, and transmissible to humans. In the 18th century, Edward Jenner discovered that cowpox could be transmitted to humans who milked or tended cattle, and that persons who contracted it in this way s...

cowpox virus
an orthopoxvirus that is the etiologic agent of cowpox; it is closely related to vaccinia virus.

COX-2 inhibitor
cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors a group of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs that act by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 activity; they have fewer gastrointestinal side effects than other NSAIDs. Two members of the group are celecoxib and rofecoxib.

coxa
(kok´sә) Latin word meaning hip or hip joint. coxa plana flattening of the head of the femur resulting from osteochondrosis of its epiphysis. coxa valga deformity of the hip joint with increase in the angle of inclination between the neck and shaft of...

coxalgia
(kok-sal´jә) pain in the hip; called also coxodynia. hip joint disease.

Coxiella
(kok″se-el´ә) a genus of bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae, occurring as short rods; C. burnet´ii is the causative agent of Q fever.

coxitic scoliosis
scoliosis in the lumbar region caused by hip disease.

coxitis
(kok-si´tis) inflammation of the hip joint.

coxodynia
(kok″so-din´e-ә) coxalgia (def. 2).

coxofemoral
(kok″so-fem´o-rәl) pertaining to the hip and thigh.

Coxsackie virus
coxsackievirus.

coxsackievirus
(kok-sak´e-vi″rәs) any member of a heterogeneous group of enteroviruses; in humans one species causes a disease resembling poliomyelitis but without paralysis. Called also Coxsackie virus.

CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure.

CPD
citrate phosphate dextrose; see citrate phosphate dextrose solution.

CPDA-1
citrate phosphate dextrose adenine; see citrate phosphate dextrose adenine solution.

CPI
California Personality Inventory.

cpm
counts per minute.

CPPD disease
calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease.

CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

CPS
Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties.

cps
cycles per second; see hertz.

CR
conditioned reflex (response). dibenz(b,f)-1,4-oxazepine, a common tear gas.

Cr
chromium.

crabs
(krabz) popular name for pediculosis pubis.

cracked tooth syndrome
a group of symptoms caused by presence of a cracked tooth, including pain on pressure or application of cold, with pulpitis if untreated.

crackle
(krak´әl) rale.

crackling rale
subcrepitant rale.

cradle
(kra´dәl) a frame placed over the body of a bed patient for application of heat or cold or for protecting injured parts from coming in contact with the bed clothes. Cradles vary in size according to their intended purpose and can be used over the entire body or over one or more extremities.

Crafts test
in organic disease of the pyramidal tract, stroking with a blunt point upward over the dorsal surface of the ankle, the leg being extended and the muscles relaxed, produces a dorsal extension of the great toe similar to the Babinski reflex.

cramp
(kramp) a painful spasmodic muscular contraction. heat cramp spasm accompanied by pain, weak pulse, and dilated pupils; seen in workers in intense heat. recumbency cramps cramping in the muscles of the lower limbs and feet occurring while resting or during ...

Crampton test
a test for physical resistance and condition based on the difference between the pulse and blood pressure in the recumbent position and in the standing position. A difference of 75 or more indicates good condition; one of 65 or less shows a poor condition.

craniad
(kra´ne-ad) in a cranial direction; toward the head end of the body; in humans, a synonym of superiorly.

cranial
(kra´ne-әl) pertaining to the cranium or to the head end of the body; superior.

cranial arteritis
giant cell arteritis.

cranial bones
the bones that make up the cranium, including the occipital, sphenoid, temporal, parietal, frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, and nasal bones, the inferior nasal concha, and the vomer. Some authorities also include the maxilla, zygomatic bone, and palatine bone.

cranial cavity
the space enclosed by the bones of the cranium.

cranial fossa
any one of the three hollows (anterior, middle, and posterior) in the base of the cranium for the lobes of the brain.

cranial nerves
nerves that are attached to the brain and pass through the openings of the skull. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, distributed mainly to the structures of the head and neck. The one exception is the vagus nerve, which extends downward to structures in the chest and abdomen. Some of the cranial nerves control movement, some...

cranial reflex
any reflex whose paths are connected directly with the brain.

cranial sutures
the lines of junction between the bones of the skull.

craniectomy
(kra″ne-ek´tә-me) excision of a segment of the skull.

craniobuccal pouch
craniopharyngeal pouch Rathke pouch.

craniocarpotarsal dysplasia
craniocarpotarsal dystrophy a congenital anomaly transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, consisting of characteristic flattened, masklike facies; microstomia, the lips protruding as in whistling; deep-set eyes with hypertelorism; camptodactyly with ulnar deviation of the fingers; and talipes equinovarus. Called also Fr...

craniocaudal
(kra″ne-o-kaw´dal) cephalocaudal.

craniocele
(kra´ne-o-sēl″) encephalocele.

craniocerebral
(kra″ne-o-ser´ә-brәl) pertaining to the skull and cerebrum.

craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
an autosomal recessive condition in which progressive cranial and facial hyperostosis results in significant distortion of the shape of the head.

craniodidymus
(kra″ne-o-did´ĭ-mәs) bicephalus.

craniofacial
(kra″ne-o-fa´shәl) of or pertaining to the cranium and face.

craniofacial dysostosis
an autosomal dominant condition marked by a pointed or conical skull, protruding wide-set eyes, strabismus, parrot-beaked nose, and hypoplastic maxilla with relative mandibular prognathism. Called also Crouzon disease.

craniomalacia
(kra″ne-o-mә-la´shә) abnormal softness of the bones of the skull.

craniometaphyseal dysplasia
metaphysial dysplasia associated with overgrowth of the head bones, leontiasis ossea, and hypertelorism.

craniometer
(kra″ne-om´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring the skull in craniometry. adj., craniomet´ric., adj.

craniometric point
any of numerous established points of reference for measurement of the skull.

craniometry
(kra″ne-om´ә-tre) a branch of anthropometry, being the measurement of the dimensions and angles of a bony skull.

craniopagus
(kra″ne-op´ә-gәs) conjoined twins that are joined at the skull.

craniopharyngeal
(kra″ne-o-fә-rin´je-әl) pertaining to the cranium and pharynx.

craniopharyngeal duct tumor
craniopharyngioma.

craniopharyngioma
(kra″ne-o-fә-rin″je-o´mә) a tumor arising from cell rests derived from the Rathke pouch or some other part of the pituitary gland; these often destroy the gland and cause deficits of the pituitary hormones.

cranioplasty
(kra´ne-o-plas″te) any plastic operation on the skull.

craniopuncture
(kra´ne-o-punk″chәr) puncture of the skull.

craniorachischisis
(kra″ne-o-rә-kis´kĭ-sis) congenital fissure of the skull and vertebral column.

craniosacral
(kra″ne-o-sa´krәl) pertaining to the skull and sacrum.

craniosacral therapy
a system of manipulation by light touch whose purpose is to facilitate the body's self-healing capacity by finding and correcting cerebrospinal fluid blockages and imbalances within the craniosacral system (the dura mater of the central nervous system and the cerebrospinal fluid within it) that are supposed to cause senso...

cranioschisis
(kra″ne-os´kĭ-sis) cranium bifidum.

craniosclerosis
(kra″ne-o-sklә-ro´sis) abnormal calcification and thickening of the cranial bones.

craniosinus fistula
an abnormal passage between the cerebral space and a paranasal sinus, permitting escape of cerebrospinal fluid into the nose.

craniospinal
(kra″ne-o-spi´nәl) pertaining to the skull and spine.

craniospinal sensory ganglia
sensory ganglia (def. 3).

craniostenosis
(kra″ne-o-stә-no´sis) deformity of the skull due to premature closure of the cranial sutures.

craniostosis
(kra″ne-os-to´sis) congenital ossification of the cranial sutures.

craniosynostosis
(kra″ne-o-sin″os-to´sis) premature closure of the cranial sutures, resulting in skull deformities such as oxycephaly, plagiocephaly, scaphocephaly, or trigonocephaly.

craniotabes
(kra″ne-o-ta´bēz) reduction in mineralization of the skull, with abnormal softness of the bone, usually affecting the occipital and parietal bones along the lambdoidal sutures.

craniotome
(kra´ne-o-tōm″) a cutting instrument used in craniotomy.

craniotomy
(kra″ne-ot´ә-me) any operation on the cranium. puncture of the skull and removal of its contents to decrease the size of the head of a dead fetus and facilitate delivery.

craniotympanic
(kra″ne-o-tim-pan´ik) pertaining to the skull and tympanum.

cranium
(kra´ne-әm) pl. cra´nia the large round superior part of the skull, enclosing the brain and made up of the cranial bones. cranium bifidum incomplete formation of the skull, with defective formation of the brain and often an encephalocele or meningocele. Called also craniosch...

crater
(kra´tәr) an excavated area surrounded by an elevated margin, such as is caused by ulceration.

craterization
(kra″tәr-ĭ-za´shәn) excision of bone tissue to create a crater-like depression.

cravat bandage
one made by bringing the point of a triangular bandage to the middle of the base and then folding lengthwise to the desired width.

crawl
(krawl) to move the body along the ground through a synchronized action of the hands and knees.

cream
(krēm) the fatty part of milk from which butter is prepared, or a fluid mixture of similar consistency. in pharmaceutical preparations, a semisolid dosage form being either an emulsion of oil and water or an aqueous microcrystalline dispersion of a long-chain fatty acid or alcohol.

crease
(krēs) a line or slight linear depression, such as a shallow skin furrow. flexion crease , palmar crease any of the normal skin furrows on the palm that allow flexion of the hand by separating folds of tissue. In certain congenital anomalies, there is only a...

creatinase
(kre-at´ĭ-nās) an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of creatine into urea and ammonia.

creatine
(kre´ә-tin) a nonprotein substance synthesized in the body from three amino acids: arginine, glycine (aminoacetic acid), and methionine. Creatine readily combines with phosphate to form phosphocreatine, or creatine phosphate, which is present in muscle, where it serves as the storage form of high-energy phos...

creatinemia
(kre″ә-tĭ-ne´me-ә) excessive creatine in the blood.

creatinine
(kre-at´ĭ-nin) a nitrogenous compound formed as the end product of creatine metabolism. It is formed in the muscle in relatively small amounts, passes into the blood and is excreted in the urine. A laboratory test for the creatinine level in the blood may be used as a measurement of kidney function (see creatinine ...

creatinine clearance test
a test of renal function based on the rate of creatinine clearance.

creatinine test
see specific tests, including Jaffé test (def. 1), Kerner test, Salkowski test (def. 4), Thudichum test, von Maschke test, and Weyl test (def. 1).

creatinuria
(kre″ә-tin-u´reә) increased concentration of creatine in the urine, as seen in muscular dystrophy, poliomyelitis, and various other conditions.

Credé maneuver
(krә-da´) Credé method a technique for manual expression of urine from the bladder used in bladder training for paralyzed patients: the hands are held flat against the abdomen, just below the navel. A firm downward stroke toward the bladder is repeated six or seven times, followed by pressure from both hands ...

creep
(krēp) a physical property of materials that results in progressive deformation when a constant load is applied over time; it allows soft tissues to tolerate applied loads by lengthening. to move along the ground using the arms and legs for propulsion. The trunk does not touch the ground.