Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Dupuytren fracture
Pott fracture.

Dupuytren sign
a crackling sensation on pressure over a sarcomatous bone. in congenital dislocation of the head of the femur, there is a free up-and-down movement of the head of the bone.

Dupuytren suture
a continuous Lembert suture.

dura mater
(doo´rә ma´tәr) the outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord.

dural
(doo´rәl) pertaining to the dura mater.

dural sheath
the external investment of the optic nerve.

dural sinuses
large venous channels forming an anastomosing system between the layers of the dura mater, draining the cerebral veins and some diploic and meningeal veins into the veins of the neck.

Durand-Nicolas-Favre disease
(du-rah´ ne-ko-lah´ fahv´rә) lymphogranuloma venereum.

Durante disease
(du-rahnt´) osteogenesis imperfecta.

duration tetany
a continuous tetanic contraction in response to a strong continuous current, occurring especially in degenerated muscles.

Duret hemorrhages
(du-ra´) small areas of bleeding in the midline of the brainstem and upper pons that occur when trauma causes the brainstem to be displaced downward.

Durham rule
(dldbomacr´әm) a definition of criminal responsibility from a federal appeals court case, Durham vs. United States, holding that “an accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act was the product of mental disease or mental defect.” In 1972 the same court reversed itself and adopted th...

Durham tube
a jointed tracheostomy tube.

duroarachnitis
(doo″ro-ar″ak-ni´tis) inflammation of the dura mater and arachnoid.

Duroziez disease
(du-ro″ze-a´) congenital mitral stenosis.

Duroziez murmur
Duroziez sign (du-ro″ze-a´) a double murmur during systole and diastole, palpated over the femoral or another large peripheral artery; due to aortic insufficiency.

dust
(dust) fine, dry particles of earth or any other substance small enough to be blown by the wind. See also coniosis and pneumoconiosis. blood dust hemoconia.

dust cell
alveolar macrophage.

dust-borne infection
airborne infection by inhalation of pathogens attached to particles of dust.

Dutch type periodic fever
hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome.

Dutch-Kennedy syndrome
(duch ken´ә-de) trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome.

Dutcher body
an intranuclear invagination of immunoglobulin-containing cytoplasm found in neoplastic plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells in both benign and malignant conditions.

Dutton relapsing fever
a form of tick-borne relapsing fever seen in Central and Southern Africa, caused by Borrelia duttonii.

Duvenhage virus
a virus of the genus Lyssavirus that is widely distributed in bats in Europe and Africa and causes a rabies-like disease; fatal human infection has occurred.

Duverney fracture
fracture of the ilium just below the anterior inferior spine.

Duvoid
(doo´void) trademark for preparations of bethanechol chloride, a smooth muscle relaxant used to treat urinary retention.

DVI pacemaker
a type of atrioventricular sequential pacemaker that delivers impulses to the atrium and ventricle on the basis of sensed ventricular activity only. See also DDI pacemaker and DDD pacemaker..

DVM
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.

dwarf
(dworf) an abnormally undersized person; see also dwarfism. adj., dwarfed, dwar´fish., adj.

dwarf pine needle oil
pine needle oil.

dwarfism
(dworf´iz-әm) underdevelopment of the body; the state of being a dwarf. It may be the result of a developmental anomaly, of nutritional or hormone deficiencies, or of other diseases. The size of pygmies found in some parts of the world, such as the Philippines and equatorial Africa, is not the result of dwarfism; ...

dwell time
the time that something therapeutic or diagnostic remains inside a patient's body; in peritoneal dialysis, the time needed for the dialysis solution to remain within the body in order for equilibration to be reached on the two sides of the membrane.

Dx
diagnosis.

Dy
dysprosium.

Dyazide
(di´ә-zīd) trademark for a preparation of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide, an antihypertensive agent.

dyclonine
(di´klo-nēn) a bactericidal and fungicidal local anesthetic, used topically as the hydrochloride salt.

dydrogesterone
(di″dro-jes´tәr-ōn) an orally effective, synthetic progestin used mainly in the diagnosis and treatment of primary amenorrhea and severe dysmenorrhea, and in combination with estrogen in dysfunctional menorrhagia.

dye
(di) any of various colored substances containing auxochromes and thus capable of coloring substances to which they are applied; used for staining and coloring, as test reagents, and as therapeutic agents.

dye dilution curve
an indicator dilution curve in which the indicator is a dye, usually indocyanine green.

dye dilution method
a type of indicator dilution method for assessing flow through the circulatory system, using a dye as an indicator.

dye exclusion test
for determination of cell viability in the test tube): after exposure of a cell preparation to one of the dyes trypan blue or eosin, dead cells take up the dye from the medium whereas living cells remain unstained.

dye laser
a laser with organic dye as the active medium, whose beam is in the visible light spectrum.

dyes.
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Dührssen incisions
incisions made in the cervix uteri to facilitate delivery.

Dührssen operation
(dūr´sәn) vaginal fixation of the uterus.

dying
(di´ing) a stage in life; the process of approaching death. It is sometimes divided into the stages of denial and disbelief, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome
(dīk da´vid-of mă-son´) a syndrome possibly due to injury to or severe disease affecting one side of the brain during the neonatal period, characterized by mental retardation, asymmetry of the face, and varying degrees of hemiplegia, neurological impairment, and atrophy of the side of the body contralate...

Dymelor
(di´mә-lor) trademark for a preparation of acetohexamide, an oral hypoglycemic agent.

dynamic
(di-nam´ik) pertaining to or manifesting force.

dynamic block
spinal subarachnoid block.

dynamic compliance
compliance measured while an organ is expanding or contracting; in the lung it is measured at the moment between inhalation and exhalation (when flow rate is zero) and is calculated by dividing the tidal volume by the change in pressure during an exhalation. See also static compliance.

dynamic ileus
spastic ileus.

dynamic orthosis
an orthosis that both gives support and aids in the initiation and performance of movement by a body part.

dynamic psychiatry
psychiatry based on the study of the mental mechanisms and emotional processes that govern and motivate human behavior, rather than observable behavioral phenomena.

dynamic psychology
psychology stressing the causes and motivations for behavior.

dynamic refraction
refraction of the eye during accommodation.

dynamic retinoscopy
a type in which the patient fixes the gaze on a target at a near distance; accommodation is active.

dynamic splint
dynamic orthosis.

dynamic test
one designed to test some physiologic process in the body, such as a challenge, a stimulation test, or a suppression test.

dynamics
(di-nam´iks) the scientific study of forces in action; a phase of mechanics. the motivating or driving forces, physical or moral, in any field. group dynamics the forces that underlie group interaction; the interactions among group members.

dynamograph
(di-nam´o-graf) a self-registering dynamometer.

dynamometer
(di″nә-mom´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring the force of muscular contraction.

dyne
(dīn) a unit of force, being the amount that when acting continuously upon a mass of 1 g will impart to it an acceleration of 1 cm per second per second. It is equal to 10−5newton.

dynein
(di´nēn) a protein from the microtubules of cilia and flagella, which functions as an ATP-splitting enzyme and is essential to the motility of cilia and flagella.

dynorphin
(di-nor´fin) any of a family of opioids found throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Some are probably involved in pain regulation and others in the regulation of eating and drinking.

dyphylline
(di´fәl-in) a theophylline derivative used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of bronchial asthma or bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis or emphysema.

dysacousia
(dis″ә-koo´zhә) dysacousis (dis″ә-koo´sis) dysacusis.

dysacusis
(dis″ә-koo´sis) a hearing impairment in which the loss is not measurable in decibels, as in disturbances in discrimination of speech or tone quality, pitch, or loudness. a condition in which certain sounds produce discomfort.

dysaphia
(dis-a´fe-ә) impairment of the sense of touch.

dysarthria
(dis-ahr´thre-ә) a speech disorder caused by disturbances of muscular control because of damage to the central or peripheral nervous system.

dysarthrosis
(dis″ahr-thro´sis) deformity or malformation of a joint. dysarthria.

dysautonomia
(dis″aw-to-no´me-ә) malfunction of the autonomic nervous system. familial dysautonomia Riley-Day syndrome.

dysbarism
(dis´bәr-iz-әm) any clinical syndrome caused by difference between the surrounding atmospheric pressure and the total gas pressure in the various tissues, fluids, and cavities of the body, including such conditions as barosinusitis, barotitis media, or expansion of gases in the hollow viscera.

dysbasia
(dis-ba´zhә) difficulty in walking, especially that due to a nervous lesion.

dysbetalipoproteinemia
(dis-ba″tә-lip″o-pro″te-ne´me-ә) the accumulation of abnormal low-density lipoproteins (β-lipoproteins) in the blood. familial dysbetalipoproteinemia a type of hereditary hyperlipoproteinemia in which serum β-lipoproteins are elevated.

dyscephaly
(dis-sef´ә-le) malformation of the cranium and bones of the face. adj., dyscephal´ic., adj.

dyschezia
(dis-ke´zhә) difficult or painful defecation.

dyschiria
(dis-ki´re-ә) loss of power to tell which side of the body has been touched.

dyscholia
(dis-ko´le-ә) a disordered condition of the bile.

dyschondroplasia
(dis″kon-dro-pla´zhә) enchondromatosis.

dyschromatopsia
(dis-kro″mә-top´se-ә) disorder of color vision.

dyschromia
(dis-kro´me-ә) any disorder of pigmentation of the skin or hair; called also dyspigmentation.

dyschronism
(dis-kro´niz-әm) separation in time. desynchrony.

dyscontrol
(dis″kәn-trōl´) inability to control one's behavior. See dyscontrol syndrome.

dyscontrol syndrome
(dis″kon-trōl´) a pattern of episodic, abnormal, and often violent and uncontrollable social behavior with little or no provocation; it may result from diseases of the limbic system or the temporal lobe or may accompany abuse of alcohol or other psychoactive substance.

dyscoria
(dis-kor´e-ә) abnormality in shape or form of the pupil or in the reaction of the two pupils.

dyscorticism
(dis-kor´tĭ-siz-әm) disordered functioning of the adrenal cortex.

dyscrasia
(dis-kra´zhә) a condition related to a disease or pathologic state, usually referring to an imbalance of component elements. adj., dyscrat´ic., adj. blood dyscrasia a pathologic condition of the blood, usually referring to a disorder of the cellular elements of the blood. ...

dyscrasic fracture
fracture due to weakening of the bone from debilitating disease.

dyseidetic
(dis″i-det´ik) dyslexic regarding the sight or recognition of whole words.

dysejaculation
(dis″e-jak″u-la´shәn) any failure of normal ejaculation of semen. a painful, burning sensation in the groin during semen ejaculation.

dysencephalia splanchnocystica
(dis-en″sә-fa´le-ә splank″no-sis´tĭ-kә) Meckel-Gruber syndrome.

dysentery
(dis´әn-ter″e) any of a number of disorders marked by inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, characterized by frequent and fluid diarrhea, abdominal pain, and straining at defecation, often with blood and mucus in the feces. The causative agent may be chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, viruses, ...

dysentery bacilli
gram-negative non–spore-forming rods causing dysentery in humans; see Shigella.

dysentery toxin
any of various exotoxins produced by species of Shigella; the one formed by S. dysenteriae serotype 1 is a potent neurotoxin with hemorrhagic and paralytic properties.

dysequilibrium
(dis″e-kwĭ-lib´re-әm) any derangement of the sense of equilibrium; see also dizziness and vertigo. disturbance of a state of equilibrium. Spelled also disequilibrium. dialysis dysequilibrium dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome. flow-volume dysequ...

dysergia
(dis-ur´jә) motor incoordination due to defect of efferent nerve impulse.

dyserythropoiesis
(dis-ә-rith″ro-poi-e´sis) defective development of erythrocytes, such as anisocytosis and poikilocytosis.

dysesthesia
(dis″es-the´zhә) impairment of any sense, especially of the sense of touch. a painful, persistent sensation induced by a gentle touch of the skin.

dysfibrinogenemia
(dis-fi-brin″o-jә-ne´me-ә) the presence in the blood of abnormal fibrinogen; both autosomal dominant and recessive forms are known.