Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Elschnig bodies
clear grapelike clusters formed by proliferation of epithelial cells after extracapsular extraction of a cataractous lens; called also Elschnig pearls.

Elspar
(el´spahr) trademark for a preparation of asparaginase, an antineoplastic agent.

eluate
(el´u-āt) the substance separated out by, or the product of, elution or elutriation.

eluent
(e-loo´әnt) the solution used in elution.

elusive ulcer
Hunner ulcer.

elution
(e-loo´shәn) in chemistry, separation of material by washing; the process of pulverizing substances and mixing them with water in order to separate the heavier constituents, which settle out in solution, from the lighter.

elutriation
(e-loo″tre-a´shәn) purification of a substance by dissolving it in a solvent and pouring off the solution, thus separating it from the undissolved foreign material.

Ely sign
Ely test (for contracture) with the patient prone, if flexion of the leg on the thigh causes the buttocks to arch away from the table and the leg to abduct at the hip joint, there is contracture of the lateral fascia of the thigh.

Em
emmetropia.

emaciation
(e-ma″she-a´shәn) a wasted condition of the body; see wasting.

emasculate
(e-mas´ku-lāt) to castrate a male.

emasculation
(e-mas″ku-la´shәn) bilateral orchiectomy.

embalming
(em-bahm´ing) treatment of a dead body to retard decomposition.

embarrass
(әm-bar´әs) to impede the function of; to obstruct.

Embden-Meyerhof pathway
the metabolic pathway resulting in anaerobic conversion of glucose to lactic acid, releasing energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glucose metabolism.

embedded tooth
one that is unerupted because of lack of eruptive force.

embedding
(әm-bed´ing) fixation of tissue in a firm medium, in order to keep it intact during cutting of thin sections.

embole
(em´bә-le) the reducing of a dislocated limb.

embolectomy
(em″bә-lek´tә-me) surgical removal of an embolus.

emboli
(em´bә-li) plural of embolus.

embolic
(em-bol´ik) pertaining to embolism or an embolus.

embolic aneurysm
an infected aneurysm caused by a septic embolus from infective endocarditis; this was formerly the most common type of mycotic aneurysm.

embolic pneumonia
pneumonia due to embolism of a blood vessel or vessels of the lungs.

emboliform nucleus
a small cerebellar nucleus lying between the dentate nucleus and the globose nucleus and contributing to the superior cerebellar peduncles.

embolism
(em´bә-liz-әm) the sudden blocking of an artery by a clot of foreign material (embolus) that has been brought by the blood current to the place where it has become lodged. The obstructing material is most often a blood clot, but it may be a fat globule, air bubble, piece of tissue, or clump of bacteria. If i...

embolization
(em″bә-lĭ-za´shәn) the process or condition of becoming an embolus. therapeutic introduction of a substance into a vessel in order to occlude it.

embololalia
(em″bә-lo-la´le-ә) the interpolation of meaningless words or phrases in a spoken sentence.

embolophrasia
(em″bә-lo-fra´zhә) embololalia.

embolus
(em´bo-lәs) pl. em´boli a clot or other plug, usually part or all of a thrombus, brought by the blood from another vessel and forced into a smaller one, thus obstructing circulation; see also embolism. saddle embolus one situated at the bifurcation of a large artery, sometimes blocki...

embrace reflex
Moro reflex.

embrasure
(em-bra´zhәr) a space continuous with an interproximal space, produced by curvatures of teeth in contact in the same arch; it provides a passage through which food escapes from the occlusal surfaces during mastication.

embryectomy
(em″bre-ek´tә-me) excision of an extrauterine embryo or fetus.

embryo
(em´bre-o) a new organism in the earliest stage of development. In humans this is defined as the developing organism from the fourth day after fertilization to the end of the eighth week. After that the unborn baby is usually referred to as the fetus. adj., em´bryonal, embryon´ic., adj.

embryoblast
(em´bre-o-blast″) an aggregation of cells at the embryonic pole of the blastocyst, destined to form the embryo proper. Called also inner cell mass.

embryoctony
(em″bre-ok´tә-ne) destruction of the living embryo or fetus.

embryoid bodies
structures resembling embryos, seen in several types of germ cell tumors.

embryolethality
(em″bre-o-le-thal´ĭ-te) embryotoxicity that causes death of the embryo. adj., embryole´thal., adj.

embryologist
(em″bre-ol´ә-jist) an expert in embryology.

embryology
(em″bre-ol´ә-je) the science of the development of the individual during the embryonic stage and, by extension, in several or even all preceding and subsequent stages of the life cycle. adj., embryolog´ic., adj.

embryoma
(em″bre-o´mә) a neoplasm thought to be derived from embryonic cells or tissues, such as a dermoid cyst, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, teratoma, or embryonal carcinoma.

embryonal adenoma
trabecular adenoma.

embryonal carcinoma
a highly malignant germ cell tumor that is a primitive form of carcinoma, probably of primitive embryonal cell derivation; it usually arises in a gonad and may be found either in pure form or as part of a mixed germ cell tumor.

embryonal nuclear cataract
an opacity confined to the embryonic nucleus of the lens. It is an autosomal dominant trait, is often bilateral, has a powdery appearance, and seldom affects vision. Called also cataracta centralis pulverulenta.

embryonal tumor
embryoplastic tumor embryoma.

embryonic area
embryonic disc.

embryonic cyst
one developing from bits of embryonic tissue that have been overgrown by other tissues, or from developing organs that normally disappear before birth. An example is a branchial cyst.

embryonic stem cells
totipotentstem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst.

embryonization
(em″bre-o´nĭ-za´shәn) reversion of a tissue or cell to the embryonic form.

embryonoid
(em´bre-o-noid″) resembling an embryo.

embryopathic cataract
a congenital opacity caused by intrauterine infection, e.g., rubella, syphilis, or toxoplasmosis.

embryopathy
(em″bre-op´ә-the) a morbid condition of the embryo or a disorder resulting from abnormal embryonic development, with consequent congenital anomalies. See also fetopathy.

embryoplastic
(em″bre-o-plas´tik) pertaining to or concerned in formation of an embryo.

embryotomy
(em″bre-ot´ә-me) dismemberment of the fetus in difficult labor in which a normal delivery is impossible.

embryotoxicity
(em″bre-o-tok-sis´ĭ-te) developmental toxicity to an embryo. adj., embryotox´ic., adj.

embryotoxon
(em″bre-o-tok´son) arcus corneae. anterior embryotoxon arcus corneae. posterior embryotoxon Axenfeld anomaly.

embryotroph
(em´bre-o-trōf″) the total nutriment (histotroph and hemotroph) made available to the embryo.

embryotrophy
(em″bre-ot´rә-fe) the nutrition of the early embryo.

emedastine
(em″ә-das´tēn) an antihistamine applied topically to the conjunctiva as emedastine difumarate in treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

emedullate
(e-med´u-lāt) to extract bone marrow.

emergency
(e-mur´jәn-se) an unlooked for or sudden occurrence, often dangerous, such as an accident or an urgent or pressing need.

emergency care
the provision of life-saving measures in life-threatening situations. See also emergency.

emergency contraceptive
postcoital contraceptive.

emergency department
an area of a hospital especially equipped and staffed for emergency care. Popularly called emergency room.

emergency light reflex
excessive stimulation of the retina by light produces contraction of the pupils, closure of the eyelids, and lowering of the eyebrows.

emergency medical technician
(EMT) a provider of emergency care (health care at the level of basic life support); this may include spinal immobilization, administration of oxygen, and control of bleeding. In some states there are modular training programs where an EMT can add skills to the basic level.

emergency medicine
the medical specialty that deals with the acutely ill or injured who require immediate medical treatment. See also emergency and emergency care.

emergency room
popular term for emergency department.

emergent
(e-mur´jәnt) pertaining to an emergency. coming out from a cavity or other part.

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
a rare type of muscular dystrophy that begins in childhood and involves slowly progressive weakness of muscles of the upper arm and pelvic girdle, with cardiomyopathy and flexion contractures of the elbows. The most common form is X-linked and occurs in males; a rarer form is autosomal dominant. Called also scapuloperoneal musc...

emesis
(em´ә-sis) vomiting. Also used as a word termination, as in hematemesis.

emetic
(ә-met´ik) causing vomiting. an agent that does this.

emetine
(em´ә-tēn) an alkaloid derived from ipecac or produced synthetically; its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiamebic.

emetocathartic
(em″ә-to-kә-thahr´tik) both emetic and cathartic. an agent with these effects.

emetogenic
(em″ә-to-jen´ik) emetic (def. 1).

EMF
electromotive force.

EMG syndrome
[exomphalos-macroglossia-gigantism] Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

emigrated cell
a leukocyte that has undergone diapedesis through the wall of a blood vessel and is in the neighboring tissue.

emigration
(em″ĭ-gra´shәn) diapedesis. leukocyte emigration the escape (diapedesis) of leukocytes through the walls of small blood vessels in inflammation. Called also leukopedesis.

eminence
(em´ĭ-nәns) a projection or boss. caudal eminence a taillike eminence that is the remnant of the primitive node in the early vertebrate embryo; it is the precursor of hindgut, adjacent notochord and somites, and the caudal part of the spinal cord. Called also end bud a...

eminentia
(em″ĭ-nen´shә) pl. eminen´tiae Latin word meaning eminence; a term used in anatomy.

emissary
(em´ĭ-sar″e) affording an outlet, as an emissary vein. emissary vein.

emissary vein
one of the small, valveless veins that pass through foramina of the skull, connecting the dural venous sinuses with scalp veins or with deep veins below the base of the skull.

emission
(e-mish´әn) a discharge. an involuntary discharge of semen. nocturnal emission reflex emission of semen during sleep. thermionic emission the application of heat, such as to a filament, resulting in the emission of electrons and ions.

Emmet operation
a method of repairing a lacerated perineum. trachelorrhaphy. surgical creation of a vesicovaginal fistula to secure drainage of the bladder in cystitis.

emmetrope
(em´ә-trōp) a person who has no refractive error of vision.

emmetropia
(em″ә-tro´pe-ә) the ideal optical condition, parallel rays coming to a focus on the retina. adj., emmetrop´ic, adj. . Emmetropia.

emollient
(e-mol´e-әnt) soothing and softening, as an emollient bath given for skin disorders. an agent having this effect on the skin or an irritated internal surface.

emotion
(e-mo´shәn) a state of arousal characterized by alteration of feeling tone and by physiologic behavioral changes. The external manifestation of emotion is called affect; a pervasive and sustained emotional state, mood. The physical form of emotion may be outward and evident to others, as in crying, laughing, blush...

emotional dependence
psychological dependence.

emotionally focused therapy
a form of couples therapy in which the couple increases intimacy and improves their relationship by each assessing, acknowledging, and expressing their underlying emotions and unmet feelings and needs.

empathize
(em´pә-thīz) to experience or feel empathy.

empathy
(em´pә-the) intellectual and emotional awareness and understanding of another person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior, even those that are distressing and disturbing. Empathy emphasizes understanding; sympathy emphasizes sharing of another person's feelings and experiences.

emphysema
(em″fә-se´mә) any pathologic accumulation of air in tissues or organs. adj., emphysem´atous., adj. pulmonary emphysema.

emphysematous cholecystitis
that due to gas-producing organisms, with gas in the gallbladder lumen; it often infiltrates into the gallbladder wall and surrounding tissues.

emphysematous vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina and adjacent cervix, characterized by numerous asymptomatic, gas-filled cystlike lesions.

empirical
(em-pir´ĭ-kәl) based on experience; determined from experimental data, as opposed to theoretical.

empirical formula
a chemical formula that expresses the proportions of the elements present in a substance.

empowerment
(em-pow´er-ment) the gaining by individuals or groups of the capability to fully participate in decision making processes in an equitable and fair fashion.

emprosthotonos
(em″pros-thot´ә-nәs) tetanic forward flexure of the body.

emprosthotonos position
emprosthotonos.