Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

esophagogastroplasty
(ә-sof″ә-go-gas´tro-plas″te) plastic repair of the esophagus and stomach; called also cardioplasty.

esophagogastroscopy
(ә-sof″ә-go-gas-tros´kә-pe) endoscopic inspection of the esophagus and stomach.

esophagogastrostomy
(ә-sof″ә-go-gas-tros´tә-me) anastomosis of the esophagus to the stomach.

esophagography
(ә-sof″ә-gog´rә-fe) radiography of the esophagus.

esophagojejunostomy
(ә-sof-ә-go-je″joo-nos´tә-me) anastomosis of the esophagus to the jejunum.

esophagomalacia
(ә-sof″ә-go-mә-la´shә) softening of the walls of the esophagus.

esophagomyotomy
(ә-sof″ә-go-mi-ot´ә-me) incision through the muscular coat of the esophagus.

esophagoplasty
(ә-sof´ә-go-plas″te) plastic repair of the esophagus.

esophagoptosis
(ә-sof″ә-gop-to´sis) (ә-sof″ә-go-to´sis) prolapse of the esophagus.

esophagorespiratory
(ә-sof″ә-go-res´pĭ-rә-tor″e) pertaining to or communicating with the esophagus and respiratory tract (trachea or a bronchus).

esophagosalivary reflex
excessive salivation due to irritation of the esophagus, as by a tumor or gastroesophageal reflux; called also Roger reflex.

esophagoscope
(ә-sof´ә-go-skōp) an endoscope for examination of the esophagus.

esophagoscopy
(ә-sof″ә-gos´ko-pe) direct visual examination of the esophagus with an esophagoscope.

esophagostenosis
(ә-sof″ә-go-stә-no´sis) stricture of the esophagus.

esophagostomy
(ә-sof″ә-gos´tә-me) the creation of an artificial opening into the esophagus.

esophagotomy
(ә-sof″ә-got´ә-me) incision of the esophagus.

esophagotracheal
(ә-sof″ә-go-tra´ke-әl) tracheoesophageal.

esophagus
(ә-sof´ә-gәs) the musculomembranous passage extending from the pharynx to the stomach, 25 to 30 cm (10 to 12 in) long in an adult, consisting of an outer fibrous coat, a muscular layer, a submucous layer, and an inner mucous membrane. The junction between the stomach and esophagus is closed by a muscul...

esophoria
(es″o-fo´re-ә) heterophoria in which there is deviation of the visual axis of one eye toward that of the other eye in the absence of visual fusional stimuli.

esotropia
(es″o-tro´pe-ә) strabismus in which there is manifest deviation of the visual axis of one eye toward that of the other eye, resulting in diplopia; called also convergent strabismus and crossed eyes. adj., esotrop´ic., adj.

esowasure-gai poisoning
Japanese name for callistin shellfish poisoning.

ESP
extrasensory perception.

ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

essential atrophy of iris
a progressive disease of unknown etiology, marked by patchy degeneration and disappearance of the iris stroma followed by loss of epithelium and formation of holes in the iris; it is associated with severe glaucoma.

essential dysmenorrhea
primary dysmenorrhea.

essential fatty acid
(EFA) any fatty acid that cannot be made by the human body and must be obtained in the diet; the most important ones are linoleic acid and linolenic acid

essential fever
fever for which no cause has been found.

essential hypertension
a classification that includes most cases of hypertension, being all those whose specific cause is unknown.

essential tremor
a hereditary type of tremor that can have its onset at various different ages, but usually at about 50 years. It begins with a fine, rapid tremor of the hands (distinct from that of parkinsonism); this is followed by tremor of the head, tongue, limbs, and trunk. It is made worse by emotional factors, made more intense by ...

EST
electroshock therapy.

ester
(es´tәr) a compound formed from an alcohol and an acid by removal of water.

esterase
(es´tәr-ās) any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an ester into its alcohol and acid.

esterification
(es-ter″ĭ-fĭ-ka´shәn) conversion of an acid into an ester by combination with an alcohol and removal of a molecule of water.

esterify
(es-ter´ĭ-fi) to combine with an alcohol with elimination of a molecule of water, forming an ester.

esterolysis
(es″tәr-ol´ә-sis) the hydrolysis of an ester into its alcohol and acid. adj., esterolyt´ic., adj.

Estes operation
implantation of an ovary into a uterine cornu; performed to establish fertility when the uterine tubes are absent.

esthesiogenic
(es-the″ze-o-jen´ik) producing sensation.

esthesiology
(es-the″ze-ol´ә-je) the scientific study or description of the sense organs and sensations.

esthesiometer
(es-the″ze-om´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring tactile sensibility; tactometer.

esthesiophysiology
(es-the″ze-o-fiz″e-ol´ә-je) the physiology of sensation and sense organs.

esthesodic
(es″thә-zod´ik) conducting or pertaining to conduction of sensory impulses.

esthetics
(es-thet´iks) the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty; in dentistry, a philosophy concerned especially with the appearance of a dental restoration, as achieved through its color or form.

estimate
(es´tĭ-mәt) a rough calculation or one based on incomplete data. a statistic used to characterize the value of a population parameter. Called also estimator.

estimate
(es´tĭ-māt) to produce or use a rough calculation. to measure or calculate a statistic for characterization of a population parameter.

estimator
(es´tĭ-ma″tәr) estimate1 (def. 2).

estival
(es´tĭ-vәl) (ә-sti´vәl) pertaining to or occurring in summer.

estivation
(es″tĭ-va´shәn) a dormant state in which certain animals pass the summer; see also hibernation.

Estlander operation
resection of one or more ribs in empyema so as to allow the chest wall to collapse and close the abnormal cavity; of historical interest. rotation of a triangular flap from the side of the lower lip to fill a defect in the lateral upper lip.

estolate
(es´to-lāt) USAN contraction for propionate lauryl sulfate.

estradiol
(es″trә-di´ol) (es-tra´de-ol) the most potent naturally occurring ovarian and placental estrogen in mammals; it prepares the uterus for implantation of the fertilized oocyte and promotes the maturation of and maintenance of the female accessory reproductive organs and secondary sex characte...

estramustine
(es″trә-mus´tēn) an antineoplastic agent containing estradiol joined to mechlorethamine; administered orally for palliative treatment of metastatic or progressive carcinoma of the prostate; used as estramustine phosphate sodium.

estrin
(es´trin) estrogen.

estrinization
(es″trin-ĭ-za´shәn) production of the cellular changes in the vaginal epithelium characteristic of estrus.

estriol
(es´tre-ol) a relatively weak human estrogen that is a metabolic product of estradiol and estrone found in high concentration in the urine of females.

estrogen
(es´trә-jen) a generic term for any of the estrus-producing compounds (female sex hormones), including estradiol, estriol, and estrone. In humans these are formed in the ovary, adrenal cortex, testis, and fetoplacental unit, and they are responsible for the development of female secondary sex characters. During the mens...

estrogen receptor
a cellular regulatory protein that binds estrogenic hormones, found particularly in estrogen-sensitive tissues such as the uterus and breast. Cytoplasmic levels are measured in surgically removed breast carcinomas; high levels indicate that a positive response to endocrine therapy is likely.

estrogen replacement therapy
administration of an estrogen to treat estrogen deficiency, such as that occurring after menopause; there are a number of indications, including the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and coronary artery disease, and the prevention and treatment of vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and of thinning of the skin ...

estrogenic
(es-tro-jen´ik) estrus-producing; having the properties of, or properties similar to, an estrogen.

estrogenic hormone
estrogen.

estrone
(es´trōn) an estrogen isolated from pregnancy urine, the human placenta, and palm kernel oil, and also prepared synthetically; used in estrogen replacement therapy for hypogonadism, ovariectomy, primary ovarian failure, atrophic vaginitis, vasomotor menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, and vulvar atrophy, and in the ...

estrophilin
(es″tro-fil´in) a cell protein that acts as a receptor for estrogen, found in estrogenic target tissue and in estrogen-dependent tumors and metastases.

estropipate
(es´tro-pĭ-pāt) a preparation of piperazine and estrone sulfate, having actions and uses similar to those of other estrogen preparations for treatment of estrogen deficiency states and for prevention of osteoporosis. Administered orally or intravaginally.

estrous cycle
the recurring periods of estrus in adult females of most mammalian species and the related changes in the reproductive tract from one period to another. See also menstrual cycle.

estruation
(es″troo-a´shәn) estrus.

estrum
(es´trәm) estrus.

estrus
(es´trәs) the recurrent, restricted period of sexual receptivity in female mammals other than human females, marked by intense sexual urge. See also estrous cycle. Called also estruation, estrum, and heat. adj., es´trual, es´trous., adj.

esu
electrostatic units.

ET-NANB
enterically transmitted non-A, non-B (hepatitis); see hepatitis E.

etanercept
(e-tan´әr-sept) a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor that inactivates tumor necrosis factor, used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; administered subcutaneously.

etching
(ech´ing) the cutting of a hard surface such as metal or glass by a corrosive chemical, usually an acid, in order to create a design. acid etching etching of dental enamel with an acid in order to roughen the surface, increase retention of resin sealant, and promote mechanical re...

ethacrynate
(eth-ә-krin´āt) a salt, ester, or the conjugate base of ethacrynic acid; the sodium salt has the same loop diuretic actions as the acid; administered parenterally.

ethacrynic acid
(eth″ә-krin´ik) a loop diuretic used orally in the treatment of edema, including that associated with congestive heart failure or hepatic or renal disease, ascites, and hypertension.

ethambutol
(ә-tham´bu-tol) an antibacterial agent specifically effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis; it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt, in conjunction with one or more other antituberculous drugs, in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

ethanol
(eth´ә-nol) a transparent, colorless, volatile, flammable liquid that is the major ingredient of alcoholic beverages. Excessive ingestion results in acute intoxication, with psychological, gastrointestinal, neurological, and motor abnormalities; ingestion during pregnancy can harm the fetus. See also alcohol...

ethanolamine
(eth″ә-nol´ә-mēn) monoethanolamine. ethanolamine oleate the oleate salt of monoethanolamine, used as a sclerosing agent in treatment of varicose veins and esophageal varices.

ether
(e´thәr) an organic compound containing an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms. diethyl or ethyl ether: a colorless, transparent, mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid with a characteristic odor; it was the first inhalational anesthetic used for surgical anesthesia, but is now rarely used...

ether cone
a cone-shaped device used over the face in administration of ether for anesthesia.

ethereal
(ә-the´re-әl) pertaining to, prepared with, containing, or resembling ether. evanescent; delicate.

etherization
(e″thәr-ĭ-za´shәn) induction of anesthesia by means of ether.

ethics
(eth´iks) a branch of philosophy dealing with values pertaining to human conduct, considering the rightness and wrongness of actions and the goodness or badness of the motives and ends of such actions. systematic rules or principles governing right conduct. Each practitioner, upon entering a profession, is...

ethinyl
(eth´ĭ-nәl) the radical HCtbondCsbond, derived from acetylene. ethinyl estradiol an estrogen derived from estradiol, used together with a progestational agent as a component of many oral contraceptives, in hormone replacement therapy, and as an antineoplastic in the treatment o...

ethiodized oil
an iodinated oil used as a radiopaque x-ray contrast medium in various diagnostic procedures.

ethionamide
(ә-thi″әn-am´īd) an antibacterial effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis; used in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, administered orally.

ethmoid
(eth´moid) sievelike; cribriform. ethmoid bone.

ethmoid air cells
ethmoidal air cells.

ethmoid bone
a sievelike bone located between the orbits and forming part of the roof and lateral and medial walls of both nasal cavities. It consists of two box-shaped ethmoidal labyrinths joined to each other on top by a horizontal perforated sheet of bone, the cribriform plate. In addition, it also includes another sheet of bone (t...

ethmoid cells
ethmoidal air cells.

ethmoid fossa
the groove in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bones, for the olfactory bulb.

ethmoid labyrinth
ethmoidal labyrinth.

ethmoid sinuses
ethmoidal air cells.

ethmoidal
(eth-moi´dәl) pertaining to the ethmoid bone.

ethmoidal air cells
paranasal sinuses found in groups within the ethmoid bone. They are often subdivided into anterior, middle, and posterior ethmoidal air cells according to where they open into the nasal cavity. Called also ethmoid sinuses.

ethmoidal cells
ethmoidal air cells.

ethmoidal foramina
small openings in the ethmoid bone at the junction of the medial wall with the roof of the orbit, the anterior transmitting the nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve and the anterior ethmoid vessels, the posterior transmitting the posterior ethmoid vessels.

ethmoidal infundibulum
a passage connecting the nasal cavity with the anterior ethmoidal air cells and frontal sinus. a sinuous passage connecting the middle meatus of the nose with the anterior ethmoidal cells and often with the frontal sinus.

ethmoidal labyrinth
either of the paired lateral masses of the ethmoid bone, consisting of numerous thin-walled cellular cavities, the ethmoidal air cells.

ethmoidal process
a bony projection above and behind the maxillary process of the inferior nasal concha.

ethmoidal sinuses
ethmoidal air cells.

ethmoidal veins
veins that follow the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, emerge from the ethmoidal foramina, and empty into the superior ophthalmic vein.

ethmoidectomy
(eth″moid-ek´tә-me) excision of the ethmoid cells or of a portion of the ethmoid bone.