Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

familial chloride diarrhea
a type of severe watery diarrhea that begins in early infancy with feces containing excessive chloride because of impairment of chloride-bicarbonate exchange in the lower colon. Affected infants have a distended abdomen, lethargy, and retarded growth and mental development.

familial fat-induced hyperlipemia
persistently elevated blood chylomicrons after fat ingestion; this often refers to a specific hereditary type of hyperlipoproteinemia.

familial Hibernian fever
TNF-receptor–associated periodic syndrome.

familial hypophosphatemic rickets
any of several inherited disorders of the proximal renal tubules, causing phosphate loss, hypophosphatemia, and skeletal deformities, including osteomalacia.

familial lipoprotein deficiency
any inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism resulting in deficiency of one or more plasma lipoprotein.

familial Mediterranean fever
a hereditary disease usually occurring in Armenians and Sephardic Jews, marked by short recurrent attacks of fever with pain in the abdomen, chest, or joints, and erythema resembling that seen in erysipelas; it is sometimes complicated by amyloidosis.

familial nonhemolytic jaundice
Gilbert syndrome.

familial periodic fever
a rare autosomal dominant syndrome that includes an abnormality on the cell receptor for tumor necrosis factor; characteristics include periodic fever with any of various skin disorders lasting for four days to three weeks, as well as mild systemic manifestations such as abdominal pain, headache, and chest pain.

familial periodic paralysis
a hereditary disease with recurring attacks of rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis, associated with a fall in (hypokalemic type), a rise in (hyperkalemic type), or normal (normokalemic type) serum potassium levels; all three types are inherited as autosomal dominant traits.

family medicine
family practice.

family therapy
group therapy of the members of a family, exploring and improving family relationships and processes, understanding and modifying home influences that contribute to mental disorder in one or more family members, and improving communication and collective, constructive methods of problem-solving.

famotidine
(fam-o´tĭ-dīn) an antagonist of histamine H2 receptors, inhibiting the action of histamine at cell surface receptors in the wall of the stomach and reducing basal gastric acid secretion and secretion stimulated by food, histamine, gastrin, caffeine, and insulin. It is administered orally for short-term treatme...

fan sign
spreading apart of the toes following the stroking of the sole of the foot; it forms part of the Babinski reflex.

Fañanás cell
a type of neuroglial cell found in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex; called also glia of Fañanás.

Fanconi anemia
Fanconi syndrome (def. 1).

Fanconi syndrome
(fahn-ko´ne) Fanconi anemia; a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by pancytopenia, hypoplasia of bone marrow, and patchy brown discoloration of the skin due to deposition of melanin, with other anomalies of the musculoskeletal and genitourinary systems. any of a group of diseases marked by dysfuncti...

Fannia
(fan´e-ә) a genus of flies whose larvae have caused both intestinal and urinary infestation in humans.

fantasy
(fan´tә-se) a daydream; an imagined situation or sequence of events. Fantasy can serve as a realistic rehearsal of future events; it may also serve as a type of defense mechanism providing wish fulfillment, gratification of repressed impulses, or resolution of unconscious conflicts.

FAOTA
Fellow, American Occupational Therapy Association.

FAP
familial adenomatous polyposis.

FAPHA
Fellow of the American Public Health Association.

Far Eastern hemorrhagic fever
epidemic hemorrhagic fever.

far point
the most remote point at which an object is clearly seen when the eye is at rest.

Farabeuf triangle
(far´ә-boof) a triangle in the upper part of the neck bounded by the internal jugular vein, the facial nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve.

farad
(F) (far´әd) the SI unit of electric capacitance; the capacitance of a condenser that charged with 1 coulomb gives a difference of potential of 1 volt.

Farber disease
(fahr´bәr) Farber syndrome (fahr´bәr) Farber-Uzman syndrome a lysosomal storage disease and sphingolipidosis, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, due to deficiency of the enzyme ceramidase. Itis marked by painful swelling of joints, nodules over affected joints and over pressure points, hoa...

Farber test
presence of swallowed vernix cells in the meconium of a newborn baby indicates partial intestinal stenosis; their absence indicates a total blockage.

farcy
(fahr´se) the more chronic and constitutional form of glanders.

farmer's lung
hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by inhalation of moldy hay dust. Called also harvester's or thresher's lung.

Farr test
(a radioimmunoassay for measuring absolute amounts of antibody) antibody is reacted with radiolabeled antigen and precipitated with ammonium sulfate; bound antigen or hapten is precipitated while free antigen remains in solution. This test is based on the capacity of antibody to combine with antigen rather than on such secondar...

Farre tubercles
(fahr) masses beneath the capsule of the liver in some cases of hepatocellular carcinoma.

farsightedness
(fahr´sīt-әd-nis) hyperopia.

fascia
(fash´e-ә) pl. fas´ciae a sheet or band of fibrous tissue such as lies deep to the skin or invests muscles and various body organs. adj., fas´cial., adj.

fascia cribrosa
(fash´e-ә krĭ-bro´sә) the superficial fascia of the thigh covering the saphenous opening (fossa ovalis femoris).

fascia graft
a graft of fibrous tissue, usually taken from the external investing fascia of the lower limb (fascia lata).

fascia lata
(fash´e-ә la´tә) the external investing fascia of the thigh.

fascicle
(fas´ĭ-kәl) fasciculus.

fascicular
(fә-sik´u-lәr) clustered together; pertaining to or arranged in bundles or clusters; pertaining to a fascicle.

fascicular block
heart block characterized by certain abnormal QRS waveforms ascribed to conduction disturbance in the anterior and posterior divisions of the left bundle branch. Left anterior fascicular block is characterized by delay or interruption of impulse conduction in the anterior superior division of the left bundle branch, resulting i...

fascicular degeneration
degeneration of paralyzed muscles due to lesion in the motor ganglion cells of the central tube of gray matter of the cord.

fascicular graft
a nerve graft in which bundles of nerve fibers are approximated and sutured separately.

fasciculated
(fә-sik´u-lāt-әd) clustered together or occurring in bundles, or fasciculi.

fasciculation
(fә-sik″u-la´shәn) the formation of fascicles. a small local involuntary muscular contraction visible under the skin, representing spontaneous discharge of a number of fibers innervated by a single motor nerve filament.

fasciculus
(fә-sik´u-lәs) pl. fasci´culi Latin word meaning a small bundle or tract, especially of nerve or muscle fibers. Called also fascicle. cuneate fasciculus of medulla oblongata the continuation into the medulla oblongata of the cuneate fasciculus of spinal cord. cun...

fasciectomy
(fas″e-ek´tә-me) excision of fascia.

fasciitis
(fas″e-i´tis) inflammation of a fascia. necrotizing fasciitis a fulminating, sometimes fatal, infection with the group A type of hemolytic streptococci; it begins with severe or extensive cellulitis that rapidly spreads to involve the superficial and deep fascia, producing thrombosi...

fasciodesis
(fas″e-od´ә-sis) suture of a fascia to skeletal attachment.

Fasciola
(fә-si´o-lә) a genus of flukes. F. hepa´tica is a common liver fluke of herbivores and is occasionally found in humans.

fasciola
(fә-si´o-lә) pl. fasci´olae Latin word meaning a small band, or striplike structure. a small bandage. adj., fasci´olar., adj.

fascioliasis
(fas″e-o-li´ә-sis) infection with liver flukes of the genus Fasciola, which may involve either obstruction of biliary passages or invasion of the parenchyma of the liver.

fasciolopsiasis
(fas″e-o-lop-si´ә-sis) infection of the intestine with large flukes of the genus Fasciolopsis, which may cause nausea, diarrhea, and a malabsorption syndrome.

Fasciolopsis
(fas″e-o-lop´sis) a genus of flukes. F. bus´ki is a large intestinal fluke found in humans and a few other animals throughout Asia. See fasciolopsiasis.

fascioplasty
(fash´e-o-plas″te) plastic repair of a fascia.

fasciorrhaphy
(fash″e-or´ә-fe) suture of a lacerated fascia.

fasciotomy
(fash″e-ot´ә-me) incision of a fascia.

fast
(fast) immovable, or unchangeable; resistant to the action of a specific agent, such as a stain or destaining agent (e.g., acid-fast). abstention from food, or from food and liquid. to abstain from food, or from food and liquid.

fast channel
an ion channel, such as a sodium channel, that becomes activated relatively quickly; a fast voltage-gated channel has a much lower activation potential than does the slow type. See also slow channel.

fast twitch muscle fibers
paler-colored muscle fibers of larger diameter than slow twitch fibers, and having less sarcoplasm and more prominent cross-striping; used for forceful and rapid contractions over short periods of time.

fast wave sleep
REM sleep.

fastigial nucleus
nucleus fastigii.

fastigium
(fas-tij´e-әm) Latin word meaning the acme, or highest point. the highest point in the roof of the fourth ventricle of the brain. adj., fastig´ial., adj.

fasting serum gastrin
measurement of the levels of gastrin in blood serum after the patient has fasted for 12 hours, so that presence of food is not a factor; it is markedly increased in conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and G cell hyperplasia.

fat
(fat) the adipose tissue of the body. a triglyceride that is an ester of fatty acids and glycerol. Each fat molecule contains one glycerol residue connected by ester linkages to three fatty acid residues, which may be the same or different. The fatty acids may have no double bonds in the carbon chain (saturated ...

fat cell
a connective tissue cell specialized for synthesis and storage of fat; these are bloated with globules of triglycerides surrounded by a thin line of cytoplasm and have the nucleus displaced to one side. Called also adipocyte and lipocyte.

fat hernia
hernial protrusion of peritoneal fat through the abdominal wall.

fat necrosis
necrosis in which fat is broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, usually occurring in subcutaneous tissue as a result of trauma.

fat pad sign
distention and displacement of the fat adjacent to a joint capsule, usually in the elbow or knee, visible on a radiograph when the joint is flexed; a sign of a fracture within the joint that involves little or no bone displacement.

fat-deficiency disease
a condition characterized by cessation of growth and skin lesions that result when essential fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic acid) are absent from the diet.

fat-storing cell of liver
hepatic stellate cell.

fatal
(fa´tәl) pertaining to or resulting in death; called also lethal.

fatal dose
lethal dose.

fatality rate
the death rate in a specific group of persons simultaneously affected by some event or circumstances, such as a natural disaster.

fatigability
(fat″ĭ-gә-bil´ĭ-te) easy susceptibility to fatigue.

fatigue
(fә-tēg´) loss of the ability of a muscle to respond to stimuli. battle fatigue , combat fatigue former names for posttraumatic stress disorder in military personnel. vocal fatigue phonasthenia.

fatigue fever
a febrile attack due to overexercise and the absorption of waste products.

fatigue fracture
stress fracture.

fatty acid
an organic compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen that combines with glycerol as an ester called a fat. The main distinction is between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

fatty atrophy
fatty infiltration following atrophy of a tissue or organ.

fatty cirrhosis
a type in which liver cells are infiltrated with fat, usually because of alcohol ingestion; see Laënnec cirrhosis.

fatty degeneration
deposit of fat globules in a tissue.

fatty granule cell
gitter cell.

fatty infiltration
a deposit of fat in tissues, especially between cells. the presence of fat vacuoles in the cell cytoplasm.

fatty kidney
one with fatty degeneration.

fatty liver disease
fatty liver.

fatty tissue
adipose tissue.

fatty tumor
lipoma.

fauces
(faw´sēz) throat. adj., fau´cial., adj.

Fauchard disease
(fo-shahr´) marginal periodontitis.

faucial reflex
reflex vomiting caused by irritation of the fauces, cf. pharyngeal reflex.

faucitis
(faw-si´tis) sore throat (def. 1).

faveolate
(fa-ve´o-lāt) honeycombed; alveolate.

favism
(fa´vis-әm) an acute hemolytic anemia caused by ingestion of fava beans or inhalation of the pollen of the plant, usually occurring in certain individuals as a result of a genetic abnormality with a deficiency of an enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in the erythrocytes. Called also fabism.

Favre-Durand-Nicolas disease
(fahv´rә du-rah´ ne-ko-lah´) lymphogranuloma venereum.

Favre-Racouchot syndrome
(fahv´rә rah-koo-sho´) a type of actinic elastosis seen chiefly in elderly men, in which giant comedones, pilosebaceous cysts, and large folds of furrowed and yellowish skin are seen in the periorbital region. Called also nodular elastosis.

favus
(fa´vәs) a type of ringworm, most often involving the scalp but sometimes affecting glabrous (smooth) skin, with formation of prominent honeycomblike masses, usually due to Trichophyton schoenleini.

Fazio-Londe atrophy
progressive bulbar palsy of childhood.

Fazio-Londe disease
(fahz´e-o lōnd´) progressive bulbar palsy of childhood.

Fc
fragment, crystallizable; a fragment by papain digestion of immunoglobulin molecules. It contains most of the antigenic determinants.

Fc receptors
specific membrane receptors for antigen-antibody complexes or aggregated immunoglobulins that bind a site in the Fc portion of the immunoglobulin molecule and may exhibit specificity for particular immunoglobulin classes. Fc receptors are found on B cells, K cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and, during so...

Fd
the heavy chain portion of a Fab fragment produced by papain digestion of a molecule of an immunoglobulin of the IgG class.