Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

frontal gyrus
any of the three (inferior, middle, and superior) gyri of the frontal lobe.

frontal lobe
the anterior portion of the gray matter of each cerebral hemisphere.

frontal nerve
origin, ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve; enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure; branches, supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves; distribution, chiefly to the forehead and scalp; modality, general sensory.

frontal planes
those planes passing longitudinally through the body, an organ, or a part, at right angles to the median plane and dividing it into front and back portions. Called also coronal planes.

frontal pole
the most prominent part of the anterior end of each cerebral hemisphere.

frontal section
a section through the body passing at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into dorsal and ventral parts.

frontal sinus
one of the paired paranasal sinuses in the frontal bone, each communicating with the middle nasal meatus on the same side.

frontal veins
a group of superior cerebral veins, that is, superficial cerebral veins that drain the cortex of the frontal lobe.

frontalis
(frәn-tal´is) Latin word meaning related to the forehead, or frontal.

frontoanterior position
a position of the fetus in cephalic presentation in labor, with its brow directed toward the right (RFA) or left (LFA) anterior quadrant of the maternal pelvis.

frontonasal dysplasia
median cleft facial syndrome.

frontonasal process
frontonasal prominence.

frontonasal prominence
an expansive facial process in the embryo that develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose; called also frontonasal process.

frontopolar artery
polar frontal artery.

frontoposterior position
a position of the fetus in cephalic presentation in labor, with its brow directed toward the right (RFP) or left (LFP) posterior quadrant of the maternal pelvis.

frontotransverse position
a position of the fetus in cephalic presentation in labor, with its brow directed toward the right (RFT) or left (LFT) iliac fossa of the maternal pelvis.

frost
(frost) frozen dew or vapor. a deposit resembling this. urea frost the appearance on the skin of salt crystals left by evaporation of the sweat in urhidrosis.

frostbite
(frost´bīt) injury to tissues due to exposure to cold. Usually the first areas of the body to freeze are the nose, ears, fingers, and toes, and the flesh feels cold to the touch and then numb. Authorities distinguish four degrees or types, ranging from type one (a shallow, blanched wheal that may remain reddened fo...

frostnip
(frost´nip) first degree frostbite; see frostbite.

frottage
(fro-tahzh´) a rubbing movement in massage. frotteurism.

frotteur
(fro-toor´) one who practices frotteurism.

frotteurism
(fro-toor´iz-әm) a paraphilia in which there are repetitive sexual urges to gain gratification by rubbing against another person, often acted out in a public place. Called also frottage.

frozen pelvis
a condition, due to infection or carcinoma, in which the adnexa and uterus are fixed in the pelvis.

fructofuranose
(frook″to-fu´rә-nōs) the combining and more reactive form of fructose.

fructokinase
(frook″to-ki´nās) an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a high-energy phosphate group to D-fructose.

fructosamine test
determination of the serum fructosamine level by measurement of the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium to purple under alkaline conditions; it is used as an index of the average glycemic state over the preceding two to three weeks.

fructose
(frook´tōs) a monosaccharide found in honey and many sweet fruits; it is used in solution as a fluid and nutrient replenisher. Called also levulose and fruit sugar.

fructose test
see Rubner test (def. 2) and Selivanoff test.

fructose tolerance test
(for liver function) a large quantity of fructose is administered and the power of the liver to absorb it is monitored.

fructosemia
(frook″to-se´me-ә) the presence of fructose in the blood, as in fructose intolerance.

fructoside
(frook´to-sīd) a compound that bears the same relation to fructose as a glucoside does to glucose.

fructosuria
(frook″to-su´re-ә) the presence of fructose in the urine. essential fructosuria a benign, autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism due to a defect in fructokinase and manifested only by fructose in the blood and urine.

fructosyl
(frook´to-sәl) a radical of fructose.

fruit
(frldbomact) the matured ovary of a plant, including the seed and its envelopes.

fruit sugar
fructose.

fruiting body
a specialized structure of certain fungi that produces the spores.

frustration
(frәs-tra´shәn) the blocking or thwarting of purposes, desires, actions, or impulses. a feeling of tension arising when such thwarting occurs.

Fränkel sign
excessive range of passive movement of the hip joint, indicating diminished tone of the surrounding musculature in tabes dorsalis.

Fränkel test
examination of the nasal cavity with the patient's head bent down between the knees and rotated so that the side to be examined is turned upward. If pus is seen in the middle nasal meatus, this indicates that there is suppuration in some of the anterior paranasal sinuses.

Fröhlich syndrome
(frur´lik) adiposogenital dystrophy.

FSF
fibrin-stabilizing factor (factor XIII).

FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone.

FSH-RH
follicle-stimulating hormone releasing hormone.

FTA-ABS test
fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test.

Fuchs position
a radiographic position which gives an oblique view of the zygomatic arch projected free of superimposed structures.

Fuchs syndrome
(fūks) unilateral heterochromia, fine keratic precipitates, and secondary cataract.

fuchsin
(fūk´sin) any of several red to purple dyes, sometimes specifically basic fuchsin. acid fuchsin a mixture of sulfonated fuchsins; used in various complex stains. basic fuchsin a histologic stain, containing predominantly pararosaniline and rosaniline.

fuchsin bodies
Russell bodies.

fucose
(fu´kōs) a monosaccharide occurring as L-fucose in a number of mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins.

fucoside
(fu´ko-sīd) an acetal derivative of fucose.

fucosidosis
(fu″ko-sĭ-do´sis) a hereditary disease due to deficient enzymatic activity of α-L-fucosidase that results in accumulation of fucose in all tissues, with progressive cerebral degeneration, muscle weakness with eventual spasticity, emaciation, enlargement of the heart, thick skin, and excessive sweating.

FUDR
abbreviation for floxuridine. trademark for a preparation of floxuridine, an antineoplastic.

FUdR
floxuridine.

fugu poisoning
tetrodotoxism (def. 1).

Fukala operation
removal of the lens of the eye for the treatment of marked myopia.

Fukuhara syndrome
(foo″koo-hah´rah) MERRF syndrome.

fulgurate
(ful´gu-rāt) to come and go like a flash of lightning. to destroy by contact with electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current.

fulguration
(ful″gu-ra´shәn) destruction of living tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current. direct fulguration that in which an insulated electrode with a metal point is connected to the uniterminal and an electric spark is allowed to impinge on the area b...

full liquid diet
a diet for patients who cannot eat solid foods, such as those with acute gastritis. Milk, strained soups, and fruit juices are allowed, and the diet can be nutritionally adequate with careful planning.

full-thickness graft
a skin graft consisting of the full thickness of the skin, with little or none of the subcutaneous tissue.

Fuller operation
a former method of treating an abscessed seminal vesicle by draining it through a perineal incision.

fuller's earth
(ful´әrz urth´) an impure aluminum silicate that has decolorizing and purifying properties. It is an absorbent used in the management of paraquat poisoning; the mode of action is by tightly binding paraquat to the clay in the formulation, which takes place in the gastrointestinal tract and facilitates elimination ...

fully automatic pacemaker
universal pacemaker.

fulminant hepatitis
massive hepatic necrosis from one of the forms of viral hepatitis, often progressing to coma and death.

fulminate
(ful´mĭ-nāt) to occur suddenly with great intensity. adj., ful´minant, adj. .

Fulvicin
(ful´vĭ-sin) trademark for preparations of griseofulvin, an antifungal agent.

fumarase
(fu´mә-rās) an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of fumarate and malate.

fumarate
(fu´mә-rāt) a salt of fumaric acid.

fumaric acid
(fu-mar´ik) an unsaturated dibasic acid, the trans isomer of maleic acid and an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

fumigation
(fu″mĭ-ga´shәn) exposure to disinfecting fumes.

function
(funk´shәn) the special, normal, or proper action of any part or organ. in mathematics, a rule that assigns to each member of one set (the domain) a value in another set (the range). probability density function in statistics, a mathematical function that describes the...

functional
(funk´shәn-әl) pertaining to or fulfilling a function. affecting the function but not the structure.

functional adenoma
functioning adenoma a pituitary adenoma that secretes excessive amounts of a hormone; see prolactinoma, corticotroph adenoma, gonadotroph adenoma, growth hormone–secreting adenoma, and thyrotroph adenoma. Called also endocrine-active, hyperfunctional, or hyperfunctioning adenoma.

functional cardiovascular disease
neurocirculatory asthenia.

functional disorder
a disorder of physiological function having no known organic basis. Although not strictly correct, the term is often used in psychiatry as roughly equivalent to “psychogenic disorder”; in other branches of medicine, to “idiopathic disorder.”

functional electrical stimulation
(FES) the application of an electric current by means of a prosthesis to stimulate and restore partial function to a muscle disabled by neurologic lesions.

functional hearing loss
hearing loss that lacks any organic lesion; called also nonorganic hearing loss.

functional hypertrophy
hypertrophy of an organ or part caused by its increased activity.

functional impotence
psychogenic impotence.

functional incontinence
incontinence caused by problems with physical or mental functioning.

functional layer of endometrium
the layer of endometrium facing the lumen of the uterus; its cells are cast off at menstruation and childbirth. Sublayers are the compact layer and the spongy layer. It is known as the decidua during pregnancy.

functional murmur
a heart murmur occurring in the absence of structural changes in the heart, usually due to high cardiac output states. Called also innocent murmur and physiologic murmur.

functional occlusion
contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth that provides the highest efficiency in the centric position and during all exclusive movements of the jaw that are essential to mastication without producing trauma.

functional orthosis
dynamic orthosis.

functional paralysis
a temporary paralysis which is apparently not caused by a nerve lesion; some forms may be psychogenic.

functional proteinuria
any proteinuria that is not due to renal disease, such as the transient proteinuria of pregnancy, effort proteinuria, and orthostatic proteinuria.

functional reentry
reentry in which the block to conduction is due to functional heterogeneity of the electrophysiological properties of regions of cardiac tissue; it is usually described by the leading circle model.

functional residual capacity
the amount of gas remaining at the end of normal quiet respiration.

functional splint
dynamic orthosis.

functional tumor
functioning tumor a hormone-secreting tumor in an endocrine gland, such as a functioning adenoma.

fundectomy
(fun-dek´tә-me) fundusectomy.

fundic glands
fundus glands numerous tubular glands in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach, containing the cells that produce gastric acid and pepsin.

fundiform
(fun´dĭ-form) shaped like a loop or sling.

fundoplication
(fun″do-plĭ-ka´shәn) mobilization of the lower end of the esophagus and plication of the fundus of the stomach up around it, in the treatment of reflux esophagitis that may be associated with disorders such as hiatal hernia.

fundus
(fun´dәs) pl. fun´di Latin word meaning bottom or base. In anatomy, it is used for the bottom or base of an organ, or the part of a hollow organ farthest from its mouth. adj., fun´dal, fun´dic., adj.

fundus albipunctatus
(fun´dәs al″bĭ-pungk-ta´tәs) a disorder in which gray or white mottling of the fundus of the eye is associated with night blindness; called also Lauber disease.

fundus of bladder
the base or posterior surface of the urinary bladder, which contains the trigone of the bladder and the outlet where urine empties through the internal urethral orifice.

fundus of eye
the back portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the pupil by use of the ophthalmoscope.

fundus of gallbladder
the inferior, dilated portion of the gallbladder.

fundus of stomach
the part of the stomach to the left and above the level of the opening between the stomach and esophagus.