Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

GSH
the reduced form of glutathione.

GSSG
the oxidized form of glutathione.

GTP-binding protein
any of a number of regulatory proteins, including the G proteins and the monomeric small GTP-binding proteins, in which the exchange of GDP for GTP induces a conformational change to produce an active state, while the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP produces an inactive state. GTP-binding proteins act as switches that couple cell-surface re...

GTPase-activating protein
a protein that stimulates the GTP-cleaving (GTPase) activity of a GTP-binding protein, resulting in the conversion of the protein to its inactive form.

GU
genitourinary.

guaiac
(gwi´әk) a resin from certain Caribbean trees, used as a reagent.

guaiac test
one for occult blood; glacial acetic acid and guaiac are mixed with the specimen; on addition of hydrogen peroxide, the presence of blood is indicated by a blue tint.

guaifenesin
(gwi-fen´ә-sin) an expectorant believed to act by reducing sputum viscosity.

Guama virus
a virus of the genus Bunyavirus isolated in the region of Belem, Brazil, from foresters suffering from hyperthermia, headache, muscular and articular pains, and occasionally nausea and vertigo.

guanabenz
(gwah´nә-benz) an α2-adrenergic agonist used in the form of the base or the acetate ester as an antihypertensive.

guanadrel
(gwah´nә-drәl) an adrenergic neuron blocking agent, used in the treatment of hypertension; used as the sulfate salt.

Guanarito virus
an arenavirus of the Tacaribe complex, first isolated from patients in Guanare, Portuguesa state, Venezuela, and found to be the etiologic agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever.

guanethidine
(gwahn-eth´ĭ-dēn) an adrenergic blocking agent; the monosulfate salt is used as an antihypertensive agent.

guanfacine
(gwahn´fә-sēn) an α2-adrenergic agonist used in the form of the hydrochloride salt as an antihypertensive.

guanidinoacetic acid
(gwah″nĭ-de″no-ә-se´tik) an intermediate product in the synthesis of creatine.

guanine
(gwah´nēn) a purine base, one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

guanosine
(gwah´no-sēn) a nucleoside, guanine riboside, one of the major constituents of RNA. cyclic guanosine monophosphate a cyclic nucleotide, guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, an intracellular “second messenger” similar in action to cyclic adenosine mon...

guanyl-nucleotide-binding protein
G protein.

guard
(gahrd) a protective device. mouth guard any of various removable intraoral appliances that protect the teeth and sometimes the lips and cheeks during contact sports.

guarded
(gahr´ded) of uncertain outcome; said of a patient condition.

Guarnieri bodies
inclusion bodies in the cells of the affected tissues in smallpox and vaccinia, regarded as caused by the reaction of the cell to the virus of the disease.

Guaroa virus
an arbovirus of the genus Bunyavirus isolated in Colombia from the blood of patients with a febrile disease.

Gubler paralysis
Millard-Gubler syndrome.

Gubler sign
Gubler tumor a tumor on the back of the wrist, with paralysis of the extensors of the hand, in cases of lead poisoning.

Guérin fracture
Le Fort I fracture.

Guerreiro-Machado test
Machado-Guerreiro test.

Guillain-Barré syndrome
(ge-yă´ bah-ra´) a neurological condition affecting the peripheral nervous system, especially the spinal nerves and cranial nerves. Muscular weakness usually starts in the lower limbs and moves upward through the body, but in some patients it affects the facial muscles and arms first and then moves downward. The pa...

Guilland sign
brisk flexion at the hip and knee joint when the contralateral quadriceps muscle is pinched; a sign of meningeal irritation.

guillotine
(ge´o-tēn) a surgical instrument with a sliding blade for excising a tonsil or the uvula.

guillotine amputation
one in which the entire cross-section is left open (flapless) for dressing; called also flapless or open amputation.

guinea worm disease
dracunculiasis.

Guinon disease
(ge-naw´) Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

Gull disease
(gul) atrophy of the thyroid gland with myxedema.

gullet
(gul´әt) esophagus.

Gullstrand slit lamp
slit lamp.

gum
(gum) gingiva. a mucilaginous excretion of various plants. adj., gum´my., adj. guar gum a gum obtained from the ground endosperms of the leguminous tree Cyamopsis tetragonolobus; used in pharmaceutical preparations and as a source of soluble dietary fiber.

gum line
gingival line (def. 1).

gumboil
(gum´boil) parulis.

gumma
(gum´ә) pl. gummas, gum´mata a soft, rubbery area of inflammation occurring in tertiary syphilis. adj., gum´matous, gum´my., adj.

gummatous ulcer
a broken-down superficial gumma.

gummy tumor
gumma.

Gunn crossing sign
a crossing of an artery over a vein in the fundus of the eye, indicative of essential hypertension.

Gunn dots
white dots seen around the macula lutea on oblique illumination.

Gunn phenomenon
Gunn syndrome. Marcus Gunn pupillary phenomenon.

Gunn pupillary phenomenon
Gunn pupillary sign Marcus Gunn pupillary phenomenon.

Gunn sign
Gunn crossing sign. Marcus Gunn pupillary phenomenon. Gunn syndrome.

Gunn syndrome
(gun) ptosis of one eyelid and association of movements of it with jaw movements; called also Gunn phenomenon, Marcus Gunn phenomenon or syndrome, and jaw-winking phenomenon or syndrome.

gurney
(gur´ne) a wheeled cot used in hospitals.

Gussenbauer suture
a pioneering type of figure-of-eight suture that was used in intestinal surgery.

gustation
(gәs-ta´shәn) the act of tasting or the sense of taste. adj., gus´tatory, adj. .

gustatory anesthesia
loss of the sense of taste.

gustatory cells
taste cells.

gustatory hallucination
a hallucination of taste.

gustatory nerves
sensory nerve fibers innervating the taste buds and associated with taste, including branches from the lingual and glossopharyngeal nerves.

gustatory sweating syndrome
auriculotemporal syndrome.

gustolacrimal reflex
syndrome of crocodile tears.

gut
(gut) intestine. the primordial digestive tube, consisting of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. surgical gut. chromic gut , chromicized gut surgical gut treated with a chromic salt to increase its resistance to absorption in tissues. ...

gut-associated lymphoid tissue
(GALT) lymphoid tissue associated with the gut (primordial digestive tube), including the tonsils, Peyer patches, lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract, and appendix.

Guthrie test
(guth´re) a screening tool used with infants to determine the level of phenylalanine in the blood. Blood from the head is placed on filter paper, which is then placed on agar plates with a strain of Bacillus subtilis that requires phenylalanine for growth. If there is excessive phenylalanine in the blood sample, a halo will f...

gutta
(gut´ә) pl. gut´tae Latin word meaning drop.

gutta-percha
(gut″ә-pur´chә) the coagulated, dried, purified latex of trees of the genera Palaguium and Payena, most commonly Palaguium gutta; used in orthopedics for fracture splints, in surgery for temporary sealing of cavities, and in dentistry in the form of cones for filling root canals or sticks for sealing c...

gutta-percha cone
in root canal therapy, a plastic radiopaque cone made from gutta-percha and other ingredients, available in standard sizes according to the dimensions of root canal reamers and files; used to fill and seal the canal along with sealer cements. Called also gutta-percha point.

gutta-percha point
gutta-percha cone.

guttate
(gut´āt) resembling a drop.

guttate morphea
a form characterized by small, rounded, atrophic macules, arranged in clusters or lines and sometimes surrounded by a purplish zone. This type is difficult to distinguish from lichen sclerosus, and some authorities believe the two conditions are the same. Called also white spot disease.

guttate psoriasis
a form seen mainly in children and young adults after streptococcal infections, characterized by the abrupt appearance of small droplike lesions over much of the skin surface, especially on the trunk and proximal limbs.

guttatim
(gә-ta´tim) Latin word meaning drop by drop.

gutter fracture
a fracture of the skull in which the depression is long elliptic in form; often caused by a missile passing along the outside or grooving the inside of the skull.

guttural
(gut´әr-ә1) pertaining to the throat; see also pharyngeal.

Gutzeit test
(for arsenic) a paper is moistened with an acidulated silver nitrate solution and exposed to the fumes from the suspected liquid, which is mixed with zinc and dilute sulfuric acid. The formation of a yellow spot on the paper indicates the presence of inorganic arsenic compounds.

Guyon amputation
Guyon operation transtibial amputation just above the malleoli.

GVH disease
graft-versus-host disease.

Gy
gray.

gymnospore
(jim´no-spor) a spore without a protective envelope.

Gymnothorax
poisoning a form of ichthyosarcotoxism produced by ingestion of certain moray eels of the genus Gymnothorax.

gynandrism
(gi-) (jә-nan´driz-әm) female pseudohermaphroditism. hermaphroditism. masculinization in a female.

gynandroblastoma
(gi-) (jә-nan″dro-blas-to´mә) an ovarian tumor containing elements of both arrhenoblastoma and granulosa cell tumor; it produces both androgenic and estrogenic effects.

gynandroid
(gi-) (jә-nan´droid) a hermaphrodite, a female pseudohermaphrodite, or a female exhibiting masculinization. pertaining to or characterized by such a condition.

Gyne-Lotrimin
(gi″nә-lo´trĭ-min) trademark for a preparation of clotrimazole, an antifungal agent.

gynecogenic
(gi″nә-) (jin″ә-ko-jen´ik) producing female characteristics.

gynecography
(gi″nә-) (jin″ә-kog´rә-fe) radiography of the female reproductive organs.

gynecoid
(gi´nә) (jin´ә-koid) womanlike.

gynecoid obesity
gynoid obesity obesity in which fat is localized in the lower half of the body, seen more often in women; this type has a better prognosis than android obesity has.

gynecoid pelvis
the normal female pelvis: a rounded oval pelvis with well rounded anterior and posterior segments.

gynecologist
(gi″nә-) (jin″ә-kol´ә-jist) a specialist in gynecology.

gynecology
(gi″nә-) (jin″ә-kol´ә-je) the branch of medicine that deals with diseases unique to women, especially those of the genital tract and breasts.

gynecomastia
(gi″nә-) (jin″ә-ko-mas´te-ә) enlargement of one or both breasts in a male, usually seen in adolescents or elderly men due to excessive estrogen activity; occasionally there is even excretion of milk.

gynecopathy
(gi″nә-) (jin″ә-kop´ә-the) any disease unique to women.

gynephobia
(gi″nә-) (jin″ә-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of or aversion to women.

gynogenesis
(gi″no-) (jin″o-jen´ә-sis) development of an egg that is stimulated by a spermatozoon in the absence of any participation of the spermatozoon nucleus.

gynopathic
(gi″no-) (jin″o-path´ik) pertaining to disease of women.

gynoplastics
(gi″no-) (jin″o-plas´tiks) plastic or reconstructive surgery of female reproductive organs. adj., gynoplas´tic., adj.

Günther disease
(gēn´ter) congenital erythropoietic porphyria.

gypsum
(jip´sәm) native calcium sulfate, which when calcined becomes plaster of paris; used in making plaster casts for fractures and for taking dental impressions.

gyrate
(ji´rāt) convoluted; ring- or spiral-shaped.

gyrate erythema
erythema multiforme having lesions of different shapes, such as rings, arcs, or meshes, which tend to migrate and spread peripherally with central clearing. There are three basic types: erythema annulare centrifugum, erythema chronicum migrans, and erythema gyratum repens.

gyration
(ji-ra´shәn) revolution about a fixed center.

gyrectomy
(ji-rek´tә-me) excision or resection of a cerebral gyrus, or a portion of the cerebral cortex.

Gyrencephala
(ji″rәn-sef´ә-lә) a group of higher mammals, including humans and other primates, having cerebral hemispheres marked by convolutions.

gyrencephalic
(ji″rәn-sә-fal´ik) pertaining to the Gyrencephala. having cerebral hemispheres marked by convolutions.