Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

hemorrhagic diathesis
a predisposition to abnormal hemostasis and hemorrhage.

hemorrhagic disease of newborn
a self-limited hemorrhagic disorder of the first days of life, caused by deficiency of vitamin K–dependent blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X.

hemorrhagic encephalitis
that in which there is inflammation of the brain with hemorrhagic foci and perivascular exudate.

hemorrhagic fevers
a group of viral diseases that affect the permeability of the blood vessels. Although they are caused by a wide variety of viruses, they all have many similar characteristics. Most types occur in the tropics, but they can be found throughout the world. They are usually transmitted by the bites of insects or other arthropo...

hemorrhagic pericarditis
a type in which the exudate is bloody as well as serous, serofibrinous, or purulent; causes include tuberculosis, uremia, severe acute infections, and cancer.

hemorrhagic retinopathy
retinopathy marked by profuse hemorrhaging in the retina, occurring in diabetes, occlusion of the central vein, and hypertension.

hemorrheology
(he″mo-re-ol´ә-je) the scientific study of the deformation and flow properties of cellular and plasmatic components of blood in macroscopic, microscopic, and submicroscopic dimensions and the rheologic properties of vessel structure with which the blood comes in direct contact.

hemorrhoid
(hem´ә-roid) prolapse of an anal cushion, resulting in bleeding and painful swelling in the anal canal. Hemorrhoids: (A), internal; (B), external; (C), mixed; (D), thrombosed. external hemorrhoid one below the pectinate line; with this type the...

hemorrhoidal arteries
the rectal arteries (inferior, middle, and superior).

hemorrhoidal veins
rectal veins (inferior, middle, or superior).

hemorrhoidal zone
that part of the anal canal extending from the anal valves to the anus and containing the rectal venous plexus.

hemorrhoidectomy
(hem″ә-roid-ek´tә-me) surgical excision of hemorrhoids; the most common methods are Barron ligation and laser procedures.

hemosiderin
(he″mo-sid´әr-in) a pigment that is a product of hemolysis; it is an insoluble form of storage iron that is visible microscopically both with and without the use of special stains.

hemosiderin test
see specific tests, including Perls test and Rous test.

hemosiderinuria
(he″mo-sid″әr-ĭ-nu´re-ә) the presence of hemosiderin in the urine, such as in hemochromatosis; called also urinary siderosis.

hemosiderosis
(he″mo-sid″әr-o´sis) a focal or general increase in tissue iron stores without associated tissue damage. hepatic hemosiderosis the deposit of an abnormal quantity of hemosiderin in the liver, when this is not associated with cirrhosis, as hemochromatosis is. ...

hemospermia
(he″mo-spur´me-ә) the presence of blood in the semen; called also hematospermia.

hemostasis
(he″mo-sta´sis) (he-mos´tә-sis) arrest of the escape of blood by either natural means (clot formation or vessel spasm) or artificial means (compression or ligation). interruption of blood flow to a part.

hemostat
(he´mo-stat) an instrument, such as a clamp, that stops hemorrhage by compressing a bleeding vessel. a chemical or mechanical agent that stops hemorrhage from an open vessel.

hemostatic
(he″mo-stat´ik) checking blood flow. hemostat (def. 2).

hemostatic sutures
sutures used to control oozing of blood from raw areas.

hemostyptic
(he″mo-stip´tik) hemostatic.

hemotherapy
(he″mo-ther´ә-pe) the use of blood in treating disease.

hemothorax
(he″mo-thor´aks) a pleural effusion containing blood; called also hemopleura.

hemotoxic
(he´mo-tok″sik) hematotoxic.

hemotoxin
(he´mo-tok″sin) an exotoxin characterized by hemolytic activity.

hemotroph
(he´mo-trōf) the total of all the nutritive material from the circulating blood of the maternal body, utilized by the early embryo. adj., hemotroph´ic., adj.

HemoVac
(he´mo-vak) trademark for a portable wound suction device that is compressed to provide gentle suction; an internal spring slowly expands to create a negative suction pressure of approximately 45 mg Hg.

Hench-Rosenberg syndrome
(hench´ ro´zәn-bәrg) palindromic rheumatism.

Henderson-Jones disease
(hen´dәr-sәn jōnz´) osteochondromatosis characterized by the presence of numerous cartilaginous foreign bodies in the joint cavity or in the bursa of a tendon sheath.

Henderson-Paterson bodies
molluscum bodies.

Henle ampulla
(hen´le) ampulla ductus deferens.

Henle layer
(hen´le) the outermost layer of the inner root sheath of the hair follicle.

Henle ligament
(hen´le) a lateral expansion of the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle which attaches to the pubic bone.

Henle loop
(hen´le) the U-shaped part of the nephron extending from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubule.

Henle membrane
(hen´le) fenestrated membrane.

Henle sheath
(hen´le) endoneurium.

Henle tubule
(hen´le) Henle loop.

Hennebert sign
rotatory nystagmus when positive or negative pressure is applied to the tympanic membrane, indicative of labyrinthitis with leakage of perilymph; positive pressure (air compression) causes nystagmus toward the affected side, and negative pressure (air rarefaction) causes nystagmus away from the affected side.

Hennings sign
an angular deformity of the angulus of the stomach, in which it assumes a Gothic arch shape; a sign of chronic gastric ulcer. Called also Gothic arch formation.

Henoch purpura
(hen´ok) a type of Henoch-Schönlein purpura in which abdominal symptoms predominate.

Henoch-Schönlein purpura
(hen´ok shern´līn) Henoch-Schönlein syndrome a type of nonthrombocytopenic purpura, of unknown cause but thought to be due to a vasculitis; it is most often seen in children and is associated with symptoms such as urticaria and erythema, arthritis and other joint diseases, gastrointestinal symptoms, and renal involv...

Hensen body
a rounded modified Golgi net under the cuticle of an outer hair cell of the organum spirale.

Hensen cells
tall supporting cells arranged in rows adjacent to the last row of outer phalangeal cells, constituting the outer border of the organ of Corti.

Henshaw test
a test to aid in the selection of the appropriate homeopathic remedy in a given case of disease. A visible flocculation zone develops in the patient's blood serum when it is brought into contact with a potentized remedy homeopathically indicated in the case.

Hepacivirus
(hep-as´ĭ-vi″rәs) the hepatitis C viruses, a genus of the family Flaviviridae that cause hepatitis C.

Hepadnaviridae
(hep-ad″nә-vir´ĭ-de) the hepatitis B–like viruses, a family of DNA viruses that cause infections, including hepatitis B, in humans and other animals. The human pathogens are in genus Orthohepadnavirus.

hepadnavirus
(hep-ad´nә-vi″rәs) any virus of the family Hepadnaviridae.

hepar
(he´pahr) Latin word meaning liver.

heparan sulfate
(hep´ә-ran) a sulfated mucopolysaccharide structurally related to heparin, which occurs normally in the liver, aorta, and lung; it is an accumulation product in several mucopolysaccharidoses.

heparin
(hep´ә-rin) an acid mucopolysaccharide present in many tissues, especially the liver and lungs, and having potent anticoagulant properties. a mixture of active principles capable of prolonging blood clotting time, obtained from domestic animals; used in the prophylaxis and treatment of clotting disor...

heparinize
(hep´ә-rĭ-nīz″) to treat with heparin.

hepatalgia
(hep″ә-tal´jә) pain in the liver.

hepatatrophia
(hep″ә-tә-tro´fe-ә) atrophy of the liver.

hepatectomize
(hep″ә-tek´tә-mīz) to surgically remove all or part of the liver.

hepatectomy
(hep″ә-tek´tә-me) surgical excision of all (total hepatectomy) or part (partial or subtotal hepatectomy) of the liver.

hepatic
(hә-pat´ik) pertaining to the liver.

hepatic artery proper
origin, common hepatic artery; branches, right and left branches; distribution, liver, gallbladder.

hepatic cell
one of the polyhedral epithelial cells that constitute the substance of a liver acinus; called also hepatocyte and liver cell.

hepatic clearance
the removal of a substance from the blood via the liver.

hepatic coma
coma accompanying hepatic encephalopathy (cerebral damage resulting from degeneration of liver cells), especially that associated with cirrhosis.

hepatic duct
one of the bile ducts, conveying excretions from the liver, including branches in the lobes of the liver.

hepatic encephalopathy
a condition, usually occurring secondary to advanced liver disease, marked by disturbances of consciousness that may progress to deep coma (hepatic coma), psychiatric changes of varying degree, flapping tremor, and fetor hepaticus.

hepatic flexure
right colic flexure.

hepatic function test
liver function test.

hepatic lobes
lobes of liver.

hepatic lobules
the small vascular units composing the substance of the liver. See illustration at portal lobule.

hepatic porphyria
porphyria in which the excess formation of porphyrin or its precursors is found in the liver; it includes acute intermittent porphyria, variegate porphyria, and hereditary coproporphyria.

hepatic portal circulation
portal circulation (def. 2).

hepatic portal vein
portal vein.

hepatic schistosomiasis
the chronic form of either schistosomiasis mansoni or schistosomiasis japonica in which the liver is involved. Parasite eggs lodge in the portal venules of the liver and stimulate an inflammatory reaction with fibrosis of the veins; as portal veins and venules are destroyed, there is portal hypertension.

hepatic veins
veins that receive blood from the central veins of the liver. The upper group usually consists of three large veins (left, middle, and right hepatic veins), and the lower group consists of six to twenty small veins, which come from the right and caudate lobes of the liver. Their branches arise within the hepatic tissue, and the...

hepatic venoocclusive disease
venoocclusive disease of the liver.

hepaticoduodenostomy
(hә-pat″ĭ-ko-doo″o-dә-nos´tә-me) a type of hepaticoenterostomy in which the hepatic duct empties into the duodenum.

hepaticoenterostomy
(hә-pat″ĭ-ko-en″tәr-os´tә-me) anastomosis of the hepatic duct to the intestine (duodenum or jejunum).

hepaticogastrostomy
(hә-pat″ĭ-ko-gas-tros´tә-me) anastomosis of the hepatic duct to the stomach.

hepaticojejunostomy
(hә-pat″ĭ-ko-jә-joo-nos´tә-me) a type of hepaticoenterostomy in which the hepatic duct empties into the jejunum.

hepaticolithotomy
(hә-pat″ĭ-ko-lĭ-thot´ә-me) incision of the hepatic duct with removal of calculi.

hepaticolithotripsy
(hә-pat″ĭ-ko-lith´o-trip-se) the crushing of a calculus in the hepatic duct.

hepaticostomy
(hә-pat″ĭ-kos´tә-me) fistulization of the hepatic duct.

hepaticotomy
(hә-pat″ŏ-kot´ә-me) incision of the hepatic duct.

hepatitis
(hep″ә-ti´tis) pl. hepati´tides Inflammation of the liver.

hepatitis A
a type dependent on exposure to hepatitis A virus from an infected person; the primary mode of transmission is ingestion of something contaminated with feces. This type is seen most often in children and young adults, especially under conditions of poor sanitation and overcrowding. It is often a mild disease that resemble...

hepatitis A vaccine inactivated
an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from an attenuated strain of hepatitis A virus grown in cell culture; administered intramuscularly.

hepatitis A virus
(HAV) any virus of the genus Hepatovirus that causes hepatitis A. This has the most rapid onset of the hepatitis viruses affecting humans; transmission is easier than for the hepatitis B and C viruses, but infection generally does not persist.

hepatitis B
a type caused by exposure to hepatitis B virus; the most common route of transmission is through blood and blood products, such as in transfusions or contaminated needles. The virus has also been found in body fluids such as tears, saliva, and semen, which qualifies this as a sexually transmitted disease. It can also be transmi...

hepatitis B core antigen
(HBcAg) a core protein antigen of the hepatitis B virus present inside complete virions (Dane particles) and in the nuclei of infected hepatic cells, indicating the presence of reproducing hepatitis B virus. The antigen is not present in the blood of infected individuals, but antibodies against it appear dur...

hepatitis B e antigen
(HBeAg) an antigen of hepatitis B virus sometimes present in the blood during acute infection, usually disappearing afterward but sometimes persisting in chronic disease. Anti-HBe antibodies appear transiently during convalescence and do not protect against reinfection.

hepatitis B immune globulin
(HBIG) a specific immune globulin derived from plasma of human donors with high titers of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); used for postexposure prophylaxis following contact with HBsAg-positive materials, also administered to infants of HBsAg-positive mothers.

hepatitis B surface antigen
(HBsAg) one present in the serum of those infected with hepatitis B, consisting of the surface coat lipoprotein of the hepatitis B virus. Tests for serum HbsAg are used in the diagnosis of hepatitis B and in testing blood products for infectivity.

hepatitis B vaccine
a preparation of hepatitis B surface antigen, derived either from human plasma of carriers of hepatitis B (hepatitis B vaccine inactivated) or from cloning in yeast cells (hepatitis B vaccine [recombinant]); administered intramuscularly.

hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant)
a noninfectious viral vaccine derived by recombination from hepatitis B surface antigen and cloned in yeast cells; administered intramuscularly for immunization of children and adolescents and of persons at increased risk for infection.

hepatitis B virus
(HBV) a species of genus Orthohepadnavirus that causes hepatitis B.

hepatitis B–like viruses
members of the family Hepadnaviridae.

hepatitis C
a type caused by exposure to hepatitis C virus, the most common type seen after transfusions or injected drug abuse. It is spread in various ways; although some infected persons have no known risk factors except sexual relations with an infected person, it is believed that sexual transmission is rare. This is a common type of s...

hepatitis C virus
a species of genus Hepacivirus that causes hepatitis C; its latency period may last 30 years or more.

hepatitis C–like viruses
Hepacivirus.

hepatitis D
infection with the hepatitis D virus, which can happen only after or at the same time as infection by hepatitis B virus; symptoms of this type are similar to those of hepatitis B, although the double infection is often more severe.

hepatitis D virus
hepatitis delta virus a defective RNA virus, thought of as a parasite of the hepatitis B virus and transmitted with it; it requires enzymes and other assistance from HBV to replicate. This virus magnifies the pathogenicity of hepatitis B virus many times and is the etiologic agent of hepatitis D.

hepatitis E
a type of viral hepatitis caused by exposure to hepatitis E virus, transmitted by ingestion of something contaminated with feces, usually water. There is not a chronic form, but acute infection may be fatal in pregnant women. Called also enterically transmitted non-A, non-B h.