Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

hemoblast
(he´mo-blast) blast cell.

hemoblastic leukemia
hemocytoblastic leukemia acute undifferentiated leukemia.

Hemoccult
(he´mo-kәlt) trademark for a guaiac reagent strip test for occult blood.

hemochorial
(he″mo-kor´e-әl) denoting a type of placenta in which maternal blood comes in direct contact with the chorion.

hemochromatosis
(he″mo-kro″mә-to´sis) a disorder of iron metabolism with excess deposition of iron in the tissues, bronze skin pigmentation, cirrhosis, and diabetes mellitus; see also hemosiderosis and siderosis. Called also bronze diabetes and iron storage disease. adj., hemochromatot´ic., adj.

hemoclasis
(he-mok´lә-sis) hemolysis.

hemoconcentration
(he″mo-kon″sәn-tra´shәn) increase in the proportion of formed elements in the blood, as a result of a decrease in its fluid content.

hemoconia
(he″mo-ko´ne-ә) pl. hemoco´niae minute colorless bodies found in blood, thought to be products of the disintegration of erythrocytes.

hemoconiosis
(he″mo-ko″ne-o´sis) presence in blood of excessive amounts of hemoconia.

hemocyte
(he´mo-sīt) blood cell.

hemocytoblast
(he″mo-si´to-blast) blast cell.

hemocytometer
(he″mo-si-tom´ә-tәr) a device used in manual blood cell counts consisting of a counting chamber of uniform depth that is covered by a ruled cover glass so that the region under each ruled square contains a known volume of the diluted blood specimen.

hemocytotripsis
(he″mo-si″to-trip´sis) disintegration of blood cells by pressure.

hemodiafiltration
(he″mo-di″ә-fil-tra´shәn) a technique of hemodialysis in which blood flow is accelerated to twice that of conventional dialysis; the speed of blood flow is 500 mL/min, so that this technique requires two dialyzers in series and replaces the rapid loss of volume with backfiltration from dialysate ...

hemodiagnosis
(he″mo-di″әg-no´sis) diagnosis by examination of the blood.

hemodialysis
(he″mo-di-al´ә-sis) the use of principles of dialysis for removal of certain elements from the blood while it is being circulated outside the body in a hemodialyzer or through the peritoneal cavity (see peritoneal dialysis, done to remove toxic wastes from the blood of a patient with acute or chronic renal failure...

hemodialysis catheter
a catheter used on a temporary basis for vascular access for hemodialysis; usually some type of central venous catheter.

hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis
that occurring in patients on long-term hemodialysis, caused by the deposition of beta2-microglobulin, which cannot be removed from the blood by dialysis, in the joints, synovial membranes, and tendon sheaths. Manifestations include carpal tunnel syndrome and arthritis.

hemodialyzer
(he″mo-di´ә-līz″әr) an apparatus by which hemodialysis may be performed; blood is brought in contact with a semipermeable membrane on whose other side is a dialysate solution of such composition as to secure diffusion of certain elements out of the blood.

hemodialyzer membrane
the semipermeable membrane that filters the blood in a hemodialyzer, commonly made of cuprophane, cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, or polysulfone.

hemodilution
(he″mo-di-loo´shәn) increase in the fluid content of blood, resulting in diminution of the concentration of formed elements.

hemodynamic
(he″mo-di-nam´ik) pertaining to the movements involved in the circulation of the blood.

hemodynamic monitoring
continuous monitoring of the movement of blood and the pressures being exerted in the veins, arteries, and chambers of the heart. Current invasive techniques permit monitoring of intra-arterial blood pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, left atrial pressure, and central venous pressure.

hemodynamics
(he″mo-di-nam´iks) the study of the movements of the blood and the forces concerned therein. adj., hemodynam´ic., adj.

hemofiltration
(he″mo-fil-tra´shәn) the removal of waste products from the blood by using large amounts of ultrafiltration with reinfusion of sterile replacement fluid. See also hemoperfusion. continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration a form of continuous renal replacement therapy consisting o...

hemoflagellate
(he″mo-flaj´ә-lāt) any flagellate protozoan parasitic in the blood.

hemofuscin
(he″mo-fūs´in) a brownish-yellow pigment resulting from hemoglobin decomposition; it gives urine a deep ruddy color.

hemogenic
(he″mo-jen´ik) hematopoietic (def. 1).

hemoglobin
(Hb) (he´mo-glo″bin) the main functional constituent of the erythrocyte, serving as the oxygen-carrying protein; it is a type of hemoprotein in which each molecule contains two pairs of polypeptide chains, the globins, each with an attached heme molecule that contains iron and a protoporphyrin mol...

hemoglobin Bart's
an abnormal hemoglobin composed of four γ chains having high oxygen affinity, seen in Southeast Asians and a few other groups; infants born with only this type of hemoglobin have hydrops fetalis and usually die within a few hours. Hemoglobin Bart's is often found mixed with hemoglobin H, resulting in α-thalassemia.

hemoglobin C
a common abnormal hemoglobin in which lysine replaces glutamic acid at position six of the β chains; it was one of the earliest hemoglobins to have its molecular abnormality defined. The homozygous state manifests as the anemic condition called hemoglobin C disease, and the asymptomatic heterozygous state is called hemoglo...

hemoglobin C disease
the state of being homozygous for hemoglobin C, characterized by enlargement of the spleen, mild to moderate hemolytic anemia, recurrent jaundice, and increased numbers of target cells and reticulocytes in the peripheral blood.

hemoglobin C trait
the heterozygous state for hemoglobin C; it is asymptomatic although individuals have increased target cells in the blood. See also hemoglobin C–thalassemia disease.

hemoglobin C–thalassemia
hemoglobin C–thalassemia disease a hereditary disorder in which individuals are simultaneously heterozygous for hemoglobin C and thalassemia, and have mild hemolytic anemia as well as enlargement of the spleen.

hemoglobin D
any of several abnormal hemoglobins, all characterized by electrophoretic mobility equal to that of hemoglobin S on paper or cellulose acetate but unequal on acid agar gel. The most common one is h. D Los Angeles (also known as h. D Punjab), which has glycine substituted for glutamic acid at position 121 of the β chain. In the h...

hemoglobin D disease
the state of being homozygous for hemoglobin D, characterized by mild hemolytic anemia with numerous target cells in the peripheral blood.

hemoglobin disease
any of the hereditary conditions caused by the presence of abnormal hemoglobins in the blood, such as sickle cell anemia or various types of hemolytic anemia and thalassemia.

hemoglobin E
an abnormal hemoglobin with lysine substituted for glutamic acid at position 26 of the β chain, seen most often in Southeast Asia, especially Thailand. The homozygous state may be asymptomatic or may be manifested as the anemic state called hemoglobin E disease, while the heterozygous state is clinically silent.

hemoglobin E disease
the state of being homozygous for hemoglobin E; many patients are asymptomatic, but others have mild hemolytic anemia, usually without enlargement of the spleen, as well as increased numbers of normally colored target cells in the peripheral blood.

hemoglobin H
a rapidly migrating abnormal hemoglobin composed of four β chains, having a high oxygen affinity, found mainly in Southeast Asians, natives of the Mediterranean region, and a few other ethnic groups. Infants may be born with a mixture of hemoglobin H and hemoglobin Bart's. See hemoglobin H disease.

hemoglobin H disease
α-thalassemia in individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin H; affected individuals have chronic hemolytic anemia and an enlarged spleen, with pale red blood cells and sometimes other irregularities of the red cells.

hemoglobin S
the most common abnormal hemoglobin, having valine substituted for glutamic acid at position 6 of the β chain; persons who are homozygous for this have sickle cell anemia; those who are heterozygous are asymptomatic carriers of the sickle cell trait.

hemoglobin SC disease
sickle cell–hemoglobin C disease.

hemoglobin SD disease
sickle cell–hemoglobin D disease.

hemoglobinemia
(he″mo-glo″bin-e´me-ә) presence of free hemoglobin in the blood plasma.

hemoglobinolysis
(he″mo-glo″bin-ol´ә-sis) the splitting up of hemoglobin.

hemoglobinometer
(he″mo-glo″bin-om´ә-tәr) a laboratory instrument for colorimetric determination of the hemoglobin content of the blood.

hemoglobinometry
(he″mo-glo″bin-om´ә-tre) measurement of the hemoglobin content of the blood, usually with a hemoglobinometer after the hemoglobin has been converted to cyanmethemoglobin.

hemoglobinopathy
(he″mo-glo″bin-op´ә-the) any blood disorder caused by changes in the genetically determined molecular structure of hemoglobin; these have characteristic clinical and laboratory abnormalities and result in conditions such as hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia, and thalassemia. sometimes more s...

hemoglobinous
(he″mo-glo´bĭ-nәs) containing hemoglobin.

hemoglobinuria
(he″mo-glo″bĭ-nu´re-ә) the presence of free hemoglobin in the urine. adj., hemoglobinu´ric., adj. march hemoglobinuria hemolysis caused by repeated uncushioned shocks or trauma to some body part, such as in some soldiers on long marches, in maratho...

hemoglobinuric fever
malaria accompanied by hemoglobinuria; see blackwater fever.

hemogram
(he´mo-gram) a graphic representation of a detailed blood assessment such as the complete blood count or the differential leukocyte count.

hemohistioblastic syndrome
reticuloendotheliosis.

hemokinesis
(he″mo-kĭ-ne´sis) circulation. adj., hemokinet´ic., adj.

hemolymph
(he´mo-limf″) blood and lymph. the bloodlike fluid of invertebrates having open blood-vascular systems.

hemolymphangioma
(he″mo-lim-fan″je-o´mә) hematolymphangioma.

hemolysate
(he-mol´ә-sāt) the product of hemolysis.

hemolysin
(he-mol´ә-sin) a substance that liberates hemoglobin from erythrocytes by interrupting their structural integrity.

hemolysis
(he-mol´ә-sis) rupture of erythrocytes with release of hemoglobin into the plasma. Certain toxins, and substances called hemolysins, can do this. Intravenous administration of a hypotonic solution or distilled water will also destroy red blood cells by causing them to fill with fluid until their membranes rupture....

hemolytic anemia
anemia caused by increased destruction of red blood cells; along with the usual symptoms of anemia, many patients have jaundice. Erythroblastosis fetalis is an often fatal type seen in infants who have Rh incompatibility with their mothers' blood. Other types result from mismatched blood transfusions; from industrial poisons or...

hemolytic anemia of newborn
erythroblastosis fetalis.

hemolytic crisis
an uncommon type of sickle cell crisis in which there is acute red blood cell destruction with jaundice.

hemolytic disease of newborn
erythroblastosis fetalis.

hemolytic jaundice
a rare, chronic, usually hereditary disease characterized by periods of excessive breakdown of red blood cells because they are abnormally small and fragile; the spleen also becomes enlarged. See also hyperbilirubinemia. The hereditary form is also known as familial acholuric jaundice; there is also a rare acquired form.

hemolytic splenomegaly
enlargement of the spleen associated with hemolytic diseases of the blood.

hemolytic uremic syndrome
a form of thrombotic microangiopathy with renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and severe thrombocytopenia and purpura, usually seen in children but occurring at any age. Some authorities consider it identical to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

hemolyze
(he´mo-līz) to subject to hemolysis. to undergo hemolysis.

hemomediastinum
(he″mo-me″di-әs-ti´nәm) an effusion of blood into the mediastinum.

hemometra
(he″mo-me´trә) hematometra.

hemonephrosis
(he″mo-nә-fro´sis) hematonephrosis.

hemopathology
(he″mo-pә-thol´ә-je) the study of diseases of the blood; called also hematopathology.

hemopathy
(he-mop´ә-the) any disease of the blood. adj., hemopath´ic., adj.

hemoperfusion
(he″mo-pәr-fu´zhәn) the passing of large volumes of blood over an adsorbent substance outside the body in order to remove toxic substances. See also hemofiltration.

hemopericardium
(he″mo-per″ĭ-kahr´de-әm) an accumulation of blood in the pericardial cavity.

hemoperitoneum
(he″mo-per″ĭ-to-ne´әm) an effusion of blood in the peritoneal cavity.

hemopexin
(he″mo-pek´sin) a heme-binding serum protein.

hemophagocyte
(he″mo-fa´go-sīt) a cell that destroys blood cells.

hemophil
(he´mo-fil) thriving on blood. a microorganism that grows best in media containing hemoglobin.

hemophilia
(he″mo-fil´e-ә) a hereditary disorder characterized by a strong tendency to bleed. The most common types are carried as sex-linked genes with females carrying the trait and disease manifestations almost always in males. All daughters of affected men will be carriers for the gene of hemophilia. The two most c...

hemophilic
(he-mo-fil´ik) pertaining to hemophilia. in bacteriology, growing well on culture media containing blood or having a nutritional requirement for constituents of fresh blood.

hemophilic arthritis
bleeding into the joint cavities.

hemophilic bacterium
one that has a nutritional affinity for constituents of blood or whose growth is stimulated by blood-enriched media.

hemophobia
(he″mo-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of blood.

hemophthalmia
(he″mof-thal´me-ә) extravasation of blood inside the eye.

hemopleura
(he″mo-ploor´ә) hemothorax.

hemopleuropneumonic syndrome
a syndrome of dyspnea, hemoptysis, tachycardia, fever, pneumonia, and hydrothorax occurring after a puncture wound of the chest.

hemopneumopericardium
(he″mo-noo″mo-per″ĭ-kahr´de-әm) accumulated blood and air in the pericardium; called also pneumohemopericardium.

hemopneumothorax
(he″mo-noo″mo-thor´aks) pneumothorax with an accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity; called also pneumohemothorax.

hemopoiesis
(he″mo-poi-e´sis) hematopoiesis. adj., hemopoiet´ic., adj.

hemoprecipitin
(he″mo-pre-sip´ĭ-tin) a precipitin that precipitates erythrocytes.

hemoprotein
(he´mo-pro″tēn) a conjugated protein whose nonprotein portion is heme; examples include catalase, cytochrome, hemoglobin, and myoglobin.

hemopsonin
(he″mop-so´nin) an opsonin that renders erythrocytes more liable to phagocytosis.

hemoptysis
(he-mop´tĭ-sis) coughing and spitting of blood because of bleeding within the respiratory tract. The sputum is bright red and frothy with air bubbles, not the dark red or black color of hematemesis. Hemoptysis is most commonly seen in diseases such as tuberculosis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, tumors, ...

hemorrhage
(hem´ә-rәj) the escape of blood from a ruptured vessel; it can be either external or internal. Blood from an artery is bright red in color and comes in spurts; that from a vein is dark red and comes in a steady flow. Signs of significant internal hemorrhage include restlessness, cold and clammy skin, t...

hemorrhagenic
(hem″o-rә-jen´ik) causing hemorrhage.

hemorrhagic anemia
anemia caused by the sudden and acute loss of blood; called also acute posthemorrhagic anemia.

hemorrhagic bronchitis
chronic bronchitis with hemoptysis caused by a spirochetal infection. Called also bronchospirochetosis and Castellani disease.

hemorrhagic cholecystitis
cholecystitis with hemorrhage into the gallbladder; it is usually acalculous, but sometimes there are gallstones.

hemorrhagic cystitis
cystitis with severe hemorrhage; this may occur as a dose-limiting toxic condition with administration of ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide, or as a complication of bone marrow transplantation.