Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

hypnotherapy
(hip″no-ther´ә-pe) the therapeutic use of hypnotism.

hypnotic
(hip-not´ik) causing sleep; called also somniferous. an agent that causes sleep; called also somnifacient. pertaining to or of the nature of hypnosis or hypnotism.

hypnotism
(hip´no-tiz-әm) the study of or the method or practice of inducing hypnosis.

hypnotize
(hip´no-tīz) to induce hypnosis.

hypo
(hi´po) a colloquial abbreviation of hypodermic. sodium thiosulfate.

hypo-orthocytosis
(hi″po-or″tho-si-to´sis) leukopenia with a normal proportion of the various forms of leukocytes.

hypo-osmolality
(hi″po-oz″mo-lal´ĭ-te) decreased osmolality of the body fluids; body fluid volume increases and solute volumes usually decrease. Symptoms are those of hyponatremia such as cerebral edema with disorientation, focal neurologic deficits, and seizures.

hypo-osmotic
(hi″po-oz-mot´ik) containing a lower concentration of osmotically active components than a standard solution.

hypo-osmotic swelling test
(for viability of sperm) a sperm sample is put into a hypo-osmotic solution; spermatozoa with normal plasma membranes should undergo swelling and curling of their tails. If less than 50 per cent of the spermatozoa show this change, the sample is abnormal.

hypoacidity
(hi″po-ә-sid´ĭ-te) decreased acidity.

hypoactive sexual desire disorder
a sexual dysfunction consisting of persistently or recurrently low level or absence of sexual fantasies and of desire for sexual activity, causing pronounced distress or interpersonal difficulties.

hypoacusis
(hi″po-ә-ku´sis) slightly diminished hearing.

hypoadrenalism
(hi″po-ә-dre´nәl-iz-әm) adrenal insufficiency.

hypoadrenocorticism
(hi″po-ә-dre″no-kor´tĭ-siz-әm) adrenocortical insufficiency.

hypoalbuminemia
(hi″po-al-bu″min-e´me-ә) abnormally low levels of albumin in the blood.

hypoalbuminosis
(hi″po-al-bu″mĭ-no´sis) hypoalbuminemia.

hypoaldosteronism
(hi″po-al-dos´tә-ro-niz″әm) deficiency of aldosterone in the body.

hypoalimentation
(hi″po-al″ĭ-mәn-ta´shәn) insufficient nourishment.

hypoazoturia
(hi″po-az″o-tu´re-ә) diminished nitrogenous material in the urine.

hypobaric
(hi″po-bar´ik) characterized by less than normal pressure or weight; applied to gases under less than atmospheric pressure, or to solutions of lower specific gravity than another taken as a standard of reference.

hypobaric solution
one having a specific gravity less than that of a standard of reference.

hypobarism
(hi″po-bar´iz-әm) the condition resulting from exposure to ambient gas pressure or atmospheric pressures that are below those within body tissues, fluids, or cavities.

hypobaropathy
(hi″po-bar-op´ә-the) the disturbances experienced in high altitudes due to reduced air pressure; see high altitude sickness and mountain sickness. hypobarism.

hypoblast
(hi´po-blast) the embryonic precursor to the endoderm. adj., hypoblas´tic., adj.

hypocalcemia
(hi″po-kal-se´me-ә) diminished levels of calcium in the blood, manifested chiefly by increased neuromuscular irritability. When there is a deficit of ionized calcium, the neurons become more permeable, so that sodium and potassium can leak out of them. This produces excitation of the nerve fibers and triggers unco...

hypocalcemic cataract
punctate, sometimes cerulean, opacities, initially subcapsular, becoming lamellar, occurring with infantile tetany, hypoparathyroidism, or rickets.

hypocalciuria
(hi″po-kal″se-u´re-ә) abnormally diminished calcium in the urine.

hypocapnia
(hi″po-kap´ne-ә) deficiency of carbon dioxide in the blood; it results from hyperventilation and eventually leads to alkalosis. Called also hypocarbia. adj., hypocap´nic., adj.

hypocarbia
(hi″po-kahr´be-ә) hypocapnia.

hypocellularity
(hi″po-sel″u-lar´ĭ-te) abnormal decrease in the number of cells present, as in bone marrow.

hypochloremia
(hi″po-klor-e´me-ә) an abnormally low level of chloride in the blood; signs and symptoms are those of alkalosis. adj., hypochlore´mic., adj.

hypochloremic alkalosis
a metabolic alkalosis in which gastric losses of chloride are disproportionately greater than sodium loss because of corresponding increase in potassium loss.

hypochlorhydria
(hi″po-klor-hi´dre-ә) deficiency of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.

hypochlorite-orcinol test
(for glycerol) to 3 mL of the unknown add 3 drops of N/1 sodium hypochlorite solution and boil one minute to drive off chlorine. Then add an equal volume of strong hydrochloric acid and a little orcinol. Boil, and a violet or greenish blue color indicates glycerol or a sugar, or some substance that can be oxidized to a su...

hypochlorous acid
(hi″po-klor´әs) an unstable compound used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent.

hypochloruria
(hi″po-klor-u´re-ә) diminished chloride content in the urine.

hypocholesteremia
(hi″po-kә-les″tә-re´me-ә) hypocholesterolemia.

hypocholesterolemia
(hi″po-kә-les″tәr-ol-e´me-ә) an abnormally low level of cholesterol in the blood.

hypochondria
(hi″po-kon´dre-ә) plural of hypochondrium. hypochondriasis.

hypochondriac
(hi″po-kon´dre-ak) pertaining to the hypochondrium (see hypochondriac region). pertaining to hypochondriasis. a person affected with hypochondriasis.

hypochondriac region
either of the two abdominal regions that are in superior lateral locations, one on the left (left hypochondriac region) and one on the right (right hypochondriac region) of the epigastric region. Called also hypochondrium.

hypochondrial reflex
sudden inhalation caused by quick pressure beneath the lower border of the ribs.

hypochondriasis
(hi″po-kon-dri´ә-sis) a somatoform disorder marked by a preoccupation with one's health and bodily functions and by exaggeration of both normal sensations (such as heart beats, sweating, peristaltic action, and bowel movements) and minor complaints (such as a runny nose, minor aches and pains, or sligh...

hypochondrium
(hi″po-kon´dre-әm) pl. hypochon´dria hypochondriac region. adj., hypochon´drial., adj.

hypochondroplasia
(hi″po-kon″dro-pla´zhә) a common disorder of cartilage development transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait; clinical features resemble those of achondroplasia but are milder, such as short stature with a long trunk and short limbs, broad and short fingers; the face is normal in appearance.

hypochromasia
(hi″po-kro-ma´zhә) staining less intensely than normal. hypochromia (def. 1).

hypochromatism
(hi″po-kro´mә-tiz-әm) abnormally deficient pigmentation, especially deficiency of chromatin in a cell nucleus. hypochromia (def. 1).

hypochromia
(hi″po-kro´me-ә) decrease of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes so that they are abnormally pale. Called also hypochromasia and hypochromatism. adj., hypochro´mic., adj. hypochromatism (def. 1).

hypochromic anemia
anemia in which the decrease in hemoglobin is proportionately much greater than the decrease in number of erythrocytes.

hypochromic microcytic anemia
any anemia with microcytes that are hypochromic (reduced in size and in hemoglobin content); the most common type is iron deficiency anemia.

hypocitraturia
(hi″po-sĭ-tra-tu´re-ә) excretion of urine containing an abnormally small amount of citrate; it is an important cause of the formation of oxalate urinary calculi.

hypocomplementemia
(hi″po-kom″plә-men-te´me-ә) abnormally low complement levels in the blood.

hypocorticism
(hi″po-kor´ti-siz-әm) adrenocortical insufficiency.

hypocupremia
(hi″po-ku-pre´me-ә) abnormally diminished concentration of copper in the blood.

hypocyclosis
(hi″po-si-klo´sis) insufficient accommodation in the eye.

hypocythemia
(hi″po-si-the´me-ә) erythropenia.

hypodactyly
(hi″po-dak´tә-le) oligodactyly.

Hypoderma
(hi″po-dur´mә) a genus of parasitic insects, the ox-warble or heel flies, whose larvae cause warbles in cattle and a form of larva migrans in humans.

hypodermiasis
(hi″po-dәr-mi´ә-sis) a creeping eruption of the skin in humans and cattle caused by the larvae of Hypoderma.

hypodermic
(hi″po-dur´mik) beneath the skin; called also subcutaneous. hypodermic syringe. subcutaneous injection.

hypodermic injection
subcutaneous injection.

hypodermic needle
a hollow, sharp-pointed needle to be attached to a hypodermic syringe for injection of solutions.

hypodermis
(hi″po-dur´mis) subcutaneous tissue.

hypodermoclysis
(hi″po-dәr-mok´lĭ-sis) subcutaneous infusion.

hypodipsia
(hi″po-dip´se-ә) abnormally diminished thirst.

hypodynamia
(hi″po-di-na´me-ә) abnormally diminished power. adj., hypodynam´ic., adj.

hypoechoic
(hi″po-ә-ko´ik) in ultrasonography, giving off few echoes; said of tissues or structures that reflect relatively few of the ultrasonic waves directed at them.

hypoergia
(hi″po-ur´jә) hyposensitivity to allergens. adj., hypoer´gic., adj.

hypoergy
(hi″po-ur´je) hypoergia.

hypoesophoria
(hi″po-es″o-for´e-ә) deviation of the visual axes downward and inward.

hypoesthesia
(hi″po-es-the´zhә) abnormally decreased sensitivity to stimuli, particularly to touch. Called also hypesthesia. adj., hypoesthet´ic., adj.

hypoexophoria
(hi″po-ek″so-for´e-ә) deviation of the visual axes downward and laterally.

hypoferremia
(hi″po-fer-e´me-ә) deficiency of iron in the blood.

hypofertility
(hi″po-fәr-til´ĭ-te) subfertility. adj., hypofer´tile., adj.

hypofibrinogenemia
(hi″po-fi-brin″o-jә-ne´me-ә) deficiency of fibrinogen in the blood; called also fibrinogenopenia. See also afibrinogenemia.

hypofunction
(hi″po-funk´shәn) diminished function.

hypogalactia
(hi″po-gә-lak´she-ә) deficiency of lactation. adj., hypogalac´tous., adj.

hypogammaglobulinemia
(hi″po-gam″ә-glob″u-lĭ-ne´me-ә) abnormally low levels of all classes of immunoglobulins, associated with heightened susceptibility to infectious diseases; see also agammaglobulinemia, dysglobulinemia, and immunodeficiency. common variable hypogammaglobulinemia ...

hypoganglionosis
(hi″po-gang″gle-ә-no´sis) deficiency in the number of myentericganglion cells in the distal segment of the large bowel, resulting in constipation; a variant of congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung disease).

hypogastric
(hi″po-gas´trik) below the stomach. pertaining to the hypogastrium (hypogastric region). pertaining to the internal iliac artery.

hypogastric artery
internal iliac artery.

hypogastric nerve
a nerve trunk situated on either side (right and left), interconnecting the superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses.

hypogastric reflex
contraction of the muscles of the lower abdomen on stroking the skin of the inner surface of the thigh; cf. cremasteric reflex and Geigel reflex. Called also Bekhterev reflex.

hypogastric region
the abdominal region that is inferior and central in location, below the umbilical region and between the two iliac regions. Called also hypogastrium and suprapubic region.

hypogastrium
(hi″po-gas´tre-әm) hypogastric region.

hypogenesis
(hi″po-jen´ә-sis) defective development.

hypogenitalism
(hi″po-jen´ĭ-tәl-iz″әm) hypogonadism.

hypogeusesthesia
(hi″po-gldbomacs″es-the´zhә) hypogeusia.

hypogeusia
(hi″po-goo´zhә) diminished sensitivity of taste; called also amblygeustia and hypogeusesthesia.

hypoglossal
(hi″po-glos´әl) sublingual.

hypoglossal canal
an opening in the occipital bone, transmitting the hypoglossal nerve and a branch of the posterior meningeal artery; called also anterior condyloid foramen.

hypoglossal nerve
the twelfth cranial nerve; its modality is purely motor, serving the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and other muscles beneath the tongue. It originates as several rootlets in the groove between the olive and the pyramid of the medulla oblongata, and passes through the hypoglossal canal to the tongue.

hypoglossal paralysis
paralysis due to a lesion of the hypoglossal nucleus or nerve.

hypoglossia-hypodactyly syndrome
a rare syndrome consisting of partial to complete absence of the tongue and of the digits or one or more limbs. Called also aglossia-adactylia syndrome.

hypoglucagonemia
(hi″po-gloo″kә-gon-e´me-ә) abnormally reduced levels of glucagon in the blood.

hypoglycemia
(hi″po-gli-se´me-ә) an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood, usually because glucose has been either removed at an excessive rate or secreted into the blood at a decreased rate. This may be tolerated by normal persons for short periods, but if the blood sugar level remains very low for a long t...

hypoglycemic
(hi″po-gli-se´mik) pertaining to or characterized by hypoglycemia. a hypoglycemic agent.

hypoglycemic agent
any of various synthetic drugs that lower the blood GLUCOSE level and are used to treat type 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. They may stimulate synthesis of INSULIN by pancreatic beta CELLS, inhibit glucose production, facilitate transport of glucose to muscle cells, and sometimes increase the number of receptor sites where insulin can be...

hypoglycogenolysis
(hi″po-gli″ko-jәn-ol´ә-sis) defective splitting up of glycogen in the body.

hypoglycorrhachia
(hi″po-gli″ko-ra´ke-ә) abnormally low glucose content in the cerebrospinal fluid.