Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

infracalcarine gyrus
lingual gyrus.

infraclavicular
(in″frә-klә-vik´u-lәr) subclavian.

infraclavicular fossa
the triangular region of the chest just below the clavicle, between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles.

infraclavicular triangle
that formed by the clavicle above, the upper border of the greater pectoral muscle on the inside, and the anterior border of the deltoid muscle on the outside.

infraclusion
(in″frә-kloo´zhәn) failure of the occluding surface of a tooth to reach the normal occlusal plane, so that it is out of contact with the opposing tooth.

infracostal
(in″frә-kos´tәl) subcostal.

infraction
(in-frak´shәn) incomplete bone fracture without displacement.

infradian
(in″frә-de´әn) pertaining to the rhythmic repetition of certain phenomena of living organisms in cycles of less frequency than one a day; see also infradian rhythm.

infradian rhythm
the regular recurrence in cycles of more than 24 hours, as certain biological activities which occur at such intervals, regardless of conditions of illumination or other environmental conditions.

infraduction
(in″frә-duk´shәn) rotation of an eye around its horizontal axis so that it looks downward.

infrahyoid
(in″frә-hi´oid) subhyoid.

infrahyoid muscles
the muscles that anchor the hyoid bone to the sternum, clavicle, and scapula, including the sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid muscles.

inframammary region
the part of the pectoral region inferior to the breast, bordered inferiorly by the hypochondriac region of the abdomen.

inframaxillary
(in″frә-mak´sĭ-lar″e) submaxillary.

infranuclear
(in″frә-noo´kle-әr) below a nucleus.

infraorbital
(in″frә-or´bĭ-tәl) lying under or on the floor of the orbit; called also suborbital.

infraorbital artery
origin, maxillary artery; branches, anterior superior alveolar arteries; distribution, maxilla, maxillary sinus, upper teeth, lower eyelid, cheek, nose.

infraorbital canal
a small canal running obliquely through the floor of the orbit, transmitting the infraorbital vessels and nerve.

infraorbital foramen
a passage for the infraorbital nerve and artery.

infraorbital nerve
origin, continuation of the maxillary nerve, entering the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure, and passing through first the infraorbital groove, then the infraorbital canal, and then the infraorbital foramen; branches, middle and anterior superior alveolar, inferior palpebral, internal and external nasal, and superior l...

infrapatellar
(in″frә-pә-tel´әr) below or beneath the patella; called also subpatellar.

infrapatellar fat pad
a large pad of fat lying behind and below the patella.

infrared
(in-frә-red´) denoting electromagnetic radiation of wavelength greater than that of the red end of the spectrum, being 0.75–1000 μm. Infrared rays are sometimes subdivided into long-wave or far infrared (about 3.0–1000 μm) and short-wave or near infrared (about 0.75–3.0 μm). They a...

infrared radiation
the portion of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths between 0.75 and 1000 μm; see also infrared.

infrared rays
radiations just beyond the red end of the visible spectrum, having wavelengths of 0.75–1000 μm; see also infrared.

infrascapular
(in″frә-skap´u-lәr) subscapular.

infrasonic
(in″frә-son´ik) below the frequency range of sound waves.

infraspinatus muscle
origin, infraspinous fossa of scapula; insertion, greater tubercle of humerus; innervation, suprascapular nerve; action, rotates humerus laterally.

infraspinatus reflex
tapping a point over the scapula on a line bisecting the angle formed by its spine and its inner border causes outward rotation of the upper limb and straightening of the elbow.

infraspinous
(in″frә-spi´nәs) beneath the spine of the scapula.

infrasternal
(in″frә-stur´nәl) substernal.

infratemporal fossa
an irregularly shaped cavity medial or deep to the zygomatic arch.

infratentorial
(in″frә-ten-tor´e-әl) beneath the tentorium of the cerebellum.

infratrochlear
(in″frә-trok´le-әr) beneath a trochlea.

infratrochlear nerve
origin, nasociliary nerve from ophthalmic nerve; branches, palpebral branches; distribution, skin of root and upper bridge of nose and lower eyelid, conjunctiva, lacrimal duct; modality, general sensory.

infraversion
(in″frә-vur´zhәn) downward deviation of the eye. Called also deorsumversion. Infraversion of one (A) or both (B) eyes. infraclusion.

infundibular
(in″fәn-dib´u-lәr) pertaining to an infundibulum. funnel-shaped; called also choanoid.

infundibular body
neurohypophysis.

infundibuliform
(in″fәn-dib´u-lĭ-form) infundibular (def. 2).

infundibulum
(in″fәn-dib´u-lәm) pl. infundi´bula Latin word meaning funnel. In anatomy it is used for any funnel-shaped passage; called also choana. conus arteriosus. infundibulum of hypothalamus a hollow, funnel-shaped mass in front of the tuber cinereum, extending to t...

infusion
(in-fu´zhәn) the steeping of a substance in water to obtain its soluble principles. the product obtained by this process. the therapeutic introduction of fluid other than blood into a vein. subcutaneous infusion infusion of fluid, usually physiologic sali...

ingesta
(in-jes´tә) material taken into the body by mouth.

ingestant
(in-jes´tәnt) a substance that is or may be taken into the body by mouth or through the digestive system.

ingestion
(in-jes´chәn) the taking of food, drugs, liquids, or other substances into the body by mouth.

ingravescent
(in″grә-ves´әnt) gradually becoming more severe.

ingrown hair
one that has curved and reentered the skin, causing a papule that may become infected. See also pili incarnati.

ingrown nail
ingrown toenail.

ingrown toenail
aberrant growth of a toenail, with one or both lateral margins pushing deeply into adjacent soft tissue, causing pain, inflammation, and possible infection. The condition occurs most frequently in the great toe, and is often caused by pressure from tight-fitting shoes. Another common cause is improper cutting of the toena...

inguen
(ing´gwәn) pl. in´guina iliac region.

inguinal
(ing´gwĭ-nәl) pertaining to the inguen (inguinal region).

inguinal canal
the oblique passage in the lower anterior abdominal wall on either side, through which passes the round ligament of the uterus in the female, and the spermatic cord in the male.

inguinal hernia
hernia in the groin where the flesh of the abdomen meets the thigh. It is often the result of increased pressure within the abdomen, whether due to lifting, coughing, straining, or accident. This type comprises about 75 per cent of all hernias. A sac formed from the peritoneum and containing a portion of the intestine or omentu...

inguinal ligament
a fibrous band running from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the spine of the pubis; called also Poupart ligament.

inguinal reflex
Geigel reflex.

inguinal region
iliac region.

inguinal triangle
the triangular area bounded by the inner edge of the sartorius muscle, the inguinal ligament, and the outer edge of the long adductor muscle.

inguinocrural hernia
inguinofemoral hernia a combined inguinal and femoral hernia.

inguinoproperitoneal hernia
a hernia that is partly inguinal and partly properitoneal; called also Krönlein hernia.

inguinosuperficial hernia
an interstitial hernia that passes through the internal inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and external inguinal ring, at which point it is deflected upward and outward so as to lie upon the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.

INH
isoniazid.

inhalant
(in-ha´lәnt) a substance that is or may be taken into the body by way of the nose and trachea (through the respiratory system). a class of psychoactive substances whose volatile vapors are subject to abuse; see substance abuse.

inhalation
(in″hә-la´shәn) the drawing of air or other substances into the airways and lungs; see also aspiration. Called also inspiration. any drug or solution of drugs administered (as by means of nebulizers or aerosols) by the nasal or oral respiratory route.

inhalation anesthesia
anesthesia produced by the inhalation of a volatile liquid or gaseous anesthetic agent.

inhalation pneumonia
aspiration pneumonia. bronchopneumonia due to inhalation of irritating substances.

inhalation therapy
the term formerly used for respiratory care (def. 3).

inhalational anthrax
a usually fatal form of anthrax due to inhalation of dust containing anthrax spores, which are transported to the regional lymph nodes where they germinate, multiply, and produce toxin, and characterized by hemorrhagic, edematous mediastinitis, pleural effusions, dyspnea, cyanosis, stridor, and shock. It is usually an occupatio...

inhalational challenge
inhalational challenge test a type of challenge test done to determine reactivity to drugs or causative allergens in atopic or extrinsic asthma; a dilute concentrate of the suspected substance is inhaled and the patient is assessed for bronchial reactivity, which may be either early or late.

inhaler
(in-hāl´әr) an apparatus for administering vapor or volatilized medications by inhalation. ventilator. metered dose inhaler an inhaler used to deliver aerosolized medications in fixed doses to patients with respiratory disease.

inheritance
(in-her´ĭ-tәns) the acquisition of characters or qualities by transmission from parent to offspring. that which is transmitted from parent to offspring; see also entries under character, trait, and gene.

inhibited mode
a pacing mode in which a sensed event prevents or stops a pacing stimulus and starts a timing cycle.

inhibiting factors
factors elaborated by one structure (such as the hypothalamus) that inhibit release of hormones by other structures (such as the adenohypophysis). The term is applied to substances of unknown chemical structure; those of established chemical identity are called inhibiting hormones.

inhibiting hormones
hormones elaborated by one structure that inhibit release of hormones from another structure, such as those from the hypothalamus that act on the adenohypophysis. The term is applied to substances of established clinical identity; those whose chemical structure is still unknown are called inhibiting factors.

inhibition
(in″hĭ-bish´әn) restraint or termination of a process. in psychoanalysis, the conscious or unconscious restraining of an impulse or desire. adj., inhib´itory., adj. competitive inhibition inhibition of enzyme activity by an inhibitor (a substrate an...

inhibitor
(in-hib´ĭ-tәr) any substance that interferes with a chemical reaction, growth, or other biologic activity. a chemical substance that inhibits or checks the action of a tissue organizer or the growth of microorganisms. an effector that reduces the catalytic activity of an enzyme.

inhibitor of apoptosis protein
(IAP) any of a class of proteins that play a regulatory role in apoptosis in many species by inhibiting activity of the enzyme caspase activity, which in turn blocks apoptosis; such proteins are also expressed abnormally in many tumors.

inhibitory nerve
one that transmits impulses resulting in a decrease in functional activity.

inhibitory syndrome
the manifestations produced by a somatostatinoma, including diabetes mellitus, cholecystolithiasis, steatorrhea, indigestion, hypochlorhydria, and occasionally anemia.

inion
(in´e-on) the external occipital protuberance. adj., in´ial., adj.

iniopagus
(in″e-op´ә-gәs) conjoined twins joined at the occiput.

initial apnea
a condition in which a newborn fails to establish sustained respiration within two minutes of delivery.

initial cells
germ cells.

initis
(in-i´tis) myositis.

inject
(in-jekt´) to introduce by injection.

injection
(in-jek´shәn) the forcing of a liquid into a part, as into the subcutaneous tissues, the vascular tree, or an organ. a substance so forced or administered; in pharmacy, a solution of a medication suitable for such administration.

injury
(in´jә-re) harm or hurt; usually applied to damage inflicted on the body by an external force. Called also trauma and wound. deceleration injury injury caused when the body stops suddenly, such as by slamming against something, but the internal contents tend to keep moving ...

inkblot test
Rorschach test.

inlay
(in´la) material laid into a defect in tissue; in dentistry, a filling made outside the tooth to correspond with the cavity form and then cemented into the cavity.

inlay graft
a skin graft or mucosal graft applied by spreading the graft over a stent and suturing the graft and mold into a prepared pocket.

inlet
(in´lәt) a means or route of entrance. pelvic inlet the upper limit of the pelvis minor; called also pelvic brim. thoracic inlet the elliptical opening at the superior end of the thorax, bounded by the first thoracic vertebra, the first ribs and carti...

INN
International Nonproprietary Name.

innate
(ĭ-nāt´) inborn.

inner ear
internal ear the innermost part of the ear, consisting of the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals. The cochlea is concerned with hearing and the vestibule and semicircular canals with the sense of equilibrium.The bony portion (bony or osseous labyrinth) is composed of a series of canals tunneled out of the temporal bone. Insid...

inner table of skull
the inner compact layer of the skull.

innermost intercostal muscles
the layer of muscle fibers separated from the internal intercostal muscles by the intercostal nerves.

innervation
(in″әr-va´shәn) the distribution or supply of nerves to a part. the supply of nervous energy or of nerve stimulation sent to a part.

innidiation
(ĭ-nid″e-a´shәn) development of cells in a part to which they have been carried by metastasis.

innocent
(in´o-sәnt) benign.

innocent murmur
functional murmur.

innocent tumor
benign tumor.

innocuous
(ĭ-nok´u-әs) harmless.