Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

intrinsic muscle
one that is contained (origin, belly, and insertion) in the same limb or structure, such as those muscles entirely within the eye.

intrinsic pathway of coagulation
a sequence of reactions leading to fibrin formation, beginning with the contact activation of factor xii. This is followed by the sequential activation of factors xi and ix, which results in the activation of factor x. Activated factor X (factor Xa) initiates the common pathway of coagulation. See also extrinsic p. of coagulation.

intrinsic rate
in cardiac pacing terminology, the heart rate unaided by an artificial pacemaker, expressed in beats per minute (bpm). See also cycle length.

intrinsic stain
a stain that is within the enamel of a tooth and cannot be removed by polishing.

introitus
(in-tro´ĭ-tәs) Latin word meaning an entrance; a term used in anatomy.

introjection
(in″tro-jek´shәn) a type of defense mechanism in which loved or hated external objects are “absorbed” into the self in order to reduce anxiety from fear of loss (in the case of a loved object) or from fear of hostile or aggressive characteristics getting out of control (in the case of a hated obj...

intromission
(in″tro-mish´әn) the entrance of one part into another.

introspection
(in″tro-spek´shәn) contemplation or observation of one's thoughts and feelings; self-analysis. adj., introspec´tive., adj.

introsusception
(in″tro-sә-sep´shәn) intussusception.

introversion
(in″tro-vur´zhәn) the turning outside in, more or less completely, of an organ, or the resulting condition. preoccupation with oneself, with reduction of interest in the outside world. one of the two main personality types described by Jung in his system of analytic psychology; the othe...

introvert
(in´tro-vәrt) a person whose interest is turned inward to the self. to turn one's interest inward to the self. a structure that can be turned or drawn inwards. to turn a part or organ inward upon itself.

intruded tooth
a tooth that has intrusion and may appear to be absent; it will usually return to the normal position within one month.

intrusion
(in-troo´zhәn) in orthodontic therapy, a technique of depressing a tooth back into the occlusal plane or an effort to prevent its eruption or elongation during the correction of an excessive overbite. Called also tooth depression.

intubate
(in´too-bāt) to perform intubation.

intubation
(in″too-ba´shәn) the insertion of a tube, as into the larynx or gastrointestinal tract; the purpose varies with the location and type of tube inserted; generally it is done to allow drainage, to maintain an open airway, or to administer anesthetics or oxygen. See also cannulation and catheterization.

intumescence
(in-too-mes´әns) a swelling, normal or abnormal. the process of swelling. adj., intumes´cent., adj.

intumescent cataract
a mature cataract that progresses; the lens becomes swollen from the osmotic effect of degenerated lens protein, and this may lead to secondary angle-closure glaucoma.

intussusception
(in″tә-sә-sep´shәn) prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of an immediately adjacent part, causing partial or complete intestinal obstruction. It can occur in adults, such as because of a tumor, but is far more common in infants; it is one of the most common causes of intestinal ob...

intussusceptum
(in″tә-sә-sep´tәm) the portion of intestine that has prolapsed in intussusception.

intussuscipiens
(in″tә-sә-sip´e-әns) the portion of the intestine containing the intussusceptum.

inulin
(in´u-lin) a starch occurring in the rhizome of certain plants, which on hydrolysis yields fructose. It is used as a measure of glomerular function in tests of renal function.

inulin clearance
inulin clearance test an expression of the renal efficiency in eliminating inulin from the blood, a measure of the glomerular filtration rate.

inunction
(in-ungk´shәn) the act of anointing or applying an ointment by rubbing.

invaginate
(in-vaj´ĭ-nāt) to infold one portion of a structure within another portion.

invagination
(in-vaj″ĭ-na´shәn) the infolding of one part within another part of a structure, as of the blastula during gastrulation. intussusception. basilar invagination a developmental deformity of the occipital bone and upper end of the cervical spine in which the la...

invasion
(in-va´zhәn) the attack or onset of a disease. the infiltration and active destruction of surrounding tissue by a malignant tumor.

invasive
(in-va´siv) pertaining to or characterized by invasion. involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or injection of foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques and procedures.

invasive lobular carcinoma
an invasive type of breast cancer characterized by linear growth into stroma around the terminal part of the lobules of the mammary glands; this usually develops from lobular carcinoma in situ.

invasiveness
(in-va´siv-nis) the ability of a pathogenic microorganism to enter and spread throughout the body. the ability of a malignant tumor to be invasive.

inventory
(in´vәn-tor″e) a comprehensive list of personality traits, aptitudes, and interests. California Personality Inventory(CPI) a self-report, true-false questionnaire designed to measure aspects of personality style. It is generally used in counseling si...

inverse psoriasis
a seborrheic type with moist, erythematous lesions found most often in flexures such as the axillae and the inguinal region, or in skinfolds. Called also flexural psoriasis.

inverse square law
the intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between a point source and the irradiated surface.

inversion
(in-vur´zhәn) a turning inward, inside out, or other reversal of the normal relation of a part. a chromosomal aberration due to the inverted reunion of an internal segment after breakage of a chromosome at two points, resulting in a change in sequence of genes or nucleotides.

invert sugar
a mixture of equal amounts of dextrose and fructose, obtained by hydrolyzing sucrose; used in solution as a parenteral nutrient.

invertebrate
(in-vur´tә-brāt) having no vertebral column. any animal that has no vertebral column.

inverted radial reflex
a flexion of the fingers without movement of the forearm, produced by tapping the lower end of the radius; it indicates disease of the fifth cervical segment of the spinal cord associated with damage of the pyramidal tract below that level.

inverting suture
a type used in intestinal anastomosis to appose and invert the serosal surfaces of the two segments, as in Cushing sutures and Lembert sutures.

invest
(in-vest´) to envelop in or cover another tissue or part (as fascia). to surround, envelop, or embed in an investment material.

investing
(in-vest´ing) the covering or enveloping of a tissue or part by another tissue, such as a fascia.

investment
(in-vest´mәnt) any tissue, such as fascia, that envelops or covers other tissues or parts. a material applied as a soft paste to a pattern that hardens to form a mold for casting.

inveterate
(in-vet´әr-әt) confirmed and chronic; long-established and difficult to cure.

involucrum
(in″vo-loo´krәm) Latin word meaning a covering or sheath, as of a sequestrum.

involuntary
(in-vol´әn-tar″e) independent of the will. contrary to the will.

involuntary muscle
one that is not under the control of the will, including both smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.

involution
(in″vo-loo´shәn) a rolling or turning inward. a retrograde change of the entire body or in a particular organ, as the retrograde changes in the female genital organs that result in normal size after pregnancy ends. the progressive degeneration occurring naturally with advancing ag...

involutional osteoporosis
senile osteoporosis.

involved field
in radiation therapy, such as for malignant lymphoma, the irradiated area when irradiation has been limited to sites of detectable macroscopic disease. See also under irradiation.

involved field irradiation
irradiation of only the involved field in radiation therapy for malignant lymphoma.

inwardly rectifying current
current that rectifies so that it passes more easily towards the interior of a cell.

iobenguane
(i″o-ben´gwān) a norepinephrine analogue that is taken up by the neuroendocrine cells and concentrated in the hormone storage vesicles; labeled with radioactive iodine, it is used for diagnostic imaging of neuroendocrine tumors and disorders of the adrenal medulla.

iodamide
(i-o´dә-mīd) a water-soluble, radiopaque, iodinated radiographic contrast medium; used for intravenous excretory urography.

Iodamoeba
(i-o″dә-me´bә) a genus of amebas, including I. buetsch´lii, parasitic in humans, and I. su´is, found in pigs.

iodide
(i´o-dīd) a binary compound of iodine, such as potassium iodide; it inhibits the release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland.

iodide acne
iodine acne acne caused by ingestion of iodide compounds.

iodide goiter
that occurring in reaction to iodides at high concentrations, due to inhibition of iodide organification.

iodinated I 125 albumin
a radiopharmaceutical used in blood and plasma volume, circulation time, and cardiac output determinations, consisting of albumin human labeled with iodine-125.

iodinated I 131 albumin
a radiopharmaceutical used in blood pool imaging and plasma volume determinations, consisting of albumin human labeled with iodine-131.

iodination
(i″o-din-a´shәn) the incorporation or addition of iodine in a compound.

iodine
(I) (I´o-dīn) a chemical element, atomic number 53, atomic weight 126.904. Iodine is essential in nutrition, being especially prevalent in the colloid of the thyroid gland. It is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism and as a topical antiseptic. Iodine is a frequent cause of poisoning (see ...

iodine 123
a radioactive isotope of iodine having a half-life of 13.2 hours and emitting gamma rays and x-rays. It is used in diagnostic imaging and as radiation sources in radiation therapy. Symbol 123I.

iodine 125
a radioisotope of iodine having a half-life of 60.14 days and emitting gamma rays; used as a label in radioimmunoassays and other in vitro tests, and also for thyroid imaging. Symbol 125I.

iodine 131
a radioactive isotope of iodine having a half-life of 8.04 days and emitting beta particles and gamma rays. It is used as a tracer in diagnostic imaging and as a radiation source in radiation therapy. Symbol 131I.

iodine poisoning
iodism.

iodine solution
a transparent, reddish brown liquid, each 100 mL of which contains 1.8 to 2.2 g of iodine and 2.1 to 2.6 g of sodium iodide; a local antiinfective agent.

iodine test
(for starch) when a compound solution of iodine is added to starch, and especially to an acid or neutral solution of cooked starch paste, a deep-blue color is produced that disappears on heating and reappears on cooling. Erythrodextrin and glycogen give a red color with iodine.

iodinophilous
(i″o-din-of´ĭ-lәs) easily stainable with iodine.

iodipamide
(i″o-dip´ә-mīd) a radiopaque medium used in the form of its meglumine and sodium salts in cholangiography and cholecystography.

iodism
(i´o-diz-әm) chronic poisoning by iodine or iodides, with coryza, excessive salivation, frontal headache, emaciation, weakness, and skin eruptions.

iodized oil
an iodine addition product of vegetable oil; used as a radiopaque contrast medium in various diagnostic procedures.

iododerma
(i-o″do-dur´mә) any skin lesion resulting from iodism.

iodohippurate sodium
(i-o″do-hip´u-rāt) an iodine-containing compound that has been used as a radiopaque medium in pyelography. When labeled with radioactive iodine, it may be used as a diagnostic aid in determination of renal function and in renal imaging.

iodophil granules
granules staining brown with iodine, seen in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in various acute infectious diseases.

iodophilia
(i-o″do-fil´e-ә) a reaction shown by leukocytes in certain pathologic conditions, as in toxemia and severe anemia, in which the polymorphonuclears show diffuse brownish coloration when treated with iodine or iodides.

iodophor
(i-o´do-for) any of various compounds of iodine with carriers, used as surgical scrubs and surface disinfectants.

iodoquinol
(i-o″do-kwin´ol) an amebicide used in the treatment of amebic dysentery; also used topically as an antibacterial and antifungal.

iodotherapy
(i-o″do-ther´ә-pe) treatment with iodine or iodides.

ion
(i´on) an atom or group of atoms having a positive (cation) or negative (anion) electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost an electron; substances forming ions are called electrolytes. adj., ion´ic., adj. dipolar ion an ion that has both positive and negative regions of c...

ion channel
a cell membrane protein with an ion-specific transmembrane pore, through which which ions and small molecules pass into or out of a cell by diffusion downward along their electrochemical gradient. Called also protein c.

ion channelopathy
any of numerous hereditary conditions caused by mutations in genes encoding ion channels, resulting in abnormal function of the channels. Those involving calcium channels in heart muscle can cause Brugada syndrome or long QT syndrome; those involving sodium or potassium channels of nerves can cause familial periodic paralysis. Called...

ion exchange chromatography
that utilizing ion exchange resins, to which are coupled either cations or anions that will exchange with other cations or anions in the material passed through their meshwork.

ion exchange resin
a high-molecular-weight insoluble polymer of simple organic compounds capable of exchanging its attached ions for other ions in the surrounding medium; classified as (a)cation or anion exchange resins, depending on which ions the resin exchanges; and (b) carboxylic, sulfonic, and so on depending on the nature of the active grou...

Ionamin
(i-on´ә-min) trademark for a preparation of phentermine, an appetite suppressant.

ionic bond
a chemical bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another so that one bears a positive and the other a negative charge, the attraction between these opposite charges forming the bond.

ionization
(i″on-ĭ-za´shәn) any process by which a neutral atom or molecule gains or loses electrons, thus acquiring a net charge, as the dissociation of a substance in solution into ions or ion production by the passage of radioactive particles. iontophoresis.

ionization chamber
an enclosure containing two or more electrodes between which an electric current may be passed when the enclosed gas is ionized by radiation; used for determining the intensity of x-rays and other rays.

ionizing radiation
corpuscular or electromagnetic radiation that has enough energy to knock electrons out of atoms and thus create ions; see also radiation.

ionophore
(i-on´ә-for″) any molecule, as of a drug, that increases the permeability of cell membranes to a specific ion.

ionophose
(i´ŏ-no-fōz″) a sensation of seeing the color violet.

iontophoresis
(i-on″to-fә-re´sis) the introduction of ions of soluble salts into the body by an electric current. adj., iontophoret´ic., adj.

iopamidol
(i″o-pam´ĭ-dol) a nonionic, water-soluble radiopaque medium used in myelography.

iopanoic acid
(i″o-pә-no´ik) an iodinated radiopaque medium used in oral cholecystography and cholangiography.

iophendylate
(i″o-fen´dә-lāt) a radiopaque medium used in myelography.

iopromide
(i″o-pro´mīd) a nonionic, low-osmolality radiopaque medium used for cardiovascular imaging, excretory urology, and contrast enhancement in computed tomography.

iothalamate
(i″o-thal´ә-māt) a water-soluble iodinated radiopaque medium for a variety of radiographic procedures, including angiography, arthrography, urography, cholangiography, and computed tomographic imaging. Available as iothalamate meglumine, iothalamate sodium, or a mixture of the two salts.

ioversol
(i″o-vur´sol) a nonionic contrast medium used in angiography and urography and for contrast enhancement in computed tomography.

Iowa pressure articulation test
a test of the ability to produce the consonant sounds in isolated words, particularly the pressure sounds.

ioxaglate
(i″ok-sag´lāt) a low-osmolality radiopaque medium, used as the meglumine or sodium salt.

ioxilan
(i-ok´sĭ-lan) a low-viscosity, low-osmolality, nonionic contrast agent used in arteriography, excretory urography, and computed tomography.

ipecac
(ip´ә-kak) the dried rhizome and roots of Cephaelis ipecacuanha or Cephaelis acuminata; used as an emetic or expectorant.

ipodate
(i´po-dāt) a radiopaque contrast medium used in cholecystography.