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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

recurrent nerve
Synonym for recurrent laryngeal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A branch of a nerve (the vagus nerve) that comes down the neck and turns back ( recurs ) to supply the larynx (the voice box ). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

recurrent pneumonia in childhood
<radiology> IMMUNE PROBLEMS, immune deficiency, chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, ASPIRATION, GE reflux, H-type TE fistula, disorder of swallowing, oesophageal obstruction, UNDERLYING LUNG DISEASE, sequestration, brochopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, atopic asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans, sinu …

recurrent polyserositis
Familial Mediterranean fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Repeated attacks of cholangitis, commonly noted among Asians living in Asia, associated with the presence of multiple intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones and strictures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent radial artery
Synonym for radial recurrent artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, radial; distribution, ascends around lateral side of elbow joint; anastomoses, radial collateral, interosseous recurrent. ... Synonym: arteria recurrens radialis, recurrent radial artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent scarring aphthae
Synonym for aphthae major ... A severe form of aphthae characterised by unusually numerous, large, deep, and frequent ulcers; healing may take as long as six weeks and results in scarring. ... Synonym: Mikulicz' aphthae, periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens, recurrent scarring aphthae, Sutton's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent stricture
A stricture due to the presence of contractile tissue which may be dilated but soon returns. ... Synonym: contractile stricture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent tetany
A simple autosomal recessive trait in Scottish terrier dogs, characterised by arching of the back and a stiff-legged gait due to overflexed hindlimbs and abducted forelimbs. ... Synonym: Scotch cramp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent ulcerative stomatitis
Synonym for aphtha ... <dermatology> Roundish pearl-coloured specks or flakes in the mouth, on the lips, etc, terminating in white sloughs, better known as thrush and the specks are called aphthae. ... Synonym: thrush, candidiasis. ... Origin: Sing. Of Aphthae. L, fr. Gr. (mostly in pl, Hipp) an eruption, thrush, fr. To set on fire, inflame. ... …

recurrent ulnar artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, ulnar artery; distribution, two branches, anterior and posterior, pass medially in front of and behind the elbow joint; anastomoses, superior and inferior ulnar collateral, i.e., with articular vascular network of elbow. ... Synonym: arteria recurrens ulnaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recursion
The act of recurring; return. (Math) The calculation of a mathematical expression (or a quantity) by repeating an operation on another expression which was derived by application of the same operation, on an expression which itself was the result of similar repeated applications of that same operation on prior results. The series of operations is t …

recurvation
A backward bending or flexure. ... Origin: L. Re-curvus, bent back ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurved
Curved or curled downwards or backwards. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

recusant
1. One who is obstinate in refusal; one standing out stubbornly against general practice or opinion. 'The last rebellious recusants among the European family of nations.' (De Quincey) ... 2. A person who refuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in matters of religion; as, a Roman Catholic recusant, who acknowledges the supremacy of the pope. …

recycling
<radiobiology> In most tokamaks the pulse length is at least an order of magnitude larger than the particle containment time. Thus on average each plasma ion goes to the wall or limiter and returns to the plasma many times during the length of the discharge. This process is called recycling. (section 9.3 of reference 14, Tokamaks by John Wess …

red
Of the colour of blood, or of a tint resembling that colour; of the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is furthest from the violet part. 'Fresh flowers, white and reede.' 'Your colour, I warrant you, is as red as any rose.' (Shak) ... Red is a general term, including many different shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, v …

red atrophy
Synonym for cyanotic atrophy ... Atrophy due to destruction of the parenchymatous cells of an organ as a consequence of chronic venous congestion. ... Synonym: red atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red blood cell
<haematology> Cell specialised for oxygen transport, having a high concentration of haemoglobin in the cytoplasm (and little else). Biconcave, anucleate discs, 7nm diameter in mammals, nucleus contracted and chromatin condensed in other vertebrates. ... Acronym: RBC ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

red blood cell cast
A urinary cast composed of a matrix containing red cells in various stages of degeneration and visibility, characteristic of glomerular disease or renal parenchymal bleeding. ... Synonym: red cell cast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red blood cell count
A normal value is 4.6-6.2 million RBC's per cubic millimetre of blood. This number can increase in cases of dehydration (fluid loss) or severe lung disease. Interestingly, red blood cell counts are much higher in those who live at high altitude, because of the increased demand for oxygen carrying capacity. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

red blood cell indices
Laboratory measurements of red blood cell volume, size and haemoglobin concentration. These values are used to point to the specific cause for anaemia (iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, etc.) ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

red bone marrow
Bone marrow in which the meshes contain the developmental stages of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and megakaryocytes. ... Synonym: medulla ossium rubra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red cell adherence phenomenon
Synonym for adhesion phenomenon ... A phenomenon manifested by the adherence of antigen-antibody-complement complex to 'indicator cells' (microorganisms, platelets, leukocytes, or erythrocytes), the reaction being sensitive and specific for the antigen and antibody in the complex. ... Synonym: erythrocyte adherence phenomenon, immune adherence phenom …

red cell adherence test
Synonym for adhesion test ... The diagnostic application of the immune adhesion phenomenon. ... Synonym: erythrocyte adherence test, immune adhesion test, red cell adherence test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red cell cast
Synonym for red blood cell cast ... A urinary cast composed of a matrix containing red cells in various stages of degeneration and visibility, characteristic of glomerular disease or renal parenchymal bleeding. ... Synonym: red cell cast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red corpuscle
Synonym for erythrocyte ... A red blood cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

red corpuscles
Red corpuscles are cells that carry oxygen in the blood. They are also called red blood cells or rbcs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

red cross
An international agency providing various humanitarian services. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

red degeneration
Necrosis, with staining by haemoglobin, which may occur in uterine myomas, especially during pregnancy; marked by softening and a red colour resembling partly cooked meat. ... Synonym: carneous degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red drop effect
Experimental observation that the photosynthetic efficiency of monochromatic light is greatly reduced above 680 nm, even though chlorophyll absorbs well up to 700 nm. Led to the discovery of the two light reactions of photosynthesis. ... See: photosystems I and II. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

red fever
Synonym for murine typhus ... An acute infectious disease with fever, headache, and rash, all quite similar to, but milder than, epidemic typhus, caused by a related microoganism, rickettsia typhi (mooseri), transmitted to humans by rat fleas (xenopsylla cheopis). The animal reservoir includes rats, mice and other rodents. Murine typhus occurs spora …

red fibres
Red striated muscle fibre's that are rich in sarcoplasm, myoglobin, and mitochondria; they are smaller in diameter and contract more slowly than white fibre's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red half-moon
<clinical sign> Irregular red discoloration of the usually pale demilune at the base of the fingernail; may be seen in congestive failure, malignant disease, or liver disease, but not specific for any of these. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red hepatisation
The first stage of hepatisation in which the exudate is blood-stained. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red induration
A condition observed in lungs in which there is an advanced degree of acute passive congestion, or acute pneumonitis (sometimes termed interstitial pneumonia), or a similar pathologic process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red infarct
Synonym for haemorrhagic infarct ... An infarct red in colour from infiltration of blood from collateral vessels into the necrotic area. ... Synonym: haemorrhagic gangrene, red infarct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red lead
Synonym for lead tetroxide ... A bright orange-red powder that turns black when heated; used in ointments and plasters. ... Synonym: red lead, red oxide of lead. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red mange
Demodectic mange in dogs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red muscle
Slow-twitch muscle in which small dark 'red' muscle fibres predominate; myoglobin is abundant and great numbers of mitochondria occur, characterised by slow, sustained (tonic) contraction. Contrast with white muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red neuralgia
Synonym for erythromelalgia ... Disease marked by paroxysmal, bilateral vasodilatation, particularly of the extremities, with burning pain, and increased skin temperature and redness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

red nucleus
A distinctive oval nucleus (pink in fresh specimens because of an iron-containing pigment in many of the cells) centrally placed in the upper mesencephalic reticular formation. It receives fibres from the deep cerebellar nuclei and cerebral cortex and projects fibres to the cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, and probably to the thalamus. The nucle …

red oxide of lead
Synonym for lead tetroxide ... A bright orange-red powder that turns black when heated; used in ointments and plasters. ... Synonym: red lead, red oxide of lead. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red precipitate
mercuric oxide, red ...

red pulp
Splenic pulp seen grossly as a reddish brown substance, due to its abundance of red blood cells, consisting of splenic sinuses and the tissue intervening between them (splenic cords). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red pulp cords
Synonym for splenic cords ... The tissue occurring between the venous sinuses in the spleen. ... Synonym: Billroth's cords, red pulp cords. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red reflex
Synonym for pyramid of light ... A triangular area at the anterior inferior part of the tympanic membrane, running from the umbo to the periphery, where there is seen a bright reflection of light. ... Synonym: cone of light, light reflex, Politzer's luminous cone, red reflex, Wilde's triangle. ... Malacarne's pyramid, a lobule on the undersurface of t …

red strawberry tongue
Clinical manifestation of Kawasaki's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red sweat
Reddening of sweat, especially in the axilla, due to pigment produced by Streptomyces roseofulvis. ... See: chromidrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red test
Synonym for phenolsulfonphthalein test ... An obsolete test for renal function; after the patient has drunk a glass or two of water, 1 ml of a 0.6% solution of dye is injected hypodermically; the time between this injection and the appearance of a pink tinge in the urine as it falls into an alkaline solution is noted; the amount excreted in each of …

red thrombus
A thrombus formed rapidly by the coagulation of stagnating blood, composed mainly of red blood cells rather than platelets. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red vision
Synonym for erythropsia ... An abnormality of vision in which all objects appear to be tinged with red. ... Synonym: red vision. ... Origin: erythro-+ G. Ops, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red wine
Claret, an alcoholic liquor made by fermenting grapes, the fruit of Vitis vinifera, with their skins (which imparts colour); has been used as a tonic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

red-cell aplasia, pure
Suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

redd
Nest made in gravel, consisting of a depression dug by a fish for egg deposition (and then filled) and associated gravel mounds. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

redeem
1. To purchase back; to regain possession of by payment of a stipulated price; to repurchase. 'If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it is sold.' (Lev. Xxv. 29) ... 2. Hence, specifically: To regain by performing the obligation or condition stated; to discharge the obligation mentioned in, a …

redemptorist
One of the Congregation of the most Holy Redeemer, founded in Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus Maria de Liquori. It was introduced onto the United States in 1832 at Detroit. The Fathers of the Congregation devote themselves to preaching to the neglected, especially. In missions and retreats, and are forbidden by their rule to engage in the instructi …

redhead
1. A person having red hair. ... 2. <ornithology> An American duck (Aythya Americana) highly esteemed as a game bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and its head brighter red. Called also red-headed duck. American poachard, grayback, and fall duck. The red-headed woodpecker. See Woodpecker. ... 3. <botany> A kind o …

redifferentiation
The return to a fully specialised condition for the performance of a particular function after a period of non-specific activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

redintegration
1. Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal; renovation. ... 2. <chemistry> Restoration of a mixed body or matter to its former nature and state. ... 3. <psychology> The law that objects which have been previously combined as part of a single mental state tend to recall or suggest one another; adopted by many philosophers to explain …

Redlich
Emil, Austrian neurologist, 1866-1930. ... See: Obersteiner-Redlich line, Obersteiner-Redlich zone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

redox
Contraction of oxidation-reduction. ... See: oxidation-reduction potential. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

redox electrode
Synonym for oxidation-reduction electrode ... An electrode capable of measuring oxidation-reduction potential. ... See: quinhydrone electrode. ... Synonym: redox electrode. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

redox indicator
Synonym for oxidation-reduction indicator ... A substance that undergoes a definite colour change at a specific oxidation potential. ... Synonym: redox indicator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

redox potential
<chemistry> The reducing/oxidizing power of a system measured by the potential at a hydrogen electrode. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

redox reaction
<chemistry> A reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

redox system
Synonym for oxidation-reduction system ... <enzyme> An enzyme system in the tissues by which oxidation and reduction proceed simultaneously through the transference of hydrogen or of one or more electrons from one metabolite to another. ... See: oxidation-reduction. ... Synonym: redox system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

redpoll
<zoology> Any one of several species of small northern finches of the genus Acanthis (formerly aegiothus), native of Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The male of the most common species (A. Linarius) has also the breast and rump rosy. ... Synonym: redpoll linnet. ... The common European linnet. ... The American redpoll …

redressement force
Straightening by force of a deformed part, as of knock-knee. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

redressment
1. Correction of a deformity; putting a part straight. ... 2. A renewed dressing of a wound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

redshank
1. <zoology> A common Old World limicoline bird (Totanus calidris), having the legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (T. Fuscus) is larger, and has orange-red legs. Called also redshanks, redleg, and clee. The fieldfare. ... 2. A bare-legged person; a contemptuous appellation formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion to thei …

redstart
<zoology> A small, handsome European singing bird (Ruticilla phoenicurus), allied to the nightingale; called also redtail, brantail, fireflirt, firetail. The black redstart is P.tithys. The name is also applied to several other species of Ruticilla amnd allied genera, native of India. ... An American fly-catching warbler (Setophaga ruticilla). …

reduce
1. To bring or lead back to any former place or condition. 'And to his brother's house reduced his wife.' (Chapman) 'The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates reduce and direct us.' (Evelyn) ... 2. To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank, size, quantity, quality, value …

reduced enamel epithelium
Synonym for enamel epithelium ... The several layers of the enamel organ remaining on the enamel surface after formation of enamel is completed. ... Synonym: reduced enamel epithelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduced eye
A simplified design of the ocular optical system, represented as having a single refracting surface and a uniform index of refraction; a model based on this concept is used in retinoscopy and ophthalmoscopy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduced glutathione
Glutathione acting as a hydrogen donor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduced haematin
Synonym for haem ... 1. <biochemistry> Compounds of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring that differ in side chain composition. Haems are the prosthetic groups of cytochromes and are found in most oxygen carrier proteins. ... 2. <prefix> haem-, eaning relating to blood. ... Origin: G. Haima ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

reduced interarch distance
An occluding vertical dimension which results in an excessive interocclusal distance when the mandible is in rest position, and in a reduced interridge distance when the teeth are in contact. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reducible
Capable of being reduced. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reducible hernia
A hernia in which the contents of the sac can be returned to their normal location. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reducing
From Reduce. ... <chemistry> Reducing furnace, a furnace for reducing ores. Reducing pipe fitting, a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an elbow, a tee, etc, for connecting a large pipe with a smaller one. Reducing valve, a device for automatically maintaining a diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, etc, in a pipe, or other receiver, which is fed …

reducing agent
A molecule that donates an electron in an oxidation-reduction reaction. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

reducing agents
Materials that add an electron to an element or compound, that is, decrease the positiveness of its valence. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reducing diet
A diet in which caloric expenditure is greater than caloric intake. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reducing enzyme
Synonym for reductase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses a reduction; since all enzymes catalyze reactions in either direction, any reductase can, under the proper conditions, behave as an oxidase and vice versa, hence the term oxidoreductase. For individual reductase's, see the specific names. ... Synonym: reducing enzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

reducing sugar
A sugar, such as glucose in the urine, that has the property of reducing various inorganic ions, notably cupric ion to cuprous ion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reducing valve
A valve designed to lower the pressure of a gas coming from a cylinder containing compressed gas under high pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reductant
The substance that is oxidised in the course of reduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reductase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses a reduction; since all enzymes catalyze reactions in either direction, any reductase can, under the proper conditions, behave as an oxidase and vice versa, hence the term oxidoreductase. For individual reductase's, see the specific names. ... Synonym: reducing enzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reductic acid
2,3-Dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one;a strong reducing product (antioxidant) formed in hot alkaline sugar solutions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduction
<orthopaedics, surgery> The correction of a fracture, dislocation or hernia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

reduction deformity
Congenital absence or attenuation of one or more body parts; usually of the limbs or limb components. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduction division
The first cell division in meiosis, the process by which germ cells are formed. A unique event in which the chromosome number is reduced from diploid (46 chromosomes) to haploid (23 chromosomes). Also called first meiotic division or first meiosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reduction en masse
Reduction of hernial sac and contents, so that intestinal obstruction is still present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduction mammaplasty
Plastic surgery of the breast to reduce its size and (frequently) to improve its shape and position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduction nucleus
A nucleus that degenerates in the cell during the changes incident to fertilization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduction of chromosomes
The process during meiosis whereby one member of each homologous pair of chromosomes is distributed to a sperm or ovum; the diploid set of chromosomes (46 in humans) is thus reduced to the haploid set in each gamete; union of the sperm and ovum then restores the diploid or somatic number in the one-cell zygote. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduction phase
Synonym for meiotic phase ... The stage of nuclear changes in the sexual cells during which reduction of the chromosomes takes place; it embraces the cell generations of the spermatocytes and oocytes. ... Synonym: reduction phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduction potential
The inherent tendency of a compound to act as an electron donor or an electron acceptor. Measured in volts. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

reductive dechlorination
Removal of Cl as Cl- from an organic compound by reducing the carbon atom from C-Cl to C H. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

redundancy
Occurrence of linearly arranged, largely identical, repeated sequences of DNA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...