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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

redundant
1. Exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; as, a redundant quantity of bile or food. 'Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they do not increase fat so much as flesh.' (Arbuthnot) ... 2. Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful; pleonastic. 'Where an suthor is redundant, mark those paragraphs to be re …

reduplicated cataract
A type of congenital cataract with opacities situated at various levels in the lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reduplication
1. A redoubling. ... 2. A duplication or doubling, as of the sounds of the heart in certain morbid states or the presence of two instead of a normally single part. ... 3. A fold or duplicature. ... Origin: L. Reduplicatio, fr. Re-, again, + duplico, to double, fr. Duplex, two-fold ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reduviidae
A family (order Hemiptera) of predatory insects, the assassin bugs, which attack animals and humans. It includes the subfamily Triatominae, the kissing or cone-nosed bugs, whose type genus Triatoma includes species that are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

redwater fever
A highly fatal disease of cattle and occasionally of sheep caused by infection with Clostridium haemolyticum. ... See: bovine babesiosis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

redwing
<zoology> A European thrush (Turdus iliacus). Its under wing coverts are orange red. Called also redwinged thrush. A North American passerine bird (Agelarius phoeniceus) of the family Icteridae. The male is black, with a conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with orange, on each wing. Called also redwinged blackbird, red-winged troupial, …

redwood
<botany> A gigantic coniferous tree (Sequoia sempervirens) of California, and its light and durable reddish timber. See Sequoia. ... An East Indian dyewood, obtained from Pterocarpus santalinus, Caesalpinia Sappan, and several other trees. ... The redwood of Andaman is Pterocarpus dalbergioides; that of some parts of tropical America, several s …

reed
The fourth stomach of a ruminant; rennet. ... 1. <botany> A name given to many tall and coarse grasses or grasslike plants, and their slender, often jointed, stems, such as the various kinds of bamboo, and especially the common reed of Europe and North America (Phragmites communis). ... 2. A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of some p …

Reed cells
Synonym for reed-sternberg cells ... Large cells of unknown origin, usually multinucleate, whose presence is the common histologic characteristic of hodgkin disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reed instrument theory
A no longer tenable theory stating that in human voice production the larynx functions in a manner similar to a reed musical instrument. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reed sods
Pieces of sod cut out from the rhizome or root areas of reed communities. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Reed-Frost theory of epidemics
A mathematical theory to explain how epidemics originate and continue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reed-Sternberg cell
<haematology, pathology> A type of cell that appears in patients with Hodgkin's disease. The number of these cells increases as the disease advances. ... (12 May 1997) ...

reed-sternberg cells
Large cells of unknown origin, usually multinucleate, whose presence is the common histologic characteristic of hodgkin disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Reed, Dorothy
<person> U.S. Pathologist, 1874-1964. ... See: Reed cells, Reed-Sternberg cells, Sternberg-Reed cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reed, Walter
<person> 1851-1902. U.S. Army surgeon, elucidated epidemiology of yellow fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reeding
1. A small convex molding; a reed; one of several set close together to decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; the reverse of fluting. ... Several reedings are often placed together, parallel to each other, either projecting from, or inserted into, the adjining surface. The decoration so produced is then called, in general, reedi …

reedling
<ornithology> The European bearded titmouse (Panurus biarmicus). ... Synonym: reed bunting, bearded pinnock, and lesser butcher bird. ... It is orange brown, marked with black, white, and yellow on the wings. The male has a tuft of black feathers on each side of the face. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...

reedy nail
A nail marked by longitudinal ridges and furrows. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reef
1. A chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water. See Coral reefs, under Coral. ... 2. <chemical> A large vein of auriferous quartz; so called in Australia. Hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore. ... <zoology> Reef builder, any heron of the genus Demigretta; as, the blue reef heron (D.jugularis) of Australia. …

reefing
Surgically reducing the extent of a tissue by folding it and securing with sutures, as in plication. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reel
1. A frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool, turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are wound; as, a log reel, used by seamen; an angler's reel; a garden reel. ... 2. A machine on which yarn is wound and measured into lays and hanks, for cotton or linen it is fifty-four inches in circuit; for worsted, thirty inches. ... 3 …

reel foot
Archaic term for clubfoot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reenactment
In psychodrama, the acting out of a past experience. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reenstierna, John
<person> Swedish dermatologist, *1882. ... See: Ito-Reenstierna test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reentry
Return of the same impulse into a zone of heart muscle that it has recently activated; sufficiently delayed that the zone is no longer refractory, as seen in most ectopic beats, reciprocal rhythms, and most tachycardias. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reentry theory
That extrasystoles are due to reentry of an impulse initiated by the sinus impulse, to which the extrasystole is coupled, into the ectopic focus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rees-Ecker fluid
An aqueous solution of sodium citrate, sucrose, and brilliant cresyl blue used in platelet counts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rees, H Maynard
<person> 20th century U.S. Physician. ... See: Rees-Ecker fluid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reese, Algernon
<person> U.S. Ophthalmologist, 1896-1981. ... See: Cogan-Reese syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refect
To induce refection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refection
A restoring to the normal state. ... Origin: L. Refectio, fr. Reficere, to restore, fr. Re-+ facio, to do ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refer
1. To carry or send back. ... 2. Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, infirmation, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer a student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer; to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigat …

reference
The act of referring or consulting, something that refers to something else. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

reference books
Books designed by the arrangement and treatment of their subject matter to be consulted for definite terms of information rather than to be read consecutively. Reference books include dictionaries, encyclopedias, atlases, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reference books, medical
Books in the field of medicine intended primarily for consultation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reference electrode
An electrode expected to have a constant potential, such as a calomel electrode, and used with another electrode to complete an electrical circuit through a solution; e.g., when a reference electrode is used with a glass electrode for pH measurement, changes in voltage between the two electrode's can be attributed to the effects of pH on the glass …

reference method
An analytical procedure sufficiently free of random or systematic error to make it useful for validating proposed new analytical procedures for the same analyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reference standards
A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. Weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reference values
The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

referendary
1. One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee. ... 2. An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions. 'Referendaries, or masters of request.' ... 3. Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees. ... Origin: LL. Referendarius, fr. L. Referendus to be referred, gerundive of refer …

referral
The recommedation of a medical or paramedical professional. If you get a referral, for example, to ophthalmology, you are sent to the eye doctor. The earliest recorded use of the word referral in medicine was in 1927. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

referral and consultation
The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

referred pain
Pain from deep structures perceived as arising from a surface area remote from its actual origin; the area where the pain is appreciated is innervated by the same spinal segment(s) as the deep structure. ... Synonym: synalgia, telalgia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Refetoff syndrome
<syndrome> A condition characterised by goiter and elevated serum level of thyroid hormones without manifestations of thyrotoxicosis, due to target organ unresponsiveness to thyroid hormones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Refetoff, S
<person> ... See: Refetoff syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refine
1. To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar. 'I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined.' (Zech. Xiii. 9) ... 2. To p …

reflect
1. To bend back. ... 2. To throw back, as of radiant energy from a surface. ... 3. To meditate; to think over a matter. ... 4. To send back a motor impulse in response to a sensory stimulus. ... Origin: L. Re-flecto, pp. -flexus, to bend back ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflected colours
Those colour's seen in light falling upon a pigmented surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflected inguinal ligament
<anatomy> A triangular fibrous band extending from the aponeurosis of the external oblique to the pubic tubercle of the opposite side. ... See: aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle. ... Synonym: ligamentum reflexum, Colles' ligament, fascia triangularis abdominis, reflex ligament, triangular fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflected light
Light directed backward from a mirror. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflected ray
A ray of light or other form of radiant energy which is thrown back from a nonpermeable or nonabsorbing surface; the ray which strikes the surface before reflection is the incident ray. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflecting
1. Throwing back light, heat, etc, as a mirror or other surface. ... 2. Given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective; contemplative; as, a reflecting mind. Reflecting circle, an astronomical instrument for measuring angless, like the sextant or Hadley's quadrant, by the reflection of light from two plane mirrors which it carries, and dif …

reflecting retinoscope
<instrument> A plane or concave mirror with a central perforation that allows the observer to see rays emerge from the subject's eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflection
1. The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of being reflected. Specifically: The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface. See Angle of reflection, below. 'The eye sees not itself, But by reflection, by some other things.' (Shak) ... The reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; continued c …

reflection coefficient
A measure of the relative permeability of a particular membrane to a particular solute; calculated as the ratio of observed osmotic pressure to that calculated from van't Hoff's law; also equal to 1 minus the ratio of the effective pore areas available to solute and to solvent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflection factor
<microscopy> The ratio of reflected light from a surface to the incident light. This is sometimes called the coefficient of reflection. Unless especially stated it takes into account both specular and diffuse reflection. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

reflection X-ray microscopy
<technique> A method of producing enlarged images by means of X rays. In this method the radiation is totally reflected at glancing incidence from polished concave mirrors or from the curved surfaces of single crystals by Bragg reflection. The problem of aberration corrections still limits the resolution obtainable. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

reflective
Capable of throwing back light, images, sound waves: reflecting. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

reflectivity
<physics> Fraction of incident radiant energy which is reflected by a given surface. (The power which is not reflected is either absorbed or transmitted.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

reflex
1. <anatomy> Reflected. ... 2. <neurology, physiology> A reflected action or movement, the sum total of any particular involuntary activity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

reflex angina
Synonym for angina pectoris vasomotoria ... Angina pectoris in which the breast pain is comparatively slight, but pallor followed by cyanosis, and coldness and numbness of the extremities, are marked. ... Synonym: angina spuria, angina vasomotoria, pseudangina, pseudoangina, reflex angina, vasomotor angina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex arc
The route followed by nerve impulses in the production of a reflex act, from the peripheral receptor organ through the afferent nerve to the central nervous system synapse and then through the efferent nerve to the effector organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex asthma
Asthma occurring as a reflex in disease of the viscera, the nose, or other parts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex control
Nerve impulses transmitted to the muscles to maintain normal reflex action. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex cough
A cough excited reflexly by irritation in some distant part, as the ear or the stomach. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex detrusor contraction
Normal coordinated function of the bladder with sustained contractions of the bladder matched by simultaneous relaxation of the sphincteric outlet mechanisms to empty the bladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex dyspepsia
Functional dyspepsia excited by reflex irritation from disease elsewhere than in the stomach or intestines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex epilepsy
Seizures which are induced by peripheral stimulation; e.g., audiogenic, laryngeal, photogenic, or other stimulation. ... Synonym: sensory precipitated epilepsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex headache
Synonym for symptomatic headache ... A headache secondary to another organic condition. ... Synonym: reflex headache. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex incontinence
In neurogenic disorders, loss of urine due to detrusor hyperreflexia and/or involuntary urethral relaxation in the absence of the desire to void. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex inhibition
A situation in which sensory stimuli decrease reflex activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex iridoplegia
Absence of the pupillary light reflex, as in the Argyll Robertson pupil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex ligament
Synonym for reflected inguinal ligament ... <anatomy> A triangular fibrous band extending from the aponeurosis of the external oblique to the pubic tubercle of the opposite side. ... See: aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle. ... Synonym: ligamentum reflexum, Colles' ligament, fascia triangularis abdominis, reflex ligament, triangula …

reflex movement
An involuntary movement resulting from a sensory stimulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex neurogenic bladder
An abnormal condition of bladder function whereby the bladder is cut off from upper motor neuron control, but where the lower motor neuron arc is still intact. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex otalgia
Pain referred to the ear from disease in another part, most commonly laryngeal, tonsillar, or nasopharyngeal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex sensation
referred sensation ...

reflex sympathetic dystrophy
A syndrome of pain and tenderness, usually to a hand or foot, associated with vasomotor instability, skin changes and rapid development of bony demineralisation (osteoporosis). Frequently will follow a localised trauma, stroke or peripheral nerve injury. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

reflex symptom
A disturbance of sensation or function in an organ or part more or less remote from the morbid condition giving rise to it; e.g., muscle spasm due to joint inflammation. ... Synonym: sympathetic symptom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex tachycardia
Increased heart rate in response to some stimulus conveyed through the cardiac nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex therapy
Treatment of some morbid condition by exciting a reflex action, as in the household treatment of nosebleed by a piece of ice applied to the cervical spine. ... Synonym: reflexotherapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflex, abdominal
Contractions of the abdominal muscles upon stimulation of the skin (superficial abdominal reflex) or tapping neighboring bony structures (deep abdominal reflex). The superficial reflex may be weak or absent, for example, after a stroke, a sign of upper (suprasegmental) motor neuron lesions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reflex, abnormal
Abnormal, involuntary response to a stimulus which includes hyperreflexia, hyporeflexia, and areflexia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reflex, acoustic
Intra-aural contraction of tensor tympani and stapedius in response to sound. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reflex, babinski
An abnormal reflex consisting of dorsiflexion of the big toe on stimulation of the sole of the foot. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reflex, let down
The let down reflex of the mother is an involuntary reflex during breastfeeding which causes the milk to flow freely. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reflex, oculocardiac
Change of heartbeat induced by pressure on the eyeball, manipulation of extraocular muscles, or pressure upon the tissue remaining in the orbital apex after enucleation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reflex, pupillary
Constriction of the pupil in response to light stimulation of the retina. It refers also to any reflex involving the iris, with resultant alteration of the diameter of the pupil. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reflex, stretch
Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to stretching, which stimulates muscle proprioceptors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reflex, vestibulo-ocular
A reflex wherein impulses are conveyed from the cupulas of the semicircular canals and from the otolithic membrane of the saccule and utricle via the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem and the median longitudinal fasciculus to the oculomotor nerve nuclei. It functions to maintain a stable retinal image during head rotation by generating appropriate …

reflexed
Bent sharply downwards or backwards. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

reflexogenic
Causing a reflex. ... Synonym: reflexogenous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflexogenic pressosensitivity
Pressosensitivity also capable of initiating the regulation of heart rate, vascular tone, and blood pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflexogenic zone
The area or zone where stimulation will elicit a given reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflexogenous
Synonym for reflexogenic ... Causing a reflex. ... Synonym: reflexogenous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflexograph
An instrument for graphically recording a reflex. ... Origin: reflex + G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflexology
<study> A type of complementary therapy based on pressure and massage of certain points on the soles of the human feet. Some people also claim that this technique may also be used in diagnosis. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

reflexometer
An instrument for measuring the force necessary to excite a reflex. ... Origin: reflex + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflexophil
Reflexophile ... Having exaggerated reflexes. ... Origin: reflex + G. Phileo, to love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...