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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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rap<oncogene> Oncogene related to ras. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
RAP kinase<enzyme> Isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: ribosomal acidic p proteins kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
rapamycinImmunosuppressive macrolide antibiotic with structural similarity to FK506, inhibits T and B-cell proliferation but at a much later stage than FK506, despite binding to the same immunophilin. Inhibits TOR (target of rapamycin) in the Ras/MAP kinase signalling pathway. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
RAPD<abbreviation> Rapid analysis of polymorphic DNA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rapeOne of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England, intermediate between a hundred and a shire. ... Origin: Icel. Hreppr village, district; cf. Icel. Hreppa to catch, obtain, AS. Hrepian, hreppan, to touch. ... 1. Fruit, as grapes, plucked from the cluster. ... 2. The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins from which the must has been expresse …
rapeseed oilThe compressed oil from the seeds of Brassica campestris (family Cruciferae); used in the manufacture of soaps, margarine, and lubricants. ... Origin: L. Rapa, turnip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphaniaA spasmodic disease supposed to be due to poisoning by the seeds of Rhaphanus rhaphanistrum, the wild radish. ... Synonym: rhaphania. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphany<medicine> A convulsive disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden and Germany. It was so called because supposed to be caused by eating corn with which seeds of jointed charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum) had been mixed, but the condition is now known to be a form of ergotism. ... Origin: Cf. F. Raphanie. ... Source: Websters …
rapheThe part of the stalk of an anatropous ovule that is fused along the side of the ovule. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
raphe anococcygeaSynonym for anococcygeal ligament ... <anatomy> A musculofibrous band that passes between the anus and the coccyx. ... Synonym: ligamentum anococcygeum, anococcygeal body, raphe anococcygea, Symington's anococcygeal body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe corporis callosiA slight anteroposterior furrow on the median line of the upper surface of the corpus callosum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe linguaeSynonym for median groove of tongue ... <anatomy> Median groove or median longitudinal raphe of tongue; raphe linguae; a slight longitudinal depression running forward on the dorsal surface of the tongue from the foramen caecum. ... Synonym: sulcus medianus linguae, median longitudinal raphe of tongue, raphe linguae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe medullae oblongataeThe seamlike median zone of the medulla oblongata, marked by intercrossing fibre bundles among which lie scattered neuronal cell bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe nucleiCollections of small neurons centrally scattered among many fibres from the level of the trochlear nucleus in the midbrain to the hypoglossal area in the medulla oblongata. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
raphe palatiSynonym for palatine raphe ... A rather narrow, low elevation in the centre of the hard palate that extends from the incisive papilla posteriorly over the entire length of the mucosa of the hard palate. ... Synonym: raphe palati, palatine ridge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe palpebralis lateralisSynonym for lateral palpebral raphe ... A narrow fibrous band in the lateral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle formed by the interlacing of fibres passing through the upper and lower eyelids. ... Synonym: raphe palpebralis lateralis, palpebral raphe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe penisSynonym for penile raphe ... The continuation of the raphe of the scrotum onto the underside of the penis. ... Synonym: raphe penis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe perineiSynonym for perineal raphe ... The central anteroposterior line of the perineum, most marked in the male, being continuous with the raphe of the scrotum. ... Synonym: raphe perinei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe pharyngisSynonym for pharyngeal raphe ... The central line of the pharynx posteriorly where the muscular fibres meet and partly interlace. ... Synonym: raphe pharyngis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe pontisThe continuation of the raphe medullae oblongatae into the pars dorsalis (or tegmentum) pontis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe pterygomandibularisSynonym for pterygomandibular raphe ... A tendinous thickening of the buccopharyngeal fascia, separating and giving origin to the buccinator muscle anteriorly and the superior constrictor of the pharynx posteriorly. ... Synonym: raphe pterygomandibularis, pterygomandibular ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe retinaeThe horizontal line separating the superior and inferior portions of the temporal retina over which the retinal nerve fibres do not course. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphe scrotiSynonym for scrotal raphe ... A central line, like a cord, running over the scrotum from the anus to the root of the penis; it marks the position of the septum scroti. ... Synonym: raphe scroti, Vesling's line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphespinal fibresNerve fibres originating from cells of the nuclei raphe magnus, pallidus, and obscurus of the pons and medulla and terminating in the spinal cord gray matter; fibres involved in the descending inhibition of nociceptive input in the dorsal (posterior) horn; they contain serotonin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raphidesNeedle-like crystals that occur in bundles in the vacuoles of some plant cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
rapid canitiesWhitening of hair overnight or over a few days; in the latter case, may be seen in alopecia areata, when surviving pigmented hairs are preferentially shed from gray hair. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rapid decompressionSudden severe expansion of gases due to a reduction in ambient pressure. ... Synonym: explosive decompression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rapid demineralization<radiology> Immobilization atrophy, Sudeck's atrophy (reflex sympathetic dystrophy), rheumatoid or psoriatic (rarely in inflammatory states) see also: vanishing bone (spontaneous osteolysis) syndromes ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rapid eye movement sleepREM sleep, that state of deep sleep in which rapid eye movements, alert EEG pattern, and dreaming occur; several central and autonomic functions are distinctive during this state. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rapid eye movementsSymmetrical quick scanning movement's of the eyes occurring many times during sleep in clusters for 5 to 60 minutes; associated with dreaming. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rapid film changerSynonym for film changer ... A device that moves film for radiographic studies that require rapid serial X-ray exposures, such as angiography. ... Synonym: rapid film changer, serial film changer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rapid plasma reagin<investigation> The rapid plasma reagin test is similar to the VDRL test for diagnosing syphilis. This blood test is designed to detect an antibody substance in the bloodstream when syphilis infection is present. Early syphilis infections may be RPR negative. ... See: VDRL ... (17 Dec 1997) ...
rapid plasma reagin testA group of serologic test's for syphilis in which unheated serum or plasma is reacted with a standard test antigen containing charcoal particles; positive test's yield a flocculation. A modification, called the RPR (circle) card test, is widely used as a screening test. ... Synonym: RPR test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rapoport testA differential ureteral catheterization test used to evaluate suspected renovascular hypertension; urine specimens from each kidney are obtained by bilateral ureteral catheterization, and the tubular rejection fraction ratio is determined by measuring concentrations of sodium and creatinine in the urine from each kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rapoport-Luebering shuntPart of the glycolytic pathway characteristic of human erythrocytes in which 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-P2Gri) is formed as an intermediate between 1,3-P2Gri and 3-phosphoglycerate; 2,3-P2Gri is an important regulator of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rapoport, Abraham<person> Canadian urologist, *1926. ... See: Rapoport test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rapoport, Samuel Mitja<person> Russian biochemist, *1912. ... See: Rapoport-Luebering shunt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rappaport classificationA histologic classification of lymphomas in use before the availability of recent methods for identification of B-and T-type lymphocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rappaport's acinusSynonym for liver acinus ... <anatomy> The smallest functional unit of the liver, comprising all of the liver parenchyma supplied by a terminal branch of the portal vein and hepatic artery; typically involves segments of two lobules lying between two terminal hepatic venules. ... Synonym: Rappaport's acinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rapport1. A feeling of relationship, especially when characterised by emotional affinity. ... 2. A conscious feeling of harmonious accord, trust, empathy, and mutual responsiveness between two or more persons (e.g., physician and patient) that fosters the therapeutic process. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rapture of the deepSee: nitrogen narcosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rare1. Not frequent; seldom met with or occurring; unusual; as, a rare event. ... 2. Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent; valuable to a degree seldom found. 'Rare work, all filled with terror and delight.' (Cowley) 'Above the rest I judge one beauty rare.' (Dryden) ... 3. Thinly scattered; dispersed. 'Those rare and solitary, three in flocks.' (Mi …
rare earth elementsSynonym for lanthanides ... Those elements with atomic numbers 57-71 which closely resemble one another chemically and were once difficult to separate from one another. ... Synonym: rare earth elements. ... Origin: Lanthanum, first element of the series ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rare earth metalSynonym for lanthanides ... Those elements with atomic numbers 57-71 which closely resemble one another chemically and were once difficult to separate from one another. ... Synonym: rare earth elements. ... Origin: Lanthanum, first element of the series ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rare earthsSee: lanthanides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rare speciesA species of animal or plant that is considered rare, threatened, or endangered. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...
rare-earth screenAn intensifying screen made of a rare-earth oxide phosphor, more efficient than calcium tungstate, especially at the higher kilovoltages used in modern radiography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rarefactionThe process of becoming light or less dense; the condition of being light; opposed to condensation. ... Origin: L. Rarus, thin, + facio, to make ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rarefyTo become light or less dense. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ras<oncogene> One of a family of oncogenes, first identified as transforming genes of Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses. (Name from rat sarcoma because Harvey virus, though a mouse virus, obtained its transforming gene during passage in a rat). Transforming protein coded is p21ras, a GTP-binding protein with GTPase activity, that resembl …
ras proteinsSmall GTP-binding proteins encoded by ras genes (genes, ras) that play a critical role in normal cellular growth, differentiation, and development, and have the potential for malignant transformation. Two of the major ras proteins include the normal cellular form, proto-oncogene protein p21(ras), and the malignant form, oncogene protein p21(ras).
rasceta
The transverse wrinkling on the anterior surface of the wrist. ... Origin: Mod. L. Raseta, fr. Ar. Rahah, palm of hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rash
<dermatology> A skin eruption. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
rasion
The subdivision of a crude drug by a rasp to prepare it for extraction. ... Origin: L. Rasio, a scraping, fr. Rado, pp. Rasus, to scrape, shave ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rasmussen, Fritz
<person> Danish physician, 1834-1881. ... See: Rasmussen's aneurysm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rasmussen, Grant
<person> American neuroanatomist, *1904. ... See: bundle of Rasmussen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rasmussen's aneurysm
Aneurysmal dilation of a branch of a pulmonary artery in a tuberculous cavity, rupture of which may cause serious haemoptysis. ... Aneurysm of the right ventricle or right ventricular outflow patch, aneurysm occurring after right ventriculostomy; the aneurysm may either be a false or a true aneurysm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rasp
1. To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; as, to rasp wood to make it smooth; to rasp bones to powder. ... 2. Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by coarse or rough treatment or language; as, some sounds rasp the ear; his insults rasped my temper. ... Origin: OF. Rasper, F. Raper, to scrape, grate, rasp, fr. …
raspatory
A surgical instrument used to smooth the edges of a divided bone. ... Origin: L. Raspatorium ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raspberry
<botany> The thimble-shaped fruit of the Rubus Idaeus and other similar brambles; as, the black, the red and the white raspberry. ... The shrub bearing this fruit. ... Technically, raspberries are those brambles in which the fruit separates readily from the core or receptacle, in this differing from the blackberries, in which the fruit is firml …
raspberry tongue
Strawberry tongue that is a dark red colour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
RAST
An allergy test done on a sample of blood. The aim with rast, as with skin tests, is to check for allergic sensitivity to specific substances. Rast stands for radioallergosorbent test. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Rastelli, Gian
<person> ... See: Rastelli's operation, Rastelli's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rastelli's operation
An operation for transposition of the great arteries plus ventricular septal defect and LV outflow obstruction; employs an intraventricular tunnel repair and a rerouting valved extracardiac conduit. ... For 'anatomic' repair of transposition of the great arteries (ventriculoarterial discordance) with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular ou …
rat
1. <zoology> One of the several species of small rodents of the genus Mus and allied genera, larger than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the Norway, or brown, rat (M. Alexandrinus). These were introduced into Anerica from the Old World. ... 2. A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by women to supp …
rat leprosy
A slowly but progressively fatal form of leprosy occurring in rats, caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium; it appears in two forms, glandular and musculocutaneous; causes induration, alopecia, and eventually ulceration. ... Synonym: mouse leprosy, murine leprosy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rat mite dermatitis
An eruption of wheals, papules, or vesicles caused by the rat mite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rat sialodacryoadenitis virus
A coronavirus causing sialodacryoadenitis in rats. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rat-bite disease
Synonym for rat-bite fever ... A syndrome characterised by recurring fever, rash, and arthralgias occurring days to weeks after a rat bite. The causative agents are either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rat-bite fever
A syndrome characterised by recurring fever, rash, and arthralgias occurring days to weeks after a rat bite. The causative agents are either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rat-flea typhus
Murine typhus, an acute infectious disease with fever, headache, and rash, all quite similar to, but milder than, epidemic typhus, caused by a related microoganism, rickettsia typhi (mooseri), transmitted to humans by rat fleas (xenopsylla cheopis). The animal reservoir includes rats, mice and other rodents. Murine typhus occurs sporadically worldw …
ratchet
1. A pawl, click, or detent, for holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc. ... 2. A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch, and pawl. See Ratchet wheel, below, and 2d Ratch. Ratchet brace, a circular wheel having teeth, usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages to turn the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to ho …
rate
The number of occurrences in one minute (for example respiratory rate, heart rate) ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
rate constants
Proportionality constants equal to the initial rate of a reaction divided by the concentration of the reactant(s); e.g., in the reaction A → B + C, the rate of the reaction equals -d[A]/dt = k1[A]. The rate constant k1 is a unimolecular rate constant since there is only one molecular species reacting and has units of reciprocal time (e.g., …
rate equation
A mathematical expression for a chemical, radiochemical, or enzyme-catalyzed reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rate meter
A device that continuously displays the magnitude of events averaged over varying time intervals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rate schedule
A price list showing how the electric bill of a particular type of customer will be calculated by an electric utility company. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
rate setting and review
A method of examining and setting levels of payments. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate-limiting step
<biochemistry> The slowest step in a metabolic pathway, or the step in an enzymatic reaction that requires the greatest amount of energy to initiate. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...
rate, basal metabolic
A measure of the rate of metabolism. For example, someone with an overly active thyroid will have an elevated basal metabolic rate. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate, birth
The birth rate is usually given as the number of live births divided by the average population (or the population at midyear). This is termed the crude birth rate. In 1995, for example, the crude birth rate per 1,000 population was 14 in the united states, 16.9 in Australia, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate, death
The number of deaths in the population divided by the average population (or the population at midyear) is the crude death rate. In 1994, for example, the crude death rate per 1,000 population was 8.8 in the united states, 7.1 in Australia, etc. A death rate can also be tabulated according to age or cause. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate, erythrocyte sedimentation
A sedimentation rate, or sed rate , is a blood test that detects and is used to monitor inflammation activity. It is measured by recording the rate at which red blood cells (rbcs) sediment in a tube over time. It increases (the rbcs sediment faster) with more inflammation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate, foetal mortality
The ratio of foetal deaths divided by the sum of the births (the live births + the foetal deaths) in that year. In the united states, the foetal mortality rate plummeted from 19.2 per 1,000 births in 1950 to 9.2 per 1,000 births in 1980. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate, infant mortality
The number of children dying under a year of age divided by the number of live births that year. The infant mortality rate in the united states, which was 12.5 per 1,000 live births in 1980, fell to 9.2 per 1,000 live births in 1990. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate, maternal mortality
The number of maternal deaths related to childbearing divided by the number of live births (or by the number of live births + foetal deaths) in that year. The maternal mortality rate in the united states in 1993 (and 1994) was 0.1 per 1,000 live births, or 1 mother dying per 10,000 live births. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate, neonatal mortality
The number of children dying under 28 days of age divided by the number of live births that year. The neonatal mortality rate in the united states, which was 8.4 per 1,000 live births in 1980, declined to 5.8 per 1,000 live births in 1990. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate, pulse
The pulse rate is most often taken at the wrist. It measures the number of pulsations in the radial artery each minute. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate, respiratory
The number of breaths per minute (or, more formally, the number of movements indicative of inspiration and expiration per unit time). In practice, the respiratory rate is usually determined by counting the number of times the chest rises (or falls) per minute. By whatever means, the aim is to determine if the respirations are normal, abnormally fas …
rate, sed
A sedimentation rate, or sed rate , is a blood test that detects and is used to monitor inflammation activity. It is measured by recording the rate at which red blood cells (rbcs) sediment in a tube over time. It increases (the rbcs sediment faster) with more inflammation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rate, sedimentation
A sedimentation rate, or sed rate , is a blood test that detects and is used to monitor inflammation activity. It is measured by recording the rate at which red blood cells (rbcs) sediment in a tube over time. It increases (the rbcs sediment faster) with more inflammation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ratel
<zoology> Any carnivore of the genus Mellivora, allied to the weasels and the skunks. ... Synonym: honey badger. ... Several species are known in Africa and India. The Cape ratel (M. Capensis) and the Indian ratel (M. Indica) are the best known. The back is gray; the lower parts, face, and tail are black. They are fond of honey, and rob the nes …
Rathke, Martin
<person> German anatomist, physiologist, and pathologist, 1793-1860. ... See: Rathke's bundles, Rathke's cleft cyst, Rathke's diverticulum, Rathke's pocket, Rathke's pouch, Rathke's pouch tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rathke, Martin Heinrich
<person> Was a Physiologist and Pathologist. Appointed Professor at Dorpat and later at Konigsberg, where he was Professor of Zoology and Anatomy. ... Rathke's Pouch, Pocket - a depression in the roof of the embryonic mouth in front of the bucco-pharyngeal membrane. ... Lived: 1793-1860. B. Danzig, Aug 25th, 1793, d. Konigsberg, Sep 3rd, 1860.< …
Rathke's bundles
Synonym for trabeculae carneae ... Muscular bundles on the lining walls of the ventricles of the heart. ... Synonym: columnae carneae, Rathke's bundles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rathke's cleft cyst
An intrasellar or suprasellar cyst lined by cuboidal epithelium derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rathke's diverticulum
Synonym for pituitary diverticulum ... A tubular outgrowth of ectoderm from the stomodeum of the embryo; it grows dorsad toward the infundibular process of the diencephalon, around which it forms a cup-like mass, giving rise to the pars distalis and pars juxtaneuralis of the hypophysis. ... Synonym: craniopharyngeal canal, hypophyseal pouch, Rathke's …
Rathke's pouch
Synonym for pituitary diverticulum ... A tubular outgrowth of ectoderm from the stomodeum of the embryo; it grows dorsad toward the infundibular process of the diencephalon, around which it forms a cup-like mass, giving rise to the pars distalis and pars juxtaneuralis of the hypophysis. ... Synonym: craniopharyngeal canal, hypophyseal pouch, Rathke's …
Rathke's pouch tumour
Synonym for craniopharyngioma ... <oncology, tumour> A form of primary brain tumour which develops in the pituitary gland. ... These tumours often secrete increased quantities of pituitary hormones (for example growth hormone) which can result in conditions such as gigantism and acromegaly. They are often benign and rare and comprise less than …
ratify
To approve and sanction; to make valid; to establish; to settle; especially, to give sanction to, as something done by an agent or servant; as, to ratify an agreement, treaty, or contract; to ratify a nomination. 'It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie by ratifying an imposture with such a miracle.' (South) ... Origin: F. Ratif …
