Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

reaction of partial identity
See: gel diffusion precipitin tests in two dimensions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reaction quotient
<chemistry> A constant represented by the symbol Q which is defined as the product of the concentrations of the products, each raised to the power that corresponds to its coefficient in the balanced equation, divided by the product of the concentrations of reactants, each raised to the power that corresponds to its coefficient in the balanced …

reaction time
The time from the onset of a stimulus until the organism responds. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reaction, allergic
A reaction that occurs when the immune system attacks a usually harmless substance (an allergen) that gains access to the body. The immune system calls upon a protective substance called immunoglobulin e (IgE) to fight these invading allergic substances ( allergens). Even though everyone has some IgE, an allergic person has an unusually large army …

reactivate
1. To render active again. ... 2. In particular, of an inactivated immune serum to which normal serum (complement) is added. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reactivation
The restoration of activity to something that has been inactivated. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

reactive arthritis
Reiter's syndrome is also called reactive arthritis since it is thought to involve the immune system which is reacting to the presence of bacterial infections in the genital, urinary, or gastrointestinal systems. Accordingly, certain people's immune systems are genetically primed to react aberrantly when these areas are exposed to certain bacteria. …

reactive astrocyte
Synonym for gemistocytic astrocyte ... <cell biology> A round to oval astrocyte cell with abundant cytoplasm containing glial filaments and an eccentric nucleus; may contain two nuclei in the cell hypertrophy of astrocytes. ... Synonym: gemistocyte, gemistocytic cell, reactive astrocyte, reactive cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reactive attachment disorder
Markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness that begins before age 5 and is associated with grossly pathological child care. The child may persistently fail to initiate and respond to social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way (inhibited type) or there may be a pattern of diffuse attachments with nondiscrim …

reactive cell
Synonym for gemistocytic astrocyte ... <cell biology> A round to oval astrocyte cell with abundant cytoplasm containing glial filaments and an eccentric nucleus; may contain two nuclei in the cell hypertrophy of astrocytes. ... Synonym: gemistocyte, gemistocytic cell, reactive astrocyte, reactive cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reactive depression
A psychological state occasioned directly by an intensely sad external situation (frequently loss of a loved person), relieved by the removal of the external situation (e.g., reunion with a loved person). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reactive hyperaemia
Hyperaemia following the arrest and subsequent restoration of the blood supply to a part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reactive inhibition
Tendency toward a lessened strength of response due to practice or activity. It is independent of the effect of reward and is a direct function of time interval since the last response and the number of preceding responses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reactive oxygen species
Reactive intermediate oxygen species including both radicals and non-radicals. These substances are constantly formed in the human body and have been shown to kill bacteria and inactivate proteins, and have been implicated in a number of diseases. Scientific data exist that link the reactive oxygen species produced by inflammatory phagocytes to can …

reactive perforating collagenosis
A rare skin disorder characterised by extrusion of collagen fibres through the epidermis; usually begins in infancy or childhood and appears clinically as recurrent umbilicated papules that resolve spontaneously. The condition may be inherited or acquired, the latter differing from Kyrle's disease because follicular involvement is absent. ... (05 Ma …

reactive schizophrenia
Those forms of severe schizophrenic disorders which are distinguished from process schizophrenia by their more acute onset, greater relation to environmental stress, and better prognosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reactivity
The process or property of reacting. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

read
1. To advise; to counsel. See Rede. 'Therefore, I read thee, get to God's word, and thereby try all doctrine.' (Tyndale) ... 2. To interpret; to explain; as, to read a riddle. ... 3. To tell; to declare; to recite. 'But read how art thou named, and of what kin.' (Spenser) ... 4. To go over, as characters or words, and utter aloud, or recite to one's s …

reading frame
One of the three possible ways of reading a nucleotide sequence. As the genetic code is read in nonoverlapping triplets (codons) there are three possible ways of translating a sequence of nucleotides into a protein, each with a different starting point. For example: given the nucleotide sequence: AGCAGCAGC, the three reading frames are: AGC AGC AGC …

reading frame, open
An open reading frame in DNA has no termination codon, no signal to stop reading the nucleotide sequence, and so may be translated into protein. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reading frames
The sequence of codons by which translation may occur. A segment of mRNA 5'auccga3' could be translated in three reading frames, 5'auc.. Or 5'ucc.. Or 5'ccg.., depending on the location of the start codon. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reading-frameshift mutation
Synonym for frameshift mutation ... <molecular biology> A type of mutation that results from insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide into, or from, an open reading frame in the normal DNA sequence. ... Normally, the genetic code is read in the wrong frame, three nucleotides at a time, and the entire sequence downstream of the mutation, is …

readthrough
<molecular biology> The transcription of a nucleic acid sequence beyond its normal termination sequence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ready
1. Prepared for what one is about to do or experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act or event; prepared for immediate movement or action; as, the troops are ready to march; ready for the journey. 'When she redy was.' ... 2. Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for lack of being prepared or furnished. 'Dinner …

reagent
Synonym for periodic acid Schiff reaction ... <technique> A histochemical technique based on periodic acid oxidation of a substance containing the 1,2-glycol grouping. ... It is used for staining carbohydrates as the resulting dialdehyde reacts with Schiff reagent to form a coloured product. ... The adjacent hydroxyl groups are oxidized to form …

reagent kits, diagnostic
Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reagent strips
Narrow pieces of material impregnated or covered with a substance used to produce a chemical reaction. The strips are used in detecting, measuring, producing, etc., other substances. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reagin
<protein> Reaginic antibodies, an outmoded term for IgE. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

reaginic
Pertaining to a reagin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reaginic antibody
Synonym for homocytotropic antibody ... <immunology> A type of antibody which is able to attach itself to the surfaces of cells without needing specific combining sites. A homocytotropic antibody will only bind to cells which are from the same species as itself. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

real
Royal; regal; kingly. 'The blood real of Thebes.' ... 1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a description of real life. 'Whereat I waked, and found Before mine eyes all real, as the dream Had lively shadowed.' (Milton) ... 2. True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or factitious; often opposed to ostensible; as, the real …

real focus
The point of meeting of convergent rays. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

real image
An image formed by the convergence of the actual rays of light from an object. ... Synonym: inverted image. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

real-time ultrasonography
Rapid serial ultrasound images produced using a phased array or scanning transducer; produces a video display of organ motion, such as heart valve or foetal motion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reality
That which exists objectively and in fact, and can be consensually validated. ... Origin: L. Res, thing, fact ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reality adaptation
The ability to adjust to the world as it exists. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reality awareness
The ability to distinguish external objects as being different from oneself. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reality principle
The concept that the pleasure principle in personality development is modified by the demands of external reality; the principle or force that compels the growing child to adapt to the demands of external reality. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reality testing
The individual's objective evaluation of the external world and the ability to differentiate adequately between it and the internal world; considered to be a primary ego function. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reality therapy
A form of therapy in which the patient learns to fulfill his needs of involvement and responsibility which are basic to facing and accepting reality. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

realm
1. A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the dominion of a king; a kingdom. 'The absolute master of realms on which the sun perpetually alone.' (Motley) ... 2. Hence, in general, province; region; country; domain; department; division; as, the realm of fancy. ... Origin: OE. Realme, ream, reaume, OF. Reialme, roialme, F. Royaume, fr …

ream
To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a reamer. ... Origin: Cf. G. Raumen to remove, to clear away, fr. Raum room. See Room. ... To cream; to mantle. 'A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the hostess, reamed with excellent claret.' (Sir W. Scott) ... Source: We …

reamer
A rotating finishing or drilling tool used to shape or enlarge a hole. ... Origin: A.S. Ryman, to widen ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reannealing
Renaturation of a DNA sample that has been dissociated by heating. In reannealing the two strands that recombine to form a double stranded molecule are from the same source. Differences in the rate of reannealing led to the early recognition of repetitive sequences which rapidly recombine (have low C0t values). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

reap
1. To cut with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to gather, as a harvest, by cutting. 'When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field.' (Lev. 9) ... 2. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or harvest, or as the fruit of labour or of works; in a good or a bad sense; as, to reap a benef …

rear
1. To raise; to lift up; to cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to elevate; as, to rear a monolith. 'In adoration at his feet I fell Submiss; he reared me.' (Milton) 'It reareth our hearts from vain thoughts.' (Barrow) 'Mine [shall be] the first hand to rear her banner.' (Ld. Lytton) ... 2. To erect by building; to set up; to construct; as, to rear d …

rearrangement
A restructuring; e.g., in a molecule. ... Amadori rearrangement, a rearrangement that occurs in cross-linking reactions seen in collagen and in protein glycosylations; e.g., conversion of N-glycosides of aldoses to N-glycosides of the corresponding ketoses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reason
1. A thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause of an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a conclusion; principl …

reattachment
New epithelial or connective tissue attachment to the surface of a tooth that was surgically detached and not exposed to oral environment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reaumur scale
A thermometer scale in which each degree Reaumur (°R) is 1/80 of the temperature difference between the freezing point and boiling point of pure water at 1 atmosphere pressure, with 0°R set at the freezing point and 80°R set at the boiling point of water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reaumur, Rene de
<person> French physicist, 1683-1757. ... See: Reaumur scale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rebase
In dentistry, to refit a denture by replacing the denture base material without changing the occlusal relationship of the teeth. ... See: reline. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rebate
1. A restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner or edge of any body; a rabbet. See Rabbet. ... 2. A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to beat out mortar. ... 3. An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used for dressing and polishing wood. ... 4. [Perhaps a different word] A kind of hard freestone used in …

rebec
1. An instrument formerly used which somewhat resembled the violin, having three strings, and being played with a bow. ... Alternative forms: rebeck] 'He turn'd his rebec to a mournful note.' (Drayton) ... 2. A contemptuous term applied to an old woman. ... Origin: F, fr. It. Ribeca, ribeba, fr. Ar. Rabab a musical instrument of a round form. ... Sourc …

rebel
1. To renounce, and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or government to which one owes obedience. See Rebellion. 'The murmur and the churl's rebelling.' (Chaucer) 'Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against the Lord.' (Josh. Xxii. 16) ... 2. To be disobedient to authority; to assume a hostile or insubordinate attitud …

rebellion
1. The act of rebelling; open and avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which one owes obedience, and resistances to its officers and laws, either by levying war, or by aiding others to do so; an organised uprising of subjects for the purpose of coercing or overthrowing their lawful ruler or government by force; revolt; insurrec …

rebound
Just like a rebound in basketball when the ball reverses its course and bounces back off the backboard, in medicine a rebound is a reversal of response upon withdrawal of the stimulus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rebound effect
The characteristic of a drug to produce reverse effects when either the effect of the drug has passed or when the patient no longer responds to the drug. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

rebound phenomenon
Generally, any phenomenon in which a variable that has been displaced from its normal state by a disturbing influence temporarily deviates from normal in the opposite direction when the disturbing influence is suddenly removed, before finally stabilizing at its normal state, i.e., a phenomenon involving undershoot; e.g., the subsequent hypoglycaemi …

rebreathing
Inhalation of part or all of gases previously exhaled. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rebreathing anaesthesia
A technique for inhalation anaesthesia in which a portion or all of the gases that are exhaled are subsequently inhaled after carbon dioxide has been absorbed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rebreathing technique
Use of a breathing or anaesthesia circuit in which exhaled air is subsequently inhaled either with or without absorption of CO2 from the exhaled air. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rebuck skin window technique
An in vivo test of the inflammatory response in which the skin is abraded and a slide applied to the abraded area to permit visualization of leukocyte mobilization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rebus
Origin: L. Rebus by things, abl. Pl. Of res a thing: cf. F. Rebus. Cf. 3d things, abl. Pl. Of res a thing: cf. F. Rebus. Cf. 3d Real. ... 1. A mode of expressing words and phrases by pictures of objects whose names resemble those words, or the syllables of which they are composed; enigmatical representation of words by figures; hence, a peculiar for …

rec A protein
<protein> A protein (40 kD) product of the rec (recombination) gene, that catalyses the pairing of a single stranded piece of DNA with its complementary sequence, displacing a loop of single stranded DNA (D loop). ... It catalyses the ATP-driven exchange of DNA strands in genetic recombination. The product of the reaction consists of a duplex …

rec B protein
<protein> Protein (140 kD), one subunit of nuclease that unwinds double stranded DNA and fragments the strands sequentially, the other subunit is recC (128 kD) ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

RecA
An Escherichia coli protein that specifically recognises single-stranded DNA and anneals it to a complementary sequence in a duplex which is homologous. This results in the displacement of the original complementary strand of the duplex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recalcification
Restoration to the tissues of lost calcium salts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recalcitrant
Resistant to microbial attack. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

recall
The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Recamier, Joseph
<person> French gynecologist, 1774-1852. ... See: Recamier's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Recamier's operation
Curettage of the uterus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recanalization
1. Restoration of a lumen in a blood vessel following thrombotic occlusion, by organization of the thrombus with formation of new channels. ... 2. Spontaneous restoration of the continuity of the lumen of any occluded duct or tube, as with post-vasectomy recanalization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recapitulation
See: recapitulation theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recapitulation theory
The theory formulated by E.H. Haeckel that individuals in their embryonic development pass through stages similar in general structural plan to the stages their species passed through in its evolution; more technically phrased, the theory that ontogeny is an abbreviated recapitulation of phylogeny. ... Synonym: biogenetic law, law of biogenesis, Hae …

receive
1. To take, as something that is offered, given, committed, sent, paid, or the like; to accept; as, to receive money offered in payment of a debt; to receive a gift, a message, or a letter. 'Receyven all in gree that God us sent.' (Chaucer) ... 2. Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into the mind by assent to; to give admission to; to accept, a …

receiver
1. One who takes or receives in any manner. ... 2. A person appointed, ordinarily by a court, to receive, and hold in trust, money or other property which is the subject of litigation, pending the suit; a person appointed to take charge of the estate and effects of a corporation, and to do other acts necessary to winding up its affairs, in certain c …

receiver cell
<plant biology> Cells in the photosynthetic tissues of plants into which the solutes from xylem are pumped. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

receiver operating characteristic
A plot of the sensitivity of a diagnostic test as a function of non-specificity (one minus the specificity). The ROC curve indicates the intrinsic properties of a test's diagnostic performance and can be used to compare the relative merits of competing procedures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recension
1. The act of reviewing or revising; review; examination; enumeration. ... 2. Specifically, the review of a text (as of an ancient author) by an editor; critical revisal and establishment. ... 3. The result of such a work; a text established by critical revision; an edited version. ... Origin: L. Recensio: cf. F. Recension. ... Source: Websters Diction …

recent
1. Of late origin, existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of remote date, antiquated style, or the like; not already known, familiar, worn out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; as, recent news. 'The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of that country [Egypt] was recent, and formed out of the mud discharged into the neig …

receptacle
The main stem of a flower (torus), in ferns, a main stem on which sporangia arise. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

receptaculum chyli
Synonym for cisterna chyli ... A dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct into which the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks open; it occurs inconstantly and when present is located posterior to the aorta on the anterior aspect of the bodies of the first and second lumbar vertebrae. ... Synonym: ampulla chyli, chyle cistern, chy …

receptaculum ganglii petrosi
Synonym for petrosal fossula ... A small and often only faintly marked depression on the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, between the jugular fossa and the opening of the carotid canal; here opens the canaliculus tympanicus transmitting the tympanic nerve. ... Synonym: fossula petrosa, petrosal fossa, receptaculum ganglii …

receptaculum pecqueti
Synonym for cisterna chyli ... A dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct into which the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks open; it occurs inconstantly and when present is located posterior to the aorta on the anterior aspect of the bodies of the first and second lumbar vertebrae. ... Synonym: ampulla chyli, chyle cistern, chy …

reception
1. The act of receiving; receipt; admission; as, the reception of food into the stomach; the reception of a letter; the reception of sensation or ideas; reception of evidence. ... 2. The state of being received. ... 3. The act or manner of receiving, especially. Of receiving visitors; entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony of receiving guests; …

receptive
Sensitive or responsive to stimulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

receptive aphasia
Synonym for sensory aphasia ... Aphasia in which there is impairment in the comprehension of spoken and written words, associated with effortless, articulated, but paraphrasic, speech and writing; malformed words, substitute words, and enologisms are charcteristic. When severe, and speech is incomprehensible, it is called jargon aphasia. The patient …

receptive field
That part of the retina whose photoreceptors (rods and cones) pertain to a single optic nerve fibre. The response of a neuron to stimulation of its receptive field depends on the type of neuron and the part of the field that is illuminated; an 'on-centre' neuron is stimulated by light falling at the centre of its receptive field and inhibited by li …

receptoma
An obsolete term for chemodectoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

receptor
1. A molecular structure within a cell or on the surface characterised by selective binding of a specific substance and a specific physiologic effect that accompanies the binding, for example, cell surface receptors for peptide hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, complement fragments and immunoglobulins and cytoplasmic receptors for steroid horm …

receptor aggregation
Chemically stimulated aggregation of cell surface receptors, which potentiates the action of the effector cell. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

receptor agonist
A substance that mimics a specificneurotransmitter, is able to attach to that neurotransmitter's receptor and thereby produces the same action that theneurotransmitter usually produces. Drugs are often designed as receptor agonists to treat a variety of diseases and disorders whenthe original chemical substance is missing or depleted. ... (22 May 19 …

receptor downregulation
A phenomenon observed in many cells: following stimulation with a ligand the number of receptors for that ligand on the cell surface diminishes because internalisation exceeds replenishment. Often used very loosely, thus destroying the utility of the term. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

receptor mediated endocytosis
Endocytosis of molecules by means of a specific receptor protein that normally resides in a coated pit, but may enter this structure after complex formation occurs. The structure then forms a coated vesicle that delivers its contents to the endosome whence it may enter the cytoplasm or the lysosomal compartment. Many bacterial toxins and viruses en …

receptor potential
The transmembrane potential difference of a sensory cell. Such cells are not generally excitable, but their response to stimulation is a gradual change in their resting potential. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

receptor protein
An intracellular protein (or protein fraction) that has a high specific affinity for binding a known stimulus to cellular activity, such as a steroid hormone or adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
<enzyme> A catalytic protein-tyrosine kinase domain found on the cytoplasmic beta-portion of receptors. Many growth and differentiation factor receptors contain this domain. It is critical for the signal transduction pathways required for mitogenesis, transformation, and cell differentiation. ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) …

receptor site
Point of attachment of viruses, hormones, or other activators to cell membranes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

receptor tyrosine kinase
Class of membrane receptors that phosphorylate tyrosine residues. Many play significant roles in development or cell division. ... Examples: insulin receptor family, c ros receptor, Drosophila sevenless, trk family. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...