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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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radiotherapy<oncology> The treatment of disease by ionising radiation. ... Origin: Gr. Therapeia = cure ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
radiotherapy dosageThe total amount of radiation absorbed by tissues as a result of radiotherapy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
radiotherapy localizationPlanning the size and alignment of radiation beams to encompass the neoplasm to be treated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radiotherapy, adjuvantRadiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
radiotherapy, computer-assistedComputer systems or programs used in accurate computations for providing radiation dosage treatment to patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
radiotherapy, high-energyRadiotherapy using high-energy (megavolt or higher) ionizing radiation. Types of radiation include gamma rays, produced by a radioisotope within a teletherapy unit; X-rays, electrons, protons, alpha particles (helium ions) and heavy charged ions, produced by particle acceleration; and neutrons and pi-mesons (pions), produced as secondary particles …
radiothermyDiathermy effected by heat from radiant sources. ... Origin: radio-+ G. Therme, heat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radiothyroidectomy<procedure> The destruction of thyroid tissue by administration of radioactive iodine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radiothyroxinSynonym for radioactive thyroxine ... Thyroxine in which a radioisotope of iodine (125I or 131I) is incorporated into its molecule; used in experiments tracing the metabolism of thyroxine. ... Synonym: labelled thyroxine, radiolabelled thyroxine, radiothyroxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radiotoxaemiaRadiation sickness caused by the products of disintegration produced by the action of X-rays or other forms of radioactivity and by the depletion of certain cells and enzyme systems from the organism. ... Origin: radio-+ G. Toxikon, poison, + haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radiotracerA radionuclide or radiolabelled chemical; a radioactive tracer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radiotransparentAllowing relatively free transmission of radiant energy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radiotropicAffected by radiation. ... Origin: radio-+ G. Trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radioulnarRelating to both radius and ulna. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radioulnar articular diskSynonym for articular disc of distal radioulnar joint ... The disk that holds together the distal ends of the radius and ulna; it is attached by its apex to a depression between the styloid process and distal surface of the head of the ulna, and by its base to the ridge separating the ulnar notch from the carpal surface of the radius. ... Synonym: di …
radisectomySynonym: root amputation. ... Origin: L. Radix, root, + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radish<botany> The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant (Paphanus sativus); also, the whole plant. ... <zoology> Radish fly, a small two-winged fly (Anthomyia raphani) whose larvae burrow in radishes. It resembles the onion fly. ... <botany> Rat-tailed radish, the jointed charlock. ... Origin: F. Radis; cf. It. Radice, Pr. …
radiumThe celebrated radioactive element discovered by Marie and pierre curie in 1898. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
radium beam therapySynonym for teleradium therapy ... Therapeutic use of radium rays, the source of which is a quantity of radium at a distance from the patient. ... Synonym: radium beam therapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radiusOne of two bones which constitute the forearm. The largest portion of the radius is at the wrist joint where it articulates with the carpal bones of the hand. Above, the radius articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint. Bony injury (fracture) to the radius occurs most commonly at the wrist. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
radius fixusA line passing from the hormion to the inion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radius vector1. <mathematics> A straight line (or the length of such line) connecting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point, or pole, round which the straight line turns, and to which it serves to refer the successive points of a curve, in a system of polar coordinates. See Coordinate. ... 2. <astronomy> An ideal straight line joining the cent …
radix anteriorSynonym for ventral root ... The motor root of a spinal nerve. ... Synonym: radix anterior, radix motoria, anterior root, motor root, radix ventralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix arcus vertebraeSynonym for pedicle of arch of vertebra ... The constricted portion of the arch on either side extending from the body to the lamina; bound intervertebral foramina superiorly and inferiorly. ... Synonym: pediculus arcus vertebrae, radix arcus vertebrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix brevis ganglii ciliarisSynonym for parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion ... A branch of the oculomotor nerve supplying parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibres to the ciliary ganglion. ... Synonym: radix parasympathica ganglii ciliaris, radix oculomotoria ganglii ciliaris, motor root of ciliary ganglion, oculomotor root of ciliary ganglion, radix brevis ganglii cilia …
radix clinicaSynonym for clinical root ... That portion of a tooth embedded in the investing structures; the portion of a tooth not visible in the oral cavity. ... Synonym: radix clinica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix cochlearisSynonym for cochlear root of VIII nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> One of the components of the vestibulocochlear nerve; it is made up of the central processes of the bipolar neurons which compose the spiral (cochlear) ganglion in the spiral canal of the modiolus of the bony cochlea; the cochlear root enters the cranial cavity by passing in fascicle …
radix dentisSynonym for root of tooth ... That part of a tooth below the neck, covered by cementum rather than enamel, and attached by the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone. ... Synonym: radix dentis, radix, root. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix dorsalisSynonym for dorsal root ... The sensory root of a spinal nerve, having a dorsal root ganglion containing the nerve cell bodies of the fibres conveyed by the root in its distal end. ... Synonym: radix posterior, radix sensoria, posterior root, radix dorsalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix facialisSynonym for nerve of pterygoid canal ... The nerve constituting the parasympathetic and sympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion; it is formed in the region of the foramen lacerum by the union of the greater superficial petrosal and the deep petrosal nerves, and runs through the pterygoid canal to the pterygopalatine fossa. ... Synonym: nervu …
radix inferior ansae cervicalisSynonym for inferior root of ansa cervicalis ... Fibres from the second and third cervical nerves that pass forward and downward along the internal jugular vein; they contribute to the ansa cervicalis and innervate the infrahyoid muscles. ... Synonym: descendens cervicalis, radix inferior ansae cervicalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix lateralis nervi medianiSynonym for lateral root of median nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The part of the median nerve arising from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. ... Synonym: radix lateralis nervi mediani. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix lateralis tractus opticiSynonym for lateral root of optic tract ... The larger division of the posterior end of the optic tract that terminates in the lateral geniculate body. ... Synonym: radix lateralis tractus optici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix linguaeSynonym for root of tongue ... The posterior attached portion of the tongue. ... Synonym: radix linguae, base of tongue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix longa ganglii ciliarisSynonym for sensory root of ciliary ganglion ... Sensory fibres passing from the eyeball through the ciliary ganglion to their cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion via the nasociliary nerve. ... Synonym: radix sensoria ganglii ciliaris, ramus communicans nervi nasociliaris cum ganglio ciliari, radix nasociliaris, long root of ciliary ganglion, naso …
radix medialis nervi medianiSynonym for medial root of median nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The part of the median nerve coming from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. ... Synonym: radix medialis nervi mediani. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix medialis tractus opticiSynonym for medial root of optic tract ... The smaller division of the posterior end of the optic tract that disappears under the medial geniculate body. ... Synonym: radix medialis tractus optici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix mesenteriiSynonym for root of mesentry ... The origin of the mesentery of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) from the posterior parietal peritoneum; about 9 inches (23 cm.) in length, it extends from the duodenojejunal flexure (just to the left of the midline at the L2 vertebral level) to the ileocaecal junction (iliac fossa). ... Synonym: radix mesenteri …
radix motoriaAn alternate term for ventral root. ... Radix motoria nervi trigemini ... An alternate term for motor root of trigeminal nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix nasiSynonym for root of nose ... The upper least protruding portion of the external nose situated between the two orbits. ... Synonym: radix nasi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix nasociliarisAn alternate term for sensory root of ciliary ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix nervi facialisSynonym for root of facial nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Fibres running from the facial motor nucleus upward to the facial colliculus where they curve around the abducens nucleus and then pass peripherally between the superior olive and sensory nucleus of the trigeminal, to emerge as the facial nerve from the pontomedullary groove. ... Synonym: ra …
radix oculomotoria ganglii ciliarisAn alternate term for parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix penisSynonym for root of penis ... The proximal attached part of the penis, including the two crura and the bulb. ... Synonym: radix penis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix piliSynonym for hair root ... The part of a hair that is embedded in the hair follicle, its lower succulent extremity capping the dermal papilla pili in the deep bulbous portion of the follicle. ... Synonym: radix pili. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix posteriorSynonym for dorsal root ... The sensory root of a spinal nerve, having a dorsal root ganglion containing the nerve cell bodies of the fibres conveyed by the root in its distal end. ... Synonym: radix posterior, radix sensoria, posterior root, radix dorsalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix pulmonisSynonym for root of lung ... All the structures entering or leaving the lung at the hilum, forming a pedicle invested with the pleura; includes the bronchi, pulmonary artery and veins, bronchial arteries and veins, lymphatics, and nerves. ... Synonym: radix pulmonis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix sensoriaSynonym for dorsal root ... The sensory root of a spinal nerve, having a dorsal root ganglion containing the nerve cell bodies of the fibres conveyed by the root in its distal end. ... Synonym: radix posterior, radix sensoria, posterior root, radix dorsalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix sensoria ganglii ciliarisSynonym for sensory root of ciliary ganglion ... Sensory fibres passing from the eyeball through the ciliary ganglion to their cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion via the nasociliary nerve. ... Synonym: radix sensoria ganglii ciliaris, ramus communicans nervi nasociliaris cum ganglio ciliari, radix nasociliaris, long root of ciliary ganglion, naso …
radix sensoria nervi trigeminiAn alternate term for sensory root of trigeminal nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix superior ansae cervicalisSynonym for superior root of ansa cervicalis ... The fibres that arise from the first and second cervical nerves, accompany the hypoglossal nerve, then branch off to meet the inferior root in the ansa cervicalis; they innervate the infrahyoid muscles. ... Synonym: descendens hypoglossi, descending branch of hypoglossal nerve, radix superior ansae cer …
radix sympathica ganglii ciliarisSynonym for sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion ... Postganglionic fibres,having cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion, branching from the carotid plexus passing through the ciliary ganglion without synapse to reach the eyeball. ... Synonym: radix sympathica ganglii ciliaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix unguisSynonym for root of nail ... The proximal end of the nail, concealed under a fold of skin. ... Synonym: radix unguis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix ventralisSynonym for ventral root ... The motor root of a spinal nerve. ... Synonym: radix anterior, radix motoria, anterior root, motor root, radix ventralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radix vestibularisSynonym for vestibular root ... Radix vestibularis, radix superior nervi vestibulocochlearis, superior root of vestibulocochlear nerve, vestibular root of vestibulocochlear nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
radixin<molecular biology> Barbed end capping actin modulating protein (82 kD) found in adherens junctions and in the cleavage furrow of many cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
radonA radioactive element formed as a gas during the breakdown of radium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
radon daughters<chemical> Short-lived radioactive decay products of radon that include 216-po, 214-pb, 214-bi, and 214-po. They have an effective half-life of about 30 minutes and are solids that can deposit on the bronchial airways during inhalation and exhalation. This results in exposure of the respiratory airways to alpha radiation and can lead to disea …
RAEBSynonym for refractory anaemia with excess blasts ... <haematology> A form of myelodysplasia characterised by the build up of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the bone marrow. ... If the immature cells are particularly numerous it may indicate a chance of transformation to acute leukaemia and the condition is called refractory anaemia wit …
RaederGeorg Johann, Norwegian ophthalmologist, 1889-1956. ... See: Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome<syndrome> A postganglionic Horner's syndrome associated with trigeminal nerve dysfunction caused by involvement of the carotid sympathetic plexus, near Mechel' cave. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raf<molecular biology> Serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in signal reponse transduction pathways involving tyrosine kinases. Apparently raf 1 is downstream of Ras1 in the signalling cascade. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
raf permease<chemical> Do not confuse with b-raf protein. ... Synonym: raffinose permease, rafb protein, rafb gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
raffinose<biochemistry, plant biology> A nonreducing trisaccharide found in sugar beet and many seeds, consisting of the disaccharide sucrose bearing a D galactosyl residue linked _(1-6) to its glucose group. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
rafoxanide<chemical> 3'-chloro-4'-(p-chlorophenoxy)-3,5-diiodosalicylanilide. Veterinary anthelmintic for grazing animals; used to treat fluke, hookworm and other infestations. ... Pharmacological action: antinematodal agent, antiplatyhelmintic agents. ... Chemical name: Benzamide, N-(3-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo- ... (12 Dec 1 …
raft1. A collection of logs, boards, pieces of timber, or the like, fastened, together, either for their own collective conveyance on the water, or to serve as a support in conveying other things; a float. ... 2. A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such as is formed in some Western rivers of the United States), which obstructs navigation. ... 3. [P …
rag1. A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a fragment. 'Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed, And fluttered into rags.' (Milton) 'Not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover the shame of their cruelty.' (Fuller) ... 2. Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress. 'And virtue, though in rags, …
RAG-1 esterase<enzyme> From the oil-degrading acinetobacter lwoffii rag-1; has been sequenced; when cloned in E coli confers the ability to grow on triacetin ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
rageFury; violent, intense anger. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ragged1. Rent or worn into tatters, or till the texture is broken; as, a ragged coat; a ragged sail. ... 2. Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough; jagged; as, ragged rocks. ... 3. Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant. 'A ragged noise of mirth.' ... 4. Wearing tattered clothes; as, a ragged fellow. ... 5. Rough; shaggy; rugged. …
ragpicker's diseaseSynonym for pulmonary anthrax ... A form of anthrax acquired by inhalation of dust containing Bacillus anthracis; there is an initial chill followed by pain in the back and legs, rapid respiration, dyspnea, cough, fever, rapid pulse, and extreme cardiovascular collapse. ... Synonym: anthrax pneumonia, ragpicker's disease, ragsorter's disease, rag-sor …
ragsorter's diseaseSynonym for pulmonary anthrax ... A form of anthrax acquired by inhalation of dust containing Bacillus anthracis; there is an initial chill followed by pain in the back and legs, rapid respiration, dyspnea, cough, fever, rapid pulse, and extreme cardiovascular collapse. ... Synonym: anthrax pneumonia, ragpicker's disease, ragsorter's disease, rag-sor …
Rahe, Richard<person> U.S. Psychiatrist, *1936. ... See: Holmes-Rahe questionnaire. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rahn-Otis sampleAn approximation of alveolar gas continuously provided by a simple device that admits just the latter part of each expiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rahn, Hermann<person> U.S. Respiratory physiologist, *1912. ... See: Rahn-Otis sample. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rail1. A bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so, extending from one post or support to another, as in fences, balustrades, staircases, etc. ... 2. A horizontal piece in a frame or paneling. ... 3. A bar of steel or iron, forming part of the track on which the wheels roll. It is usually shaped with reference to vertical strength, and is h …
railgun accelerator<radiobiology> Projectile accelerator which accelerates the particle using electromagnetic forces which arise when the particle completes an electrical circuit between two conducting rails connected to a source of high current. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
RaillietinaA genus of tapeworms (family Davaineidae, order Cyclophyllidea), three species of which, Raillietina madagascariensis or Raillietina demerariensis, Raillietina asiatica, and Raillietina formsana, have been found in humans. However, the identification of many of these worms found in man has been questioned. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raillietiniasisInfection of rodents and monkeys, and occasionally man, with tapeworms of the genus Raillietina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
railroad diseaseSynonym for transport tetany ... An acute disease seen in cattle and sheep during and shortly after shipping; it appears most often in females in advanced pregnancy and is believed to be precipitated by stress, lack of food and water, and perhaps heat. ... Synonym: railroad disease, railroad sickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
railroad nystagmusSynonym for optokinetic nystagmus ... Nystagmus induced by looking at moving visual stimuli. ... Synonym: opticokinetic nystagmus, railroad nystagmus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
railroad sicknessSynonym for transport tetany ... An acute disease seen in cattle and sheep during and shortly after shipping; it appears most often in females in advanced pregnancy and is believed to be precipitated by stress, lack of food and water, and perhaps heat. ... Synonym: railroad disease, railroad sickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
railroadsPermanent roads having a line of rails fixed to ties and laid to gage, usually on a leveled or graded ballasted roadbed and providing a track for freight cars, passenger cars, and other rolling stock. Cars are designed to be drawn by locomotives or sometimes propelled by self-contained motors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
railway1. A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or substructure. ... The modern railroad is a development and adaptation of the older tramway. ... 2. The road, track, etc, with al the lands, buildings, rolling stock, fran …
rainWater falling in drops from the clouds; the descent of water from the clouds in drops. 'Rain is water by the heat of the sun divided into very small parts ascending in the air, till, encountering the cold, it be condensed into clouds, and descends in drops.' (Ray) 'Fair days have oft contracted wind and rain.' (Milton) ... Rain is distinguished from …
rainbowA bow or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, the several colours of the spectrum, and formed in the part of the hemisphere opposite to the sun by the refraction and reflection of the sun's rays in drops of falling rain. ... Besides the ordinary bow, called also primary rainbow, which is formed by two refractions and one reflection, there is also a …
rainbow symptomSynonym for glaucomatous halo ... A yellowish white ring surrounding the optic disk, indicating atrophy of the choroid in glaucoma. ... Synonym: glaucomatous ring. ... A halo surrounding lights, caused by corneal oedema in glaucoma. ... Synonym: rainbow symptom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rainey, George<person> English anatomist, 1801-1884. ... See: Rainey's corpuscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rainey's corpusclesRounded, ovoidal, or sickle-shaped spores or bradyzoites, 12 to 16 by 4 to 9 um, found within the elongated cysts (Miescher's tubes) of the protozoan Sarcocystis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
raise1. To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a higher place; to lift upward; to elevate; to heave; as, to raise a stone or weight. Hence, figuratively: ... To bring to a higher condition or situation; to elevate in rank, dignity, and the like; to increase the value or estimation of; to promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance; as, to raise from a …
raisin1. A grape, or a bunch of grapes. ... 2. A grape dried in the sun or by artificial heat. ... <botany> Raisin tree, the common red currant, whose fruit resembles the small raisins of Corinth called currants. ... Origin: F. Raisin grape, raisin, L. Racemus cluster of grapes or berries; cf. Gr, berry, grape. Cf. Raceme. ... Source: Websters Dictiona …
raising1. The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting, producing, or restoring to life. ... 2. Specifically, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a building; as, to help at a raising. ... 3. The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning. Raising bee, a bee …
Raji cellA cell of a cultured line of lymphoblastoid cell's derived from a Burkitt's lymphoma; it possesses numerous receptors for certain complement components and is thus suitable for use in detection of immune complexes. It expresses certain complement receptors as well as Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Raji cell binding test<investigation> A test for the detection of soluble IgG antigen complexes. Raji cells are a line of EBV transformed lymphocytes with surface Fc receptors. Complexes are detected by their ability to compete with a radiolabelled aggregated IgG for binding to the cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Raji cell radioimmune assayFor immune complexes; a procedure by which immune complexes adsorbed from a test serum by a standard preparation of lymphoblastoid (Raji) cells are assayed by the capacity to bind 125I-labelled antibody to immunoglobulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rake1. An implement consisting of a headpiece having teeth, and a long handle at right angles to it, used for collecting hay, or other light things which are spread over a large surface, or for breaking and smoothing the earth. ... 2. A toothed machine drawn by a horse, used for collecting hay or grain; a horserake. ... 3. [Perhaps a different word. ... & …
ral<oncogene> Oncogene related to ras. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
rale<medicine> An adventitious sound, usually of morbid origin, accompanying the normal respiratory sounds. See Rhonchus. ... Various kinds are distinguished by pathologists; differing in intensity, as loud and small; in quality, as moist, dry, clicking, and sonorous; and in origin, as tracheal, pulmonary, and pleural. ... Origin: F. Rale. Cf. Rail …
ram1. The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a ram is called a tup. ... 2. <astronomy> Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of March. The constellation Aries, which does not now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same name. ... 3. An engine of war used for butting or battering. Specificall …
Ramachandran plotA graphical representation in which the dihedral angle of rotation about the alpha-carbon to carbonyl-carbon bond in polypeptides is plotted against the dihedral angle of rotation about the alpha-carbon to nitrogen bond. ... Synonym: conformational map. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
