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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

radiography, bitewing
Technique involving the passage of X-rays through oral structures to create a film record while a central tab or wing of dental X-ray film is being held between upper and lower teeth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiography, dental
Radiographic techniques used in dentistry. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiography, dental, digital
A rapid, low-dose, digital imaging system using a small intraoral sensor instead of radiographic film, an intensifying screen, and a charge-coupled device. It presents the possibility of reduced patient exposure and minimal distortion, although resolution and latitude are inferior to standard dental radiography. A receiver is placed in the mouth, r …

radiography, interventional
Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that are invasive or surgical in nature, and require the expertise of a specially trained radiologist. In general, they are more invasive than diagnostic imaging but less invasive than major surgery. They often involve catheterization, fluoroscopy, or computed tomography. Some examples include percutaneous tran …

radiography, panoramic
Extraoral body-section radiography depicting an entire maxilla, or both maxilla and mandible, on a single film. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiography, thoracic
X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiohumeral
Relating to the radius and the humerus; denoting the articulation between them. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioimmunity
Lessened sensitivity to radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioimmunoassay
<investigation, technique> Any system for testing antigen antibody reactions in which use is made of radioactive labelling of antigen or antibody to detect the extent of the reaction. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

radioimmunodetection
Use of radiolabelled antibodies for diagnostic imaging of neoplasms. Antitumour antibodies are labelled with diverse radionuclides including iodine-131, iodine-123, indium-111, or technetium-99m and injected into the patient. Images are obtained by a scintillation camera. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radioimmunodiffusion
A method for the study of antigen-antibody reactions by gel diffusion using radioisotope-labelled antigen or antibody. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioimmunoelectrophoresis
Immunoelectro phoresis in which the antigen or antibody is labelled with a radioisotope; e.g., in testing for insulin-binding antibodies by treating the test serum with radioactive iodine-labelled insulin, subjecting the mixture (antigen) to electrophoresis, precipitating the separated immunoglobulins with immunoglobulin-specific antiserum, and, th …

radioimmunoprecipitation
Immunoprecipi tation utilizing a radioisotope-labelled antibody or antigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioimmunoprecipitation assay
Sensitive assay using radiolabelled antigens to detect specific antibodies in serum. The antigens are allowed to react with the serum and then precipitated using a special reagent such as protein a sepharose beads. The bound radiolabelled immunoprecipitate is then commonly analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) is of …

radioimmunosorbent test
Radioimmunoassay of proteins using antibody coupled to an immunosorbent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radioimmunotherapy
Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumour targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (immunotoxins) has the advantage that adjacent tumour cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radi …

radioinsensitive
Not sensitive to X-rays and other forms of radiant energy. For example, a tumour may unfortunately be radioinsensitive. The opposite of radiosensitive. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radioiodinated
Treated or combined with radioiodine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioiodinated serum albumin
Synonym for iodinated 125I serum albumin ... A sterile, buffered, isotonic solution prepared to contain not less than 10 mg of radioiodinated normal human serum albumin per ml, and adjusted to provide not more than 1 mCi of radioactivity per ml; used as a diagnostic aid in determining blood volume and cardiac output. ... Synonym: radioiodinated serum …

radioiodine
A radioactive isotope of iodine. (An isotope is an alternate version of a chemical element that has a different atomic mass). Radioiodine can be used in diagnostic tests as well as in radiotherapy of the thyroid.for hyperthyroidism, radioiodine is administered in capsule form on a one-time basis. It directly radiates thyroid tissues thereby destroy …

radioiron
A radioactive isotope of iron; e.g., 59Fe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioisotope
<chemical, radiobiology> Form of a chemical element with unstable neutron number, so that it undergoes spontaneous nuclear disintegration. Major use in biology is to trace the fate of atoms or molecules that follow the same metabolic pathway or enzymic fate as the normal stable isotope, but that can be detected with high sensitivity by their …

radioisotope dilution technique
Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radioisotope renography
Graphic tracing over a time period of radioactivity measured externally over the kidneys following intravenous injection of a radionuclide which is taken up and excreted by the kidneys. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radioisotope teletherapy
A type of high-energy radiotherapy using a beam of gamma-radiation produced by a radioisotope source encapsulated within a teletherapy unit. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radioisotopes
Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radioisotopic purity
A loose term commonly used to denote radionuclidic purity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiolabelled
See: tag. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiolabelled thyroxine
Synonym for radioactive thyroxine ... Thyroxine in which a radioisotope of iodine (125I or 131I) is incorporated into its molecule; used in experiments tracing the metabolism of thyroxine. ... Synonym: labelled thyroxine, radiolabelled thyroxine, radiothyroxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiolead
A radioactive isotope of lead. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiolesion
A lesion produced by ionizing radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioligand
<radiobiology> A small molecule with a radionuclide tracer attached, that binds to a specific large molecule. It is usually used for radioimmunoassay procedures. ... Origin: radio-+ L. Ligandus, that which is to be bound, fr. Ligo, to bind ... (20 Sep 2002) ...

radioligand assay
<radiobiology> Quantitative determination of receptor (binding) proteins in body fluids or tissue using radioactively labelled binding reagents (e.g., antibodies, intracellular receptors, plasma binders). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiologic
Pertaining to radiology. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

radiologic health
Health concerns associated with the effects of radiation on the environment and on public and personal health. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiological
Pertaining to radiology. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

radiological anatomy
The study of bodily sturcture using radiographs and other imaging methods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiological enteroclysis
Method of imaging the duodenum and small intestine by intubation of the duodenum and instillation of dilute barium; also known as small bowel enema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiological sphincter
Synonym for physiological sphincter ... A section of a tubular structure that acts as if it has a band of circular muscle to constrict it, although no such specialised structure can be found on morphological examination. ... Synonym: functional sphincter, radiological sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiologist
<specialist> A medically qualified doctor who specialises in the use of imaging techniques (X-rays, Ultrasound, CT, MR, fine needle biopsy etc) for diagnosis (diagnostic radiologist) or one who specialises in the use of imaging techniques in assisting treatment, for example in inserting catheters into blood vessels, in choking the blood suppl …

radiology
<study> The study of X-rays in the diagnosis of a disease. ... (06 Oct 1997) ...

radiology department, hospital
Hospital department which is responsible for the administration and provision of X-ray diagnostic and therapeutic services. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiology information systems
Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of radiology services and facilities. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiology, interventional
Subspeciality of radiology that combines organ system radiography, catheter techniques and sectional imaging. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiolucency
The state of being radiolucent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiolucent
X-rays shine right through things that are radiolucent ( lucere in latin means to shine). Radiolucent structures appear black on exposed X-ray film. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiolus
A probe or sound. ... Origin: L. Dim. Of radius, spoke ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiometer
1. A forestaff. ... 2. <physics> An instrument designed for measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy. ... It consists of a number of light discs, blackened on one side, placed at the ends of extended arms, supported on an a pivot in an exhausted glass vessel. When exposed to rays of light or heat, the arms rotate. ... Origin: L. Radius …

radiometry
The measurement of radiation by photography, as in X-ray film and film badge, by geiger-mueller tube, and by scintillation counting. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiomimetic
Imitating the biologic effects of radiation, as in the case of chemicals such as nitrogen mustards. ... Origin: radio-+ G. Mimetikos, imitative ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiomuscular
Relating to the radius and the neighboring muscles; denoting certain nerves and muscular branches of the radial artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radionecrosis
Necrosis due to radiation; e.g., after excessive exposure to x-or gamma rays. ... See: radiation burn. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioneuritis
Neuritis caused by prolonged or repeated exposure to X-rays or radium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radionitrogen
A radioactive isotope of nitrogen; e.g., 13N. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radionuclide
An isotope of artificial or natural origin that exhibits radioactivity.Radionuclides serve as agents in nuclear medicine and genetic engineering, play a role in computer imaging for diagnosis and experiment, and account for a percentage of background radiation to which humans are exposed. In cancer therapy, radionuclides that localise to certain or …

radionuclide angiocardiography
The display, by means of a stationary scintillation camera device, of the passage of a bolus of a rapidly injected radiopharmaceutical. ... Synonym: radionuclide ventriculography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radionuclide angiography
The measurement of visualization by radiation of any organ after a radionuclide has been injected into its blood supply. It is used to diagnose heart, liver, lung, and other diseases and to measure the function of those organs, except renography, for which radioisotope renography is available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radionuclide cisternography
Scintigraphic imaging of the cisterns at the base of the brain following subarachnoid injection of a gamma-emitting radiopharmaceutical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radionuclide generator
A column containing a large amount of a particular radionuclide (mother radionuclide) that decays down to a second radionuclide of shorter physical half-life; the daughter radionuclide is separated from the parent by the process of elution and affords a continuing supply of relatively short-lived radionuclides for laboratory use; the elution is loo …

radionuclide generators
Separation systems containing a relatively long-lived parent radionuclide which produces a short-lived daughter in its decay scheme. The daughter can be periodically extracted (milked) by means of an appropriate eluting agent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radionuclide imaging
Process whereby a radionuclide is injected or measured (through tissue) from an external source, and a display is obtained from any one of several rectilinear scanner or gamma camera systems. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph. ... (12 Dec …

radionuclide scan
An exam that produces pictures (scans) of internal parts of the body. The patient is given an injection or swallows a small amount of radioactive material. A machine called a scanner then measures the radioactivity in certain organs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radionuclide ventriculography
Imaging of a ventricle of the heart after the injection of a radioactive contrast medium. The technique is less invasive than cardiac catheterization and is used to assess ventricular function. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radionuclidic purity
The proportion of the total radioactivity that is present as a specific radionuclide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiopacity
State of being radiopaque. ... Synonym: radiodensity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiopalmar
Relating to the radial or lateral side of the palm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiopaque
A radiopaque substance (for example metal) will be highlighted (appear white) on a plain X-ray. The use of iodine containing radiopaque contrast dyes allow enhancement of the anatomy demonstrable with conventional X-ray. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

radiopaque contrast
A radiopaque substance (for example metal) will be highlighted (appear white) on a plain X-ray. The use of iodine containing radiopaque contrast dyes allow enhancement of the anatomy demonstrable with conventional X-ray. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

radiopaque contrast dye
A radiopaque substance (for example metal) will be highlighted (appear white) on a plain X-ray. The use of iodine containing radiopaque contrast dyes allow enhancement of the anatomy demonstrable with conventional X-ray. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

radiopaque contrast material
A radiopaque substance (for example metal) will be highlighted (appear white) on a plain X-ray. The use of iodine containing radiopaque contrast dyes allow enhancement of the anatomy demonstrable with conventional X-ray. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

radiopathology
A branch of radiology or pathology concerned with the effects of radiation on cells and tissues. ... Compare: radiobiology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiopelvimetry
Radiographic measurement of the pelvis. ... See: pelvimetry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioperiosteal reflex
Synonym for brachioradial reflex ... With the arm supinated to 45°, a tap near the lower end of the radius causes contraction of the brachioradial (supinator longus) muscle. ... Synonym: radioperiosteal reflex, styloradial reflex, supination reflex, supinator jerk, supinator reflex, supinator longus reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiopharmaceutical
A radioactive chemical or pharmaceutical preparation, labelled with a radionuclide in tracer or therapeutic concentration, used as a diagnostic or therapeutic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiopharmaceutical chemistry
The science concerned with the labeling of pharmaceuticals with radionuclides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiopharmaceutical purity
The sterility and apyrogenicity of a radioactive tracer for human use. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiopharmaceuticals
Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (martindale, the extra pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

radiophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of radiation, as from X-rays or nuclear energy. ... Origin: radio-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiophosphorus
A radioactive isotope of phosphorus; e.g., 32P. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiopill
Synonym for radiotelemetering capsule ... An instrument that transmits measurements by radio impulses, from within the body; e.g., measurements of pressure from within the small bowel. ... Synonym: radiopill. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiopotassium
A radioactive isotope of potassium; e.g., 40K. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioreaction
A reaction of the body to radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioreceptor
1. A receptor that normally responds to radiant energy such as light or heat. ... 2. A receptor used as a binding agent for unlabelled and radiolabelled analyte in a type of competitive binding assay called radioreceptor assay. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioreceptor assay
A competitive binding assay in which the binder is a membrane or tissue receptor rather than an antibody. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radioresistant
Resistant to radiation therapy. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

radioscopy
Archaic term for fluoroscopy. ... Origin: radio-+ G. Skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiosensitiser
A chemical substance that increases the radiosensitivity of tissues; restoring normal tissue oxygen tension to an anoxic region is also an effective radiosensitiser. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiosensitive
Responsive to radiation therapy. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

radiosensitivity
The condition of being readily affected by radiant energy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiosensitization
The use of chemotherapy or other agents which increase the sensitivity of tissue to the effects or radiation therapy, usually by inhibiting cellular repair or increasing the percentage of cells in mitotic phases of the growth cycle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiosodium
A radioactive isotope of sodium; e.g., 24Na. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiostereoscopy
Simultaneou s viewing of two radiographs made in slightly different projections, usually with a device that reflects the image of one on each eye, allowing three-dimensional visualization of an object in relation to others. ... See: stereoradiography, stereoscope. ... Origin: radio-+ G. Stereos, solid, + skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiostrontium
A radioactive isotope of strontium; e.g., 90Sr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiosulfur
A radioactive isotope of sulfur; e.g., 35S. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiosurgery
Synonym for stereotactic radiosurgery ... A radiation therapy technique that uses a large number of narrow, precisely aimed, highly focused beams of ionising radiation. The beams are aimed from many directions circling the head and meet at a specific point. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

radiotelemetering capsule
An instrument that transmits measurements by radio impulses, from within the body; e.g., measurements of pressure from within the small bowel. ... Synonym: radiopill. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiotelemetry
See: telemetry, biotelemetry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiotherapeutic
Relating to radiotherapy or to radiotherapeutics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiotherapeutics
The study and use of radiotherapeutic agents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

radiotherapist
<specialist> (radiation oncologist) A medically qualified doctor who specialises in the use of irradiation for the treatment of cancer. In the UK, the radiotherapist is also called the Clinical Oncologist and is a Fellow of the Royal College of Radiologists. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...