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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


rectal reflex
The entrance of faecal matter into the rectum from the sigmoid colon causes an impulse to defecate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectal shelf
A shelf palpable by rectal examination, due to metastatic tumour cells gravitating from an abdominal cancer and growing in the rectovesical or rectouterine pouch. ... Synonym: Blumer's shelf. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectal sinuses
Synonym for anal sinuses ... The grooves between the anal columns. ... Synonym: Morgagni's sinus. ... Pockets or crypts in the columnar zone of the anal canal between the anocutaneous line and the anorectal line; the sinuses give the mucosa a scalloped appearance. ... Synonym: sinus anales, anal crypts, Morgagni's crypts, rectal sinuses. ... (05 Mar 200 …

rectal valves
Synonym for transverse rectal folds ... The three or four crescentic folds placed horizontally in the rectal mucous membrane; the superior rectal fold is situated near the beginning of the rectum on the left side; the middle rectal fold (Nelaton's fold) is most prominent and consistent and projects from the right side about 8 cm above the anus (appr …

rectal valvotomy
<procedure> Cutting through rectal folds that are too rigid or large. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectal venous plexus
A venous plexus resting upon the posterior and lateral walls of the rectum; it drains into the superior rectal vein to the portal, the middle rectal to the internal iliac and the inferior rectal to the internal pudendal. ... Synonym: plexus venosus rectalis, haemorrhoidal plexus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectalgia
Synonym for proctalgia ... Pain at the anus, or in the rectum. ... Synonym: proctodynia, rectalgia. ... Origin: proct-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectangle
<geometry> A four-sided figure having only right angles; a right-angled parallelogram. ... As the area of a rectangle is expressed by the product of its two dimensions, the term rectangle is sometimes used for product; as, the rectangle of a and b, that is, ab. ... Origin: F, fr. L. Rectus right + angulus angle. See Right, and Angle. ... Source: …

rectangular amputation
Amputation in which the flaps are fashioned in the shape of a rectangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectectomy
Synonym for proctectomy ... <procedure> Surgical resection of the rectum. ... Synonym: rectectomy. ... Origin: proct-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectification
1. The act or operation of rectifying; as, the rectification of an error; the rectification of spirits. 'After the rectification of his views, he was incapable of compromise with profounder shapes of error.' (De Quincey) ... 2. <geometry> The determination of a straight line whose length is equal a portion of a curve. ... <astronomy> Rect …

rectified optics
<microscopy> Microscope lens system correcting the rotation of polarized light that takes place at high-incidence-angle interfaces between the polarizer and analyser. Rectification provides high extinction for polarized-light and Differential Interference Contrast microscopy at high numerical apertures, thus permitting bifringence or phase re …

rectified spirit
Synonym for alcohol ... <chemical> An organic chemical containing one or more hydroxyl groups. Alcohols can be liquids, semisolids or solids at room temperature. ... Common alcohols include ethanol (the type found in alcoholic beverages) methanol (found in methylated spirit and can cause blindness and other nervous system damage if ingested) an …

rectified tar oil
A volatile oil distilled from pine tar; used externally in the treatment of skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectifier tube
An electronic tube, used in X-ray transformers, to convert alternating to direct current. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectify
1. To make or set right; to correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false state; to amend; as, to rectify errors, mistakes, or abuses; to rectify the will, the judgment, opinions; to rectify disorders. 'I meant to rectify my conscience.' (Shak) 'This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would have rectified.' (Burke) ... 2. <chemistry& …

rectifying synapse
<physiology> An electrical synapse at which current flow can only occur in one direction. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

recto-
The rectum. ... See: procto-. ... Origin: L. Rectum, fr. Rectus, straight ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectoabdominal
Relating to the rectum and the abdomen; denoting a bimanual method of examination with one hand on the abdominal wall and a finger of the other hand in the rectum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectocardiac reflex
A parasympathetic reflex producing bradycardia and hypotension upon stimulation of the pelvic nerve, the afferent limb being the sacral outflow of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, and the efferent limb, the cardiac vagus; said to accompany proctologic examinations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectocele
Synonym: proctocele. ... Origin: recto-+ G. Kele, tumour, hernia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectoclysis
Synonym for proctoclysis ... Slow continuous administration of saline solution by instillation into the rectum and sigmoid colon. ... Synonym: Murphy drip, rectoclysis. ... Origin: procto-+ G. Klysis, a washing out ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectococcygeal
Relating to the rectum and the coccyx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectococcygeal muscle
Synonym for rectococcygeus muscle ... <anatomy> A band of smooth muscle fibres passing from the posterior surface of the rectum to the anterior surface of second or third coccygeal segment. ... Synonym: musculus rectococcygeus, rectococcygeal muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectococcygeus muscle
<anatomy> A band of smooth muscle fibres passing from the posterior surface of the rectum to the anterior surface of second or third coccygeal segment. ... Synonym: musculus rectococcygeus, rectococcygeal muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectococcypexy
Synonym for proctococcypexy ... Suture of a prolapsing rectum to the tissues anterior to the coccyx. ... Synonym: rectococcypexy. ... Origin: procto-+ G. Kokkyx, coccyx, + pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectocolitis
Synonym for coloproctitis ... Inflammation of both colon and rectum. ... Synonym: colourectitis, proctocolitis, rectocolitis. ... Origin: colo-+ G. Proktos, anus (rectum), + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectolabial fistula
A fistula opening into the rectum and on the surface of a labium majus. ... Synonym: rectovulvar fistula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectolaryngeal reflex
Laryngeal spasm precipitated by stretching the anal sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectoperineal
Relating to the rectum and perineum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectoperineorrhaphy
Synonym: proctoperineoplasty. ... Origin: recto-+ perineo-+ G. Rhaphe, a sewing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectopexy
Synonym for proctopexy ... Surgical fixation of a prolapsing rectum. ... Synonym: rectopexy. ... Origin: procto-+ G. Pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectophobia
Synonym: proctophobia. ... Origin: recto-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectoplasty
Synonym for proctoplasty ... Plastic surgery of the anus or rectum. ... Synonym: rectoplasty. ... Origin: procto-+ G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rector
1. A ruler or governor. 'God is the supreme rector of the world.' (Sir M. Hale) ... 2. A clergyman in charge of a parish. ... 3. The head master of a public school. ... 4. The chief elective officer of some universities, as in France and Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college; as, the Rector of Exeter College, or of Lincoln College, at Oxford. ... …

rectorrhaphy
Synonym for proctorrhaphy ... Repair by suture of a lacerated rectum or anus. ... Synonym: rectorrhaphy. ... Origin: procto-+ G. Rhaphe, suture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectoscope
Synonym for proctoscope ... <instrument> A rectal speculum. ... Synonym: rectoscope. ... Origin: procto-+ G. Skopeo, to view ... Tuttle's proctoscope, a tubular rectal speculum illuminated at its distal extremity; after introduction, the obturator is withdrawn and a glass window is inserted in the proximal end; then, by means of a rubber bulb and …

rectoscopy
Synonym for proctoscopy ... Endoscopic examination of the rectum. It is used to localise, identify, and photograph pathologic alterations, to obtain biopsy material and perform other surgical interventions, and for delivery of medication. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rectosigmoid
<anatomy> The rectum and sigmoid colon considered as a unit; the term is also applied to the junction of the sigmoid colon and rectum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectosigmoid junction
<anatomy> The site where the sigmoid colon becomes the rectum; usually takes the form of an acute angle, demarcated externally by a discontinuation of appendices epiploicae, a spreading out of the teniae coli to completely encircle the rectum, and consequently, termination of the sacculations (haustrae) between the teniae. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

rectosigmoid sphincter
<anatomy> A circular band of muscular fibres at the recto sigmoid junction. ... Synonym: O'Beirne's sphincter, O'Beirne's valve, pelvirectal sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectostenosis
Synonym for proctostenosis ... Stricture of the rectum or anus. ... Synonym: rectostenosis. ... Origin: procto-+ G. Stenosis, a narrowing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectostomy
Synonym for proctostomy ... <procedure> The formation of an artificial opening into the rectum. ... Synonym: rectostomy. ... Origin: procto-+ G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectotome
Synonym for proctotome ... An instrument for use in proctotomy. ... Synonym: rectotome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectourethral
Relating to the rectum and the urethra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectourethral fistula
A fistula connecting the rectum and the urethra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectourethral muscle
Synonym for rectourethralis muscle ... <anatomy> Smooth muscle fibres that pass forward from the longitudinal muscle layer of the rectum to the membranous urethra in the male. ... Synonym: musculus rectourethralis, rectourethral muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectourethralis muscle
<anatomy> Smooth muscle fibres that pass forward from the longitudinal muscle layer of the rectum to the membranous urethra in the male. ... Synonym: musculus rectourethralis, rectourethral muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectouterine fold
Synonym for sacrouterine fold ... A fold of peritoneum, containing the rectouterine muscle, passing from the sacrum to the base of the broad ligament on either side, forming the lateral boundary of the rectouterine (Douglas') pouch. ... Synonym: plica rectouterina, Douglas' fold, Jarjavay's ligament, Petit's ligament, rectouterine fold, uterosacral l …

rectouterine muscle
<anatomy> A band of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle fibres passing between the cervix of the uterus and the rectum in the rectouterine fold, on either side. ... Synonym: musculus rectouterinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectouterine pouch
<anatomy> A pocket formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the rectum to the uterus. ... Synonym: excavatio rectouterina, cavum douglasi, cul-de-sac, Douglas' cul-de-sac, Douglas' pouch, pouch of Douglas, rectovaginouterine pouch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovaginal fistula
Abnormal communication between the rectum and the vagina. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rectovaginal septum
The fascial layer between the vagina and the lower part of the rectum. ... Synonym: septum rectovaginale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovaginouterine pouch
Synonym for rectouterine pouch ... <anatomy> A pocket formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the rectum to the uterus. ... Synonym: excavatio rectouterina, cavum douglasi, cul-de-sac, Douglas' cul-de-sac, Douglas' pouch, pouch of Douglas, rectovaginouterine pouch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovesical fascia
Synonym for rectovesical septum ... A fascial layer that extends superiorly from the central tendon of the perineum to the peritoneum between the prostate and rectum. ... Synonym: septum rectovesicale, Denonvilliers' aponeurosis, rectovesical fascia, Tyrrell's fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovesical fistula
A fistulous communication between the rectum and the bladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovesical fold
Synonym for sacrovesical fold ... The fold of peritoneum in the male that bounds the rectovesical pouch laterally. ... Synonym: rectovesical fold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovesical muscle
Synonym for rectovesicalis muscle ... <anatomy> Smooth muscle fibres in the sacrogenital fold in the male; they correspond to rectouterinus musculus. ... Synonym: musculus rectovesicalis, rectovesical muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovesical pouch
A pocket formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the rectum to the bladder in the male. ... Synonym: excavatio rectovesicalis, Proust's space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovesical septum
A fascial layer that extends superiorly from the central tendon of the perineum to the peritoneum between the prostate and rectum. ... Synonym: septum rectovesicale, Denonvilliers' aponeurosis, rectovesical fascia, Tyrrell's fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovesicalis muscle
<anatomy> Smooth muscle fibres in the sacrogenital fold in the male; they correspond to rectouterinus musculus. ... Synonym: musculus rectovesicalis, rectovesical muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovestibular
Relating to the rectum and the vestibule of the vagina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovestibular fistula
A fistula between rectum and vestibule of the vagina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectovulvar fistula
Synonym for rectolabial fistula ... A fistula opening into the rectum and on the surface of a labium majus. ... Synonym: rectovulvar fistula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectum
<anatomy> The last portion of the large intestine (colon) that communicates with the sigmoid colon above and the anus below. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

rectus abdominis
A long flat muscle that extends along the whole length of both sides of the abdomen. It flexes the vertebral column, particularly the lumbar portion; it also tenses the anterior abdominal wall and assists in compressing the abdominal contents. It is frequently the site of haematomas. In reconstructive surgery it is often used for the creation of my …

rectus abdominis muscle
<anatomy> Muscle of ventral abdominal wall, flanking the linea alba, and characterised by tendinous intersections separating its length into multiple bellies; origin, crest and symphysis of the pubis; insertion, xiphoid process and fifth to seventh costal cartilages; action, flexes lumbar vertebral column, draws thorax downward toward pubis; …

rectus capitis anterior
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, transverse process and lateral mass of atlas; insertion, basilar process of occipital bone; action, turns and inclines head forward; nerve supply, ventral primary ramus of first and second cervical spinal nerve. ... Synonym: musculus rectus capitis anterior, anterior rectus muscle of head, musculus rectus capitis anti …

rectus capitis lateralis
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, transverse process of atlas; insertion, jugular process of occipital bone; action, inclines head to one side; nerve supply, ventral primary ramus of first cervical spinal nerve. ... Synonym: musculus rectus capitis lateralis, lateral rectus muscle of the head. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectus capitis posterior major
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, spinous process of axis; insertion, middle of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone; action, rotates and draws head backward; nerve supply, dorsal branch of first cervical (suboccipital). ... See: suboccipital muscles. ... Synonym: musculus rectus capitis posterior major, greater posterior rectus muscle of head, muscu …

rectus capitis posterior minor
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, from posterior tubercle of atlas; insertion, medial third of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone; action, rotates head and draws it backward; nerve supply, dorsal branch of first cervical (suboccipital). ... See: suboccipital muscles. ... Synonym: musculus rectus capitis posterior minor, musculus rectus capitis post …

rectus femoris
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, anterior inferior spine of ilium and upper margin of acetabulum; insertion, via common tendon of quadriceps femoris into patella, and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity. ... Synonym: musculus rectus femoris, rectus muscle of thigh. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectus muscle of abdomen
Synonym for rectus abdominis muscle ... <anatomy> Muscle of ventral abdominal wall, flanking the linea alba, and characterised by tendinous intersections separating its length into multiple bellies; origin, crest and symphysis of the pubis; insertion, xiphoid process and fifth to seventh costal cartilages; action, flexes lumbar vertebral colum …

rectus muscle of thigh
Synonym for rectus femoris ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, anterior inferior spine of ilium and upper margin of acetabulum; insertion, via common tendon of quadriceps femoris into patella, and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity. ... Synonym: musculus rectus femoris, rectus muscle of thigh. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rectus sheath
Sheath of the rectus abdominis, formed by the aponeuroses of the three anterolateral muscles of the abdominal wall that split to enclose the rectus and fuse medially to form the linea alba; it consists of an anterior lamina and a posterior lamina, the latter being absent below the arcuate line. ... See: aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique musc …

recultivation
General expression used for the making of bare areas (raw mineral soils) fertile again through bioengineering and refertilization. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

recuperate
To recover health and strength. From the latin recuperare meaning to regain, get back, recover. To recuperate is to convalesce. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

recuperation
The recovery of health and strength. ... Origin: L. Recuperatio ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

recur
1. To come back; to return again or repeatedly; to come again to mind. 'When any word has been used to signify an idea, the old idea will recur in the mind when the word is heard.' (I. Watts) ... 2. To occur at a stated interval, or according to some regular rule; as, the fever will recur to-night. ... 3. To resort; to have recourse; to go for help. …

recure
1. To arrive at; to reach; to attain. ... 2. To recover; to regain; to repossess. 'When their powers, impaired through labour long, With due repast, they had recured well.' (Spenser) ... 3. To restore, as from weariness, sickness; or the like; to repair. 'In western waves his weary wagon did recure.' (Spenser) ... 4. To be a cure for; to remedy. 'No m …

recurrence
<oncology> The point when cancer cells from the primary tumour are detected following the primary treatment for the cancer. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

recurrence rate
In genetic counseling, the risk that a future offspring will be affected given some specific set of relatives of whom at least one is already affected. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrence risk
In medical genetics, the recurrence risk is the chance that a genetic (inherited) disease present in the family will recur in that family and affect another person (or persons). It is the chance of lightning striking twice (or thrice, etc.). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

recurrent
Returning after intermissions. ... Origin: L. Recurrens = returning ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

recurrent albuminuria
Synonym for cyclic albuminuria ... A functional albuminuria sometimes observed intermittently in cycles of 12 to 36 hours' duration, chiefly in younger persons; the degree of albuminuria is usually slight. ... Synonym: recurrent albuminuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Synonym for aphtha ... <dermatology> Roundish pearl-coloured specks or flakes in the mouth, on the lips, etc, terminating in white sloughs, better known as thrush and the specks are called aphthae. ... Synonym: thrush, candidiasis. ... Origin: Sing. Of Aphthae. L, fr. Gr. (mostly in pl, Hipp) an eruption, thrush, fr. To set on fire, inflame. ... …

recurrent aphthous ulcers
Synonym for aphtha ... <dermatology> Roundish pearl-coloured specks or flakes in the mouth, on the lips, etc, terminating in white sloughs, better known as thrush and the specks are called aphthae. ... Synonym: thrush, candidiasis. ... Origin: Sing. Of Aphthae. L, fr. Gr. (mostly in pl, Hipp) an eruption, thrush, fr. To set on fire, inflame. ... …

recurrent appendicitis
Repeated episodes of right lower quadrant abdominal pain attributed to recurrence of inflammation of the appendix in an individual who did not have an appendectomy for prior episodes. ... Synonym: relapsing appendicitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent artery
<anatomy, artery> An artery which, upon or soon after originating, reflects or turns sharply to course in the general opposite direction to that of its parent artery. ... Synonym: medial striate artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent artery of Heubner
Synonym for medial striate artery ... <anatomy, artery> Arises at or just distal to the anterior communicating artery; distribution: anterior caudate and putamen and anterior limb of internal capsule. ... Synonym: arteria centralis longa, arteria recurrens, artery of Heubner, long central artery, recurrent artery of Heubner, recurrent artery.
recurrent caries
Caries recurring in an area due to inadequate removal of the initial decay, usually beneath a restoration or new decay at a site where caries has previously occurred. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent central retinitis
An obsolete term for central serous retinopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent corneal erosion
Repeated vesiculation followed by exfoliation of the corneal epithelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent encephalopathy
A progressive form of encephalopathy occurring in young members of the same family; characterised by headache, vertigo, truncal ataxia, drowsiness and stupor, speech impairments, choreic-athetoid movements, and sometimes convulsions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent fever
Synonym for relapsing fever ... An acute infection characterised by recurrent episodes of pyrexia alternating with asymptomatic intervals of apparent recovery. This condition has worldwide distribution and is caused by spirochetes of the genus borrelia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

recurrent herpetic stomatitis
Reactivation of herpes simplex virus infection, characterised by vesicles and ulceration limited to the hard palate and attached gingiva. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent hypopyon
Synonym for Behcet's syndrome ... <syndrome> A multisystem, chronic recurrent disease characterised by ulceration in the mouth and genitalia, iritis, uveitis, arthritis and thrombophlebitis. Often treated with immunosuppressive therapy (corticosteroids, chlorambucil). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

recurrent interosseous artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, posterior interosseous; distribution, elbow joint; anastomoses, branches of profunda brachii and inferior ulnar collateral, i.e., articular vascular network of elbow. ... Synonym: arteria interossea recurrens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

recurrent laryngeal nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A branch of a nerve (the vagus nerve) that comes down the neck and turns back ( recurs ) to supply the larynx (the voice box ). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

recurrent meningeal nerve
<anatomy, nerve> Meningeal branches of 1) mandibular, 2) maxillary, 3) ophthalmic, and 4) spinal nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...