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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

regulus
Origin: L, a petty king, prince, dim. Of rex, regis, a king: cf. F. Regule. See Regal. ... 1. A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence. ... 2. <chemistry> The button, globule, or mass of metal, in a more or less impure state, which forms in the bottom of the crucible in smelting and reduction of ores. ... The name was introduced by t …

regurgitant
Regurgitating; flowing backward. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regurgitant fraction
The amount of blood regurgitated into a cardiac chamber divided by the stroke output; normally, no blood regurgitates; in patients with severe valvular lesions such as mitral or aortic insufficiency, regurgitation can approach 80%; this fraction affords a quantitative measure of the severity of the valvular lesion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regurgitant murmur
A murmur due to leakage or backward flow at one of the valvular orifices of the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regurgitation
<cardiology, gastroenterology> A backward flowing, as the casting up of undigested food or the backward flowing of blood into the heart or between the chambers of the heart when a valve is incompetent. ... Origin: L. Gurgitare = to flood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

regurgitation jaundice
Jaundice due to biliary obstruction, the bile pigment having been conjugated and secreted by the hepatic cells and then reabsorbed into the bloodstream. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rehab
Short for Rehabilitation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rehabilitation
The return of function after illness or injury, often with the assistance of specialised medical professionals. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

rehabilitation centres
Facilities which provide programs for rehabilitating the mentally or physically disabled individuals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rehabilitation nursing
The diagnosis and treatment of human responses of individuals and groups to actual or potential health problems with the characteristics of altered functional ability and altered life-style. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rehabilitation of hearing impaired
Procedures for assisting a person with a hearing disorder to maximum comprehension in communication. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rehabilitation, vocational
Training of the mentally or physically disabled in work skills so they may be returned to regular employment utilizing these skills. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rehearsal
A process associated with enhancing short-term and long-term memory wherein newly presented information, such as a name or a list of words, is repeated to oneself one or more times in order not to forget it. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rehfuss method
Fractional method of gastric activity: a fine tube with fenestrated metal tip is passed into the stomach after a test meal, and small quantities (6 or 8 ml) of the stomach contents are removed at 15-minute intervals and examined. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rehfuss stomach tube
A tube with a calibrated syringe, formerly used for aspiration of stomach contents in gastric analysis; replaced by plastic disposable stomach tube's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rehfuss, Martin
<person> U.S. Physician, 1887-1964. ... See: Rehfuss method, Rehfuss stomach tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rehydrate
To restore water. If a child has severe diarrhoea, loses a lot of water in the stools and so becomes seriously dehydrated, it is imperative to rehydrate that child properly and promptly. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rehydration
The restoration of water or of fluid content to a body or to substance which has become dehydrated. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

rehydration solutions
Fluids restored to the body in order to maintain normal water-electrolyte balance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Reichel-Polya stomach resection
Retrocolic anastomosis of the full circumference of the open stomach to the jejunum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reichel, Friedrich
<person> German gynecologist and surgeon, 1858-1934. ... See: Reichel-Polyastomach resection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reichert-Meissl number
An index of the volatile acid content of a fat; the number of milliliters of 0.1 n KOH required to neutralise the soluble volatile fatty acids in 5 g of fat that has been saponified, acidified to liberate the fatty acids, and then steam-distilled. ... Synonym: volatile fatty acid number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reichert, Karl
<person> German anatomist, 1811-1884. ... See: Reichert's cartilage, Reichert's cochlear recess, Reichert-Meissl number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reichert's cartilage
A cartilage in the mesenchyme of the second branchial arch in the embryo, from which develop the stapes, the styloid processes, the stylohyoid ligaments, and the lesser cornua of the hyoid bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reichert's cochlear recess
Synonym for cochlear recess ... A small depression on the inner wall of the vestibule of the labyrinth at the portion of the pyramid of vestibule, between the two limbs into which the vestibular crest divides posteriorly; it is perforated by foramina giving passage to fibres which the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve sends to the poste …

Reichstein's compound
Synonym for Reichstein's substance ... One of several steroids; e.g., Reichstein's substance F (cortisone), Reichstein's substance H (corticosterone), Reichstein's substance M (cortisol), Reichstein's substance Q (cortexone), and Reichstein's substance S (cortexolone). ... Synonym: Reichstein's compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reichstein's substance
One of several steroids; e.g., Reichstein's substance F (cortisone), Reichstein's substance H (corticosterone), Reichstein's substance M (cortisol), Reichstein's substance Q (cortexone), and Reichstein's substance S (cortexolone). ... Synonym: Reichstein's compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reid, Robert
<person> Scottish anatomist, 1851-1939. ... See: Reid's base line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reid's base line
<anatomy, radiology> A line drawn from the inferior margin of the orbit to the auricular point at the superior border of the orifice of the external auditory meatus and extending backward to the centre of the occipital bone. ... It is used as the zero plane in computed tomography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reifenstein, Edward Jr
<person> U.S. Endocrinologist, 1908-1975. ... See: Reifenstein's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reifenstein's syndrome
<syndrome> Partial androgen sensitivity; a familial form of male pseudohermaphroditism characterised by varying degrees of ambiguous genitalia or hypospadias, postpubertal development of gynaecomastia, and infertility associated with seminiferous tubular sclerosis; cryptorchidism may be present, and Leydig cell hypofunction may lead to impote …

reign
1. To possess or exercise sovereign power or authority; to exercise government, as a king or emperor;; to hold supreme power; to rule. 'We will not have this man to reign over us.' (Luke xix. 14) 'Shall Banquo's issue ever Reign in this kingdom?' (Shak) ... 2. Hence, to be predominant; to prevail. 'Pestilent diseases which commonly reign in summer.' …

Reil, Johann
<person> German physician, neurologist, and histologist, 1759-1813. ... See: Reil's ansa, Reil's band, Reil's ribbon, Reil's triangle, limiting sulcus of Reil, circular sulcus of Reil, island of Reil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reil's ansa
Synonym for ansa peduncularis ... A complex fibre bundle curving around the medial edge of the internal capsule and connecting the anterior part of the temporal lobe (temporal cortex), amygdala, and olfactory cortex with the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus; it enters the thalamus as a component of the inferior thalamic peduncle which also contai …

Reil's band
Synonym for septomarginal trabecula ... One of the trabeculae carneae in the right ventricle of the heart; it carries part of the right branch of the A-V bundle from the septum to the anterior papillary muscle on the opposite wall of the ventricle. ... Synonym: trabecula septomarginalis, moderator band, Reil's band. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reil's ribbon
Synonym for medial lemniscus ... A band of white fibres originating from the gracile and cuneate nuclei and decussating in the lower medulla; thence it passes upward through the centre of the medulla oblongata, close to the median raphe; on entering the pons it spreads out laterally to form a flat band ascending over the dorsal border of the pontine …

Reil's triangle
Synonym for lemniscal trigone ... A triangular area on the lateral surface of the caudal half of the mesencephalon, bordered caudally by the slight prominence of the lateral lemniscus, dorsally by the base of the inferior colliculus and the brachium of the superior colliculus, and ventrally by the crus cerebri. ... Synonym: Reil's triangle, triangle …

reimburse
1. To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what has been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to restore; as, to reimburse the expenses of a war. ... 2. To make restoration or payment of an equivalent to (a person); to pay back to; to indemnify; often reflexive; as, to reimburse one's self by successful speculation. ... O …

reimbursement mechanisms
Processes or methods of reimbursement for services rendered or equipment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reimbursement, incentive
A scheme which provides reimbursement for the health services rendered, generally by an institution, and which provides added financial rewards if certain conditions are met. Such a scheme is intended to promote and reward increased efficiency and cost containment, with better care, or at least without adverse effect on the quality of the care rend …

reimplant
To implant again. ... (27 Oct 1998) ...

reindeer
<zoology> Any ruminant of the genus Rangifer, of the Deer family, found in the colder parts of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, and having long irregularly branched antlers, with the brow tines palmate. ... The common European species (R. Tarandus) is domesticated in Lapland. The woodland reindeer or caribou (R. Caribou) is found in C …

Reinecke salt
An ammonium salt prepared by fusing ammonium thiocyanate with ammonium dichromate; dark red crystals; used in the detection and analysis of primary and secondary amines, including amino acids; also used as a reagent for mercury. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reinfection
A second infection by the same pathogenic agent or a second infection of an organ such as the kidney by a different pathogenic agent. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

reinfection tuberculosis
Synonym for secondary tuberculosis ... Tuberculosis found in adults and characterised by lesions near the apex of an upper lobe, which may cavitate or heal with scarring without spreading to lymph nodes; theoretically, secondary tuberculosis may be due to exogenous reinfection or to reactivation of a dormant endogenous infection. ... Synonym: adult t …

reinforced anchorage
Synonym for multiple anchorage ... Anchorage in which more than one type of resistance unit is utilised. ... Synonym: reinforced anchorage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reinforcement
1. <neurology> An increase of force or strength; denoting specifically the increased sharpness of the patellar reflex when the patient at the same time closes the fist tightly or pulls against the flexed fingers or contracts some other set of muscles. ... See: Jendrassik's manoeuvre. ... 2. <dentistry> A structural addition or inclusion u …

reinforcement schedule
<psychology> A schedule prescribing when the subject is to be reinforced or rewarded in terms of temporal interval in psychological experiments. The schedule may be continuous or intermittent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reinforcement, verbal
Use of word stimulus to strengthen a response during learning. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reinforcer
In conditioning, a pleasant or satisfaction-yielding (positive reinforcer) or painful or unsatisfying (negative reinforcer), stimulus, object, or stimulus event that is obtained upon the performance of a desired or predetermined operant. ... See: reinforcement. ... Synonym: reward. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reinjection
The feeding of unburned char and fly ash obtained from mechanical collectors into the furnace for further combustion. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

Reinke crystalloids
Rod-shaped crystal-like structures with pointed or rounded ends present in the interstitial cells of the testis (Leydig cells) and ovary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reinke, Friedrich
<person> German anatomist, 1862-1919. ... See: Reinke crystalloids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reinke's space
The loose connective tissue in the superficial layer of the lamina propria of the vocal fold. Oedema of this space produces hoarseness in chronic smokers or in hypothyroidism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reinnervation
Restoration of nerve control of a paralysed muscle or other effector organ by means of regrowth of nerve fibres, either spontaneously or after anastomosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reinoculation
Reinfection by means of inoculation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reins
1. The kidneys; also, the region of the kidneys; the loins. ... 2. The inward impulses; the affections and passions; so called because formerly supposed to have their seat in the part of the body where the kidneys are. 'My reins rejoice, when thy lips speak right things.' (Prov. Xxiii. 16) 'I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts.' (Rev. Ii. 23 …

Reinsch, Adolf
<person> German physician, 1862-1916. ... See: Reinsch's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reinsch's test
A test for arsenic in which a strip of copper is placed in the suspected fluid, which is then acidulated with hydrochloric acid and boiled; if arsenic is present a gray deposit occurs on the copper, and this deposit on heating is sublimated and deposited as a crystalline layer on a piece of glass held above the copper strip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reintegration
In the mental health professions, the return to well adjusted functioning following disturbances due to mental illness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reinversion
The correction, spontaneous or operative, of an inversion, as of the uterus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reisseisen, Franz
<person> German anatomist, 1773-1828. ... See: Reisseisen's muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reisseisen's muscles
Microscopic smooth muscle fibres in the smallest bronchial tubes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reissner, Ernst
<person> German anatomist, 1824-1878. ... See: Reissner's fibre, Reissner's membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reissner's fibre
A rodlike, highly refractive fibre running caudally from the subcommissural organ throughout the length of the central canal of the brainstem and spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reitan, Ralph
<person> U.S. Psychologist, *1922. ... See: Halstead-Reitan battery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reiter syndrome
<radiology> Males, associated with GC ??, polyarthritis, feet (Launois deformity ??), SI joints, knees / ankles (joint effusions), urethritis, uveitis / conjunctivitis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Reiter test
A complement-fixation test for syphilis using as antigen material prepared from the Reiter strain of Treponema pallidum; the test has been largely replaced in laboratory medicine by the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Reiter, Hans
<person> German bacteriologist, 1881-1969. ... See: Reiter test, Reiter's disease, Reiter's syndrome, Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reiter's disease
A triad of nongonococcal urethritis followed by conjunctivitis and arthritis, of unknown aetiology. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Reiter's syndrome
<syndrome> The combination of arthritis, conjunctivitis and urethritis (occasionally diarrhoea). Occurs mainly in young men. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

rejection
1. <immunology, surgery> Usually used of grafts. Any process leading to the destruction or detachment of a graft or other specified structure. ... 2. <psychology> Non-acceptance, negative attitudes, hostility or excessive criticism of the individual which may precipitate feelings of rejection. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rejoicing
1. Joy; gladness; delight. 'We should particularly express our rejoicing by love and charity to our neighbors.' (R. Nelson) ... 2. The expression of joy or gladness. 'The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of the righteous.' (Ps. Cxviii. 15) ... 3. That which causes to rejoice; occasion of joy. 'Thy testimonies have I taken as an …

Rel
<oncogene> Protein that acts as a transcription factor. It was first identified as the oncogene product of the lethal, avian retrovirus Rev T. It has a N terminal region of 300 amino acids that is similar to the N terminal regions of NF_B sub units. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

relapse
The return of symptoms and signs of a disease after a period of improvement. ... (12 May 1997) ...

relapsing
Marked by a relapse; falling back; tending to return to a former worse state. ... <medicine> Relapsing fever, an acute, epidemic, contagious fever, which prevails also endemically in Ireland, Russia, and some other regions. It is marked by one or two remissions of the fever, by articular and muscular pains, and by the presence, during the paro …

relapsing appendicitis
Synonym for recurrent appendicitis ... Repeated episodes of right lower quadrant abdominal pain attributed to recurrence of inflammation of the appendix in an individual who did not have an appendectomy for prior episodes. ... Synonym: relapsing appendicitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relapsing fever
An acute infection characterised by recurrent episodes of pyrexia alternating with asymptomatic intervals of apparent recovery. This condition has worldwide distribution and is caused by spirochetes of the genus borrelia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

relapsing malaria
Renewal of clinical activity at some interval after the primary attack. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relapsing perichondritis
Synonym for relapsing polychondritis ... A degenerative disease of cartilage producing a bizarre form of arthritis, with collapse of the ears, the cartilaginous portion of the nose, and the tracheobronchial tree; death may occur from chronic infection or suffocation because of loss of stability in the tracheobronchial tree of autosomal origin. ... Sy …

relapsing polychondritis
A degenerative disease of cartilage producing a bizarre form of arthritis, with collapse of the ears, the cartilaginous portion of the nose, and the tracheobronchial tree; death may occur from chronic infection or suffocation because of loss of stability in the tracheobronchial tree of autosomal origin. ... Synonym: chronic atrophic polychondritis, …

relate
1. To bring back; to restore. ' Abate your zealous haste, till morrow next again Both light of heaven and strength of men relate.' (Spenser) ... 2. To refer; to ascribe, as to a source. ... 3. To recount; to narrate; to tell over. 'This heavy act with heavy heart relate.' (Shak) ... 4. To ally by connection or kindred. To relate one's self, to vent th …

relation
1. The act of relating or telling; also, that which is related; recital; account; narration; narrative; as, the relation of historical events. 'oet's relation doth well figure them.' (Bacon) ... 2. The state of being related or of referring; what is apprehended as appertaining to a being or quality, by considering it in its bearing upon something el …

relational threshold
The smallest degree of difference between two stimuli that permits them to be perceived as different. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relationship
The state of being related, associated, or connected. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relative
One who, or that which, relates to, or is considered in its relation to, something else; a relative object or term; one of two object or term; one of two objects directly connected by any relation. Specifically: ... A person connected by blood or affinity; strictly, one allied by blood; a relation; a kinsman or kinswoman. 'Confining our care . . . T …

relative accommodation
Quantity of accommodation required for single binocular vision for any specified distance, or for any particular degree of convergence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relative afferent pupillary defect
An asymmetry of the pupillomotor input between the two eyes; tested by alternating the light from one eye to the other and comparing the direct light reactions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relative aperture
<microscopy> The ratio of the focal length of a lens to the diameter of its entrance pupil. This gives a number known as the f-number, usually written f:8, f:16, etc. Thus, if the focal length is divided by the number 8, 16, etc., the result will be the diameter of the entrance pupil of the lens, or if the diaphragm of the lens is wide open i …

relative basal area
An estimate of basal area for trees, such as produced by the Bitterlich sampling technique. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

relative biological effectiveness
The ratio of radiation dosages required to produce identical change based on a formula comparing other types of radiation with that of gamma or roentgen rays. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

relative dehydration
Water deficit relative to content of solutes contributing effective osmotic pressure; a state of increased effective osmotic pressure of body fluids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relative immunity
A modified, not completely effective resistance that results when there is a sort of 'fluctuating equilibrium' between the defense mechanisms of the host and the infective agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relative incompetence
Imperfect closure of a cardiac valve, in consequence of excessive dilation of the corresponding cavity of the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relative leukocytosis
An increased proportion of one or more types of leukocytes in the circulating blood, without an actual increase in the total number of white blood cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relative molecular mass
Synonym for molecular weight ... The sum of the atomic weight's of all the atoms constituting a molecule; the mass of a molecule relative to the mass of a standard atom, now 12C (taken as 12.000). Relative molecular mass (Mr) is the mass relative to the dalton and has no units. ... See: atomic weight. ... Synonym: molecular mass, molecular weight rati …

relative polycythemia
A relative increase in the number of red blood cells as a result of loss of the fluid portion of the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relative refractory period
The period between the effective refractory period and the end of the refractory period; fibres then respond only to high intensity stimuli and the impulses conduct more slowly than normally. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

relative risk
<epidemiology> The proportion of diseased people amongst those exposed to the relevant risk factor divided by the proportion of diseased people amongst those not exposed to the risk factor. This should be used in those cohort studies where those with and without disease are followed to observe which individuals become diseased. ... (05 Dec 199 …

relative scotoma
A scotoma in which there is visual depression but not complete loss of light perception. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...