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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

respite care
Patient care provided in the home or institution intermittently in order to provide temporary relief to the family home care giver. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

respond
To say something in return, make an answer, to show some reaction to a force or stimulus, to render satisfaction. ... Origin: L. Respondere = to answer, reply ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

respondent behaviour
The behaviour in response to a specific stimulus; usually associated with classical conditioning. ... See: conditioning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

respondent conditioning
A type of conditioning, first studied by I. P. Pavlov, in which a previously neutral stimulus (bell sound) elicits a response (salivation) as a result of pairing it (associating it contiguously in time) a number of times with an unconditioned or natural stimulus for that response (food shown to a hungry dog). ... Synonym: pavlovian conditioning. ... …

response
An action or movement due to the application of a stimulus. ... Origin: L. Respondere = to answer, reply ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

response generalisation
<biology> The principle that after an organism learns to respond in a particular manner to a stimulus, that stimulus is effective in eliciting similar responses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

response hierarchy
Alternative reactions or modes of adjustment to a given situation arranged in the probable order of prior effectiveness; e.g., a mother attempting to discipline an unruly child may first request, cajole, then plead, scold, and finally punish; her behaviours can be ordered along a response hierarchy for further monitoring of effectiveness. ... (05 Ma …

response rate
<oncology> The percentage of patients showing partial or complete response to the given treatment. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

responsivity
<microscopy> Similar to sensitivity, a rating of the output current from a camera tube divided by the incident flux of light, but expressed in different units. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

rest
1. To cease from action or motion, especially from action which has caused weariness; to desist from labour or exertion. 'God . . . Rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.' (Gen. Ii. 2) 'Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest.' (Ex. Xxiii. 12) ... 2. To be free from whanever wearies or disturbs …

rest area
The portion of a tooth structure or of a restoration in a tooth that is prepared to receive the positive seating of the metallic occlusal, incisal, lingual, or cingulum rest of a removable prosthesis. ... Synonym: rest seat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rest bite
A misnomer for physiologic rest position of the mandible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rest body
A small mass of cytoplasm remaining after the nucleus and cytoplasm of the schizont of certain sporozoan protozoa have divided into asexual spores or merozoites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rest jaw relation
Synonym for rest relation ... The postural relation of the mandible to the maxillae when the patient is resting comfortably in the upright position and the condyles are in a neutral unstrained position in the glenoid fossa. ... Synonym: rest jaw relation, unstrained jaw relation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rest nitrogen
Synonym for nonprotein nitrogen ... The nitrogen content of other than protein bodies; e.g., about one-half the nonprotein nitrogen in the blood is contained in urea. ... Synonym: rest nitrogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rest pain
Pain occurring usually in the extremities during rest in the sitting or lying position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rest position
Synonym for physiologic rest position ... The usual position of the mandible when the patient is resting comfortably in the upright position and the condyles are in a neutral unstrained position in the glenoid fossae. ... See: rest relation. ... Synonym: postural position, postural resting position, rest position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rest relation
The postural relation of the mandible to the maxillae when the patient is resting comfortably in the upright position and the condyles are in a neutral unstrained position in the glenoid fossa. ... Synonym: rest jaw relation, unstrained jaw relation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rest seat
Synonym for rest area ... The portion of a tooth structure or of a restoration in a tooth that is prepared to receive the positive seating of the metallic occlusal, incisal, lingual, or cingulum rest of a removable prosthesis. ... Synonym: rest seat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rest vertical dimension
The vertical dimension of the face with the jaws in rest relation; decrease in rest vertical dimension may or may not accompany a decrease in occlusal vertical dimension; it may occur without a decrease in occlusal vertical dimension in patients with a preponderant activity of the jaw-closing musculature, as in patients with muscular hypertenseness …

rest's of Serres
Remnants of dental lamina epithelium entrapped within the gingiva. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restenosis
Recurrence of stenosis after corrective surgery on the heart valve; narrowing of a structure (usually a coronary artery) following the removal or reduction of a previous narrowing. ... Origin: re-, + G. Stenosis, a narrowing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restiform body
A lateral (larger) subdivision of the inferior cerebellar peduncle composed of a variety of fibres including, but not limited to, olivo-, reticulo-, cuneo-, trigemino-, and dorsal spinocerebellar. ... See: inferior cerebellar peduncle. ... Synonym: corpus restiforme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restiform eminence
A prominence of the dorsolateral surface of the medulla oblongata corresponding to the larger lateral part of the inferior cerebellar peduncle. ... Synonym: eminentia restiformis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

resting cell
A quiescent cell; one not undergoing mitosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

resting length
The length at rest from which a muscle develops maximum isometric tension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

resting phase
More appropriately called interphase. The interval in the cell cycle between two cell divisions when the individual chromosomes cannot be distinguished, interphase was once thought to be the resting phase but it is far from a time of rest for the cell. It is the time when DNA is replicated in the cell nucleus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

resting potential
<physiology> The electrical potential of the inside of a cell, relative to its surroundings. Almost all animal cells are negative inside, resting potentials are in the range 20 to 100mV, 70mV typical. ... Resting potentials reflect the action of the sodium pump only indirectly, they are mainly caused by the subsequent diffusion of potassium ou …

resting saliva
The saliva found in the mouth in the intervals of food taking and mastication. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

resting stage
The quiescent stage of a cell or its nucleus in which no karyokinetic changes are taking place. ... Synonym: vegetative stage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

resting tidal volume
The tidal volume under normal conditions, i.e., in the absence of exercise or other conditions that stimulate breathing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

resting tremor
A coarse, rhythmic tremor, 3-5 Hz frequency, usually confined to hands and forearms, that appears when the limbs are relaxed, and disappears with active limb movements; characteristic of Parkinson disease. ... Synonym: passive tremor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

resting wandering cell
Synonym for fixed macrophage ... A relatively immotile macrophage found in connective tissue, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. ... Synonym: resting wandering cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restitope
The part of the T-cell receptor that associates with the class II major histocompatibility molecule. ... Origin: restriction + -tope ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restitution
1. The act of restoring anything to its rightful owner, or of making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage, or injury; indemnification. 'A restitution of ancient rights unto the crown.' (Spenser) 'He restitution to the value makes.' (Sandys) ... 2. That which is offered or given in return for what has been lost, injured, or destroved …

restless
1. Never resting; unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; as, a restless child. 'Restless revolution day by day.' ... 2. Not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; averse to repose or quiet; eager for change; discontented; as, restless schemers; restless ambition; restless subjects. 'Restless at home, and ever prone to range.' ... 3. Deprived of rest or s …

restless legs
Legs characterised by or showing inability to remain at rest. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

restless legs syndrome
<syndrome> A sense of indescribable uneasiness, twitching, or restlessness that occurs in the legs after going to bed, frequently leading to insomnia, which may be relieved temporarily by walking about; thought to be caused by inadequate circulation or as a side effect of antipsychotic medication. ... See: akathisia. ... Synonym: Ekbom syndrome …

restoration
Measures undertaken to return a degraded ecosystem's functions and values, including its hydrology, plant and animal communities, and/or portions thereof, to a less degraded ecological condition. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

restoration measure
<ecology> A restoration measure consists of one or more features or activities, at a geographic site, that is intended to cause a desirable change in an ecological resource and results in a positive environmental output. ... Many restoration measures are combinations of several features and activities. ... (10 Mar 1998) ...

restorative
<alchemy> Something which serves to restore; especially, a restorative medicine. ... (10 Mar 1998) ...

restorative dental materials
Material's used to replace oral tissues in dentistry; e.g., amalgam, gold alloys, cements, porcelain, plastics, and denture material's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restorative dentistry
Synonym for operative dentistry ... Usually, the individual restoration of teeth by means of metallic or nonmetallic materials. ... Synonym: restorative dentistry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restore
To renew, rebuild, or reconstruct to a former state. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

restored cycle
An atrial or ventricular cardiac cycle that follows the returning cycle and resumes the normal rhythm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restrain
1. To draw back again; to hold back from acting, proceeding, or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by any interposing obstacle; to repress or suppress; to keep down; to curb. 'Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature Gives way to in repose!' (Shak) ... 2. To draw back toghtly, as a rein. ... 3. To hinder from unlimited enjoiment; …

restrained beam
In dentistry, a beam that has two or more supports, at least one of which permits some freedom of rotation to the point of support but not as much as if the support were a free support. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restraint
1. The act or process of restraining, or of holding back or hindering from motion or action, in any manner; hindrance of the will, or of any action, physical or mental. 'No man was altogether above the restrains of law, and no man altogether below its protection.' (Macaulay) ... 2. The state of being restrained. ... 3. That which restrains, as a law, …

restraint, physical
Use of a device for the purpose of preventing the individual from moving all or part of the body. The concept excludes splints and casts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

restriction
1. The process with which foreign DNA that has been introduced into a prokaryotic cell becomes ineffective. ... 2. A limitation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restriction endonuclease
<enzyme, molecular biology> Class of bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites. In bacteria their function is to destroy foreign DNA, such as that of bacteriophages (host DNA is specifically modified at these sites). ... Type I restriction endonucleases occur as a complex with the methylase and a polypeptide that binds to the recognitio …

restriction enzyme
Synonym for restriction endonuclease ... <enzyme, molecular biology> Class of bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites. In bacteria their function is to destroy foreign DNA, such as that of bacteriophages (host DNA is specifically modified at these sites). ... Type I restriction endonucleases occur as a complex with the methylase and a …

restriction enzyme cutting site
<molecular biology> A specific nucleotide sequence of DNA at which a particular restriction enzyme cuts the DNA. ... Some sites occur frequently in DNA (for example, every several hundred basepairs), others much less frequently (rare-cutter, for example, every 10,000 base pairs). ... (10 Mar 1998) ...

restriction enzyme, endonuclease
A protein that recognises specific, short nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA at those sites. Bacteria contain over 400 such enzymes that recognise and cut over 100 different DNA sequences. See restriction enzyme cutting site. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restriction fragment
<molecular biology> The fragments of DNA generated by digesting DNA with a specific restriction endonuclease. Each of the fragments ends in a site recognised by that specific enzyme. ... (10 Mar 1998) ...

restriction length polymorphism
Fragment length polymorphism, the existence of allelic forms recognizable by the length of fragments that result when the nucleotide chain is treated by a specific restriction enzyme that cleaves wherever a particular sequence of nucleotides occurs. A mutation in this sequence changes cleaving and hence the number of fragments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restriction map
<molecular biology> Map of DNA showing the position of sites recognised and cut by various restriction endonucleases. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

restriction mapping
Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes or genes. The nucleotide sequence determined is often then translated into an amino acid sequence, providing a means for sequencing the protein for which the gene codes, or for which the mRNA is a messenger. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

restriction methylation
The enzymatic addition of methyl groups to selected adenine and cytosine residues to protect from hydrolysis by certain restriction enzymes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restriction nuclease
Synonym for restriction endonuclease ... <enzyme, molecular biology> Class of bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites. In bacteria their function is to destroy foreign DNA, such as that of bacteriophages (host DNA is specifically modified at these sites). ... Type I restriction endonucleases occur as a complex with the methylase and a …

restriction site
A sequence in DNA that can be recognised and cut by a specific restriction enzyme. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

restriction-site polymorphism
DNA polymorphism in which the sequence of one form of the polymorphism contains a recognition site for a particular endonuclease, but the sequence of the other form lacks such a site. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

restrictive cardiomyopathy
<cardiology, pathology> A group of disorders which affect the heart muscle resulting in the ineffective pumping of blood. ... Examples include amyloidosis, Loeffler's syndrome, sarcoidosis, haemochromatosis, scleroderma and carcinoid syndrome. Complications include arrhythmias and progressive heart failure. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... ( …

restrictive temperature
Synonym for permissive temperature ... <molecular biology> Of a temperature sensitive mutation, a temperature at which the mutated gene product behaves normally and so the cell or organism survives as if wild type. C.f. The restrictive temperature, at which the gene product takes on a mutant phenotype. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

restructured cell
The viable cell produced by fusion of a karyoplast with a cytoplast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

result
1. A flying back; resilience. 'Sound is produced between the string and the air by the return or the result of the string.' (Bacon) ... 2. That which results; the conclusion or end to which any course or condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or operation; consequence or effect; as, the result of a course of action; the resul …

resultant
1. Resulting or issuing from a combination; existing or following as a result or consequence. ... 2. <physics> Resultant force or motion, a force which is the result of two or more forces acting conjointly, or a motion which is the result of two or more motions combined. ... 3. <mathematics> An eliminant. 'The resultant of homogeneous gen …

resupinate
<botany> Twisted through 180 degrees, for example as with the ovary of most orchids. ... (10 Mar 1998) ...

resurrection
1. A rising again; the resumption of vigor. ... 2. Especially, the rising again from the dead; the resumption of life by the dead; as, the resurrection of Jesus Christ; the general resurrection of all the dead at the Day of Judgment. 'Nor after resurrection shall he stay Longer on earth.' (Milton) ... 3. State of being risen from the dead; future sta …

resuscitation
<procedure> The restoration to life or consciousness of one apparently dead, it includes such measures as artificial respiration and cardiac massage. ... Origin: L. Resuscitare = to revive ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

resuscitation orders
Instructions issued by a physician pertaining to the institution, continuation, or withdrawal of life support measures. The concept includes policies, laws, statutes, decisions, guidelines, and discussions that may affect the issuance of such orders. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

resuscitator
An obsolete term for an apparatus that forces gas (usually O2) into lungs to produce artificial ventilation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

resveratrol synthase
<enzyme> Catalyses the formation of resveratrol from coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ret
<oncogene> A human oncogene, encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

retained menstruation
Synonym for haematocolpos ... An accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

retained placenta
Incomplete separation of the placenta and its failure to be expelled at the usual time after delivery of the child. ... Synonym: incarcerated placenta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

retainer
<dentistry> A gadget that the orthodontist gives you to wear after the orthodntist removes your braces. The retainer attaches to your upper teeth and holds them in the correct position. You wear the retainer at night to make sure that none of your teeth move while your jaw hardens and your teeth get strongly attached to your jaw. ... (08 Jan 1 …

retard
<pharmacology> Characterised by retarded action, said of a drug when it is supposed to exercise its maximum effect later in the cycle. ... (10 Mar 1998) ...

retardate
A mildly pejorative term, which is decreasing in usage, for a person who has mental retardation. ... Origin: L. Retardo, to delay, hinder ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

retardation
Delay, hindrance, delayed development. ... Origin: L. Retardare = to slow down, impede ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

retardation plate
<optics> A plate placed in the path of a beam of polarized light for the purpose of introducing a difference in phase. ... Usually a quarter-wave plate and a first-order red plate are furnished with a polarizing microscope. ... See: quartz wedge, compensator. ... (10 Mar 1998) ...

retarded dentition
Dentition in which growth phenomena such as calcification, elongation, and eruption occur later than in the average range of normal variation as a result of some systemic metabolic dysfunction (e.g., hypothyroidism). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

retarder
An agent used to slow the chemical hardening of gypsum, resins, or impression materials used in dentistry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

retch
To make an involuntary effort to vomit. ... Origin: A.S. Hraecan, to hawk ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

retching
Gastric and oesophageal movements of vomiting without expulsion of vomitus. ... Synonym: dry vomiting, vomiturition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete acromiale
Synonym for acromial arterial network ... A vascular network between the acromion and the skin of the shoulder, formed by anastomoses of the acromial branch of the suprascapular artery with the acromial branch of the thoracoacromial artery. ... Synonym: rete acromiale, acromial plexus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete arteriosum
Synonym for arteriolar network ... A vascular network formed by anastomoses between minute arteries just before they become capillaries. ... Synonym: rete arteriosum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete articulare cubiti
Synonym for articular vascular network of elbow ... Vascular networks in the region of the elbow, composed of anastomoses between branches of the radial and middle collateral, superior and inferior ulnar collateral, radial recurrent, interosseous recurrent, and recurrent ulnar arteries. ... Synonym: rete articulare cubiti. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete articulare genus
Synonym for articular vascular network of knee ... An arterial network over the front and sides of the knee, formed by branches of the descending genicular artery, of the five genicular arteries from the popliteal, of the anterior tibial recurrent, and of the fibular circumflex branch of the posterior tibial. ... Synonym: rete articulare genus. ... (0 …

rete calcaneum
Synonym for calcaneal arterial network ... A superficial network over the calcaneus, formed by branches of the peroneal and posterior tibial arteries and twigs from the malleolar retia. ... Synonym: rete calcaneum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete canalis hypoglossi
Synonym for venous plexus of hypoglossal canal ... A small venous network around the hypoglossal nerve, connecting with the occipital sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, and internal jugular vein. ... Synonym: plexus venosus canalis hypoglossi, circellus venosus hypoglossi, rete canalis hypoglossi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete carpi dorsale
Synonym for dorsal carpal network ... A vascular network over the dorsal surface of the carpal joints, formed by anastomoses of branches of the anterior and posterior interosseous, and dorsal carpal branches of the radial and ulnar arteries. ... Synonym: rete carpi dorsale, rete carpi posterius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete carpi posterius
Synonym for dorsal carpal network ... A vascular network over the dorsal surface of the carpal joints, formed by anastomoses of branches of the anterior and posterior interosseous, and dorsal carpal branches of the radial and ulnar arteries. ... Synonym: rete carpi dorsale, rete carpi posterius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete cords
Primordial cell cord's (medullary cords and sex cords) in the embryonic gonads that connect with some of the mesonephric tubules and from which the rete testis of the male and the rete ovarii of the female develop. ... Synonym: medullary cords. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete cutaneum corii
The network of vessels parallel to the surface between the corium and the tela subcutanea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete cyst of ovary
A cyst derived from the germinal cords in the hilum of the ovary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete foraminis ovalis
Synonym for venous plexus of foramen ovale ... A venous network around the mandibular nerve connecting the cavernous sinus and the pterygoid plexus. ... Synonym: plexus venosus foraminis ovalis, rete foraminis ovalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete malleolare laterale
Synonym for lateral malleolar network ... A network over the lateral malleolus formed by branches of the posterior lateral malleolar, anterior lateral malleolar, peroneal, and lateral tarsal arteries. ... Synonym: rete malleolare laterale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete malleolare mediale
Synonym for medial malleolar network ... A network over the medial malleolus formed by branches from the anterior and posterior medial malleolar and medial tarsal arteries. ... Synonym: rete malleolare mediale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rete mirabile
A vascular network interrupting the continuity of an artery or vein, such as occurs in the glomeruli of the kidney (arterial) or in the liver (venous). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...