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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

renal calculus
A calculus occurring within the kidney collecting system. ... Synonym: nephrolith. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal cancer
<radiology> About 8300 adults die each year from kidney cancer. An estimated 18100 new cases are diagnosed each year, comprising 2% of all cancers. The average age at diagnosis is 55-60 years., adenocarcinoma (hypernephroma), 80% of renal carcinoma, 66% male, associated with smoking, transitional cell or squamous carcinoma, 15% of renal carci …

renal capsule
The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

renal carcinosarcoma
<tumour> Obsolete term for Wilms' tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal cast
Any type of cast formed in a renal tubule, and found in the urine consisting of various materials, e.g., albumin, cells, blood. ... Synonym: tube cast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal cell cancer
Cancer that develops in the lining of the renal tubules, which filter the blood and produce urine. Also called renal cell carcinoma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

renal cell carcinoma
<oncology, tumour> The most common form of kidney cancer which occurs when the cells lining the renal tubule undergo cancerous changes. There are approximately 18,000 new cases of renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) per year in the U.S. With about 8,000 deaths annually. ... Smoking is considered a major risk factor. Kidney dialysis patients a …

renal circulation
The circulation of the blood through the vessels of the kidney. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

renal colic
Severe colicky pain caused by the impaction or passage of a calculus in the ureter or renal pelvis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal collar
In the embryo, a ring of veins around the aorta below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal columns
The prolongations of cortical substance separating the pyramids of the kidney. ... Synonym: columnae renales, Bertin's columns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal corpuscle
The tuft of glomerular capillaries and the capsula glomeruli that encloses it. ... Synonym: corpusculum renis, malpighian corpuscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal cortex
The part of the kidney consisting of renal lobules in the outer zone beneath the capsule and also the lobules of the renal columns that are extensions inward between the pyramids; contains the renal corpuscles and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. ... Synonym: cortex renis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal cortical adenoma
<tumour> One of the usually small adenoma's sometimes found in the renal cortex and derived from renal tubular tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal cortical lobule
Synonym for cortical lobules of kidney ... One of the subdivisions of the kidney, consisting of a medullary ray and that portion of the convoluted port (renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules) associated with its collecting duct. ... Synonym: lobulus corticalis renalis, renal cortical lobule, renculus, reniculus, renunculus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal diabetes
Synonym for renal glycosuria ... The recurring or persistent excretion of glucose in the urine, in association with blood glucose levels that are in the normal range; results from the failure of proximal renal tubules to reabsorb glucose at a normal rate from the glomerular filtrate (low renal threshold); defect in the glucose carrier in the nephron …

renal epistaxis
Haematuria occurring without a detectable lesion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal failure
Chronic renal failure represents a slow decline in kidney function over time. Chronic renal failure may be caused by a number of disorders which include long-standing hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, lupus or sickle cell anaemia. If renal function declines to a low enough level (end-stage renal disease) kidney dialysis may be neces …

renal fascia
The condensation of the fibroareolar tissue and fat surrounding the kidney to form a sheath for the organ. ... Synonym: fascia renalis, Gerota's capsule, Gerota's fascia, perirenal fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal fibrocystic osteosis
renal rickets ...

renal ganglia
Small scattered sympathetic ganglia along the renal plexus. ... Synonym: ganglia renalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal glycosuria
The recurring or persistent excretion of glucose in the urine, in association with blood glucose levels that are in the normal range; results from the failure of proximal renal tubules to reabsorb glucose at a normal rate from the glomerular filtrate (low renal threshold); defect in the glucose carrier in the nephron. ... Synonym: diabetes innocens, …

renal haematuria
Haematuria resulting from extravasation of blood into the glomerular spaces, or tubules, or pelves of the kidneys. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal haemorrhage
Gross haematuria, the source of which is in the kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal hypertension
Hypertension secondary to renal disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal hypoplasia
An abnormally small kidney that is morphologically normal but has either a reduced number of nephrons or smaller nephrons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal impression
A hollow on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver, in which lies the right kidney. ... Synonym: impressio renalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal infantilism
renal rickets ...

renal insufficiency
Defective function of the kidneys, with accumulation of waste products (particularly nitrogenous) in the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal labyrinth
Synonym for convoluted part of kidney lobule ... Proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the associated renal corpuscles supplied by branches of the interlobular arteries. ... Synonym: labyrinthus, pars convoluta lobuli corticalis renis, labyrinth, Ludwig's labyrinth, renal labyrinth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal lobe
One of the subdivisions of the kidney, consisting of a renal pyramid and the cortical tissue associated with it. ... Synonym: lobus renalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal masses in children
<radiology> Hydronephrosis, obstructed duplication, multicystic dysplastic kidney, 2nd most frequent abdominal mass in the neonate, ureteropelvic atresia during metanephric intrauterine phase, 40% contralateral involvement, mesoblastic nephroma, most common newborn solid renal tumour, Wilms tumour, multiloculated cystic nephroma, multiple non …

renal medulla
The centre portion of the kidney. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

renal nanism
Infantile renal osteodystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal osteitis fibrosa
renal rickets ...

renal osteodystrophy
Generalised changes in the bone which resemble osteomalacia and rickets, occurring in those with chronic renal failure. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

renal papilla
<anatomy> The apex of a renal pyramid that projects into a minor calyx; some 10 to 25 openings of papillary ducts occur on its tip, forming the area cribrosa. ... Synonym: papilla renalis. ... (07 Mar 2000) ...

renal papillary necrosis
<nephrology> Necrosis of renal papillae, occurring in acute pyelonephritis, especially in diabetics, or in analgesic nephropathy; renal failure may result. ... Synonym: necrotizing papillitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal pelvis
<anatomy> The area at the centre of the kidney. Urine collects here and is funneled into the ureter. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

renal plasma flow
<physiology> The amount of plasma that perfuses the kidneys per unit time, approximately 10% greater than effective renal plasma flow. ... It should be differentiated from the renal blood flow which refers to the total volume of blood flowing through the renal vasculature, while the renal plasma flow refers to the rate of plasma flow. ... (12 D …

renal plexus
The autonomic plexus surrounding the renal artery and extending with it into the substance of the kidney. ... Synonym: plexus renalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal portal system
An arterial portal system, in which efferent glomerular arterioles receive blood from the capillaries of the renal glomeruli and carry it to the peritubular capillary plexus surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. ... Synonym: hypothalamohypophysial portal system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal pyramid
One of a number of pyramidal masses seen on longitudinal section of the kidney; collectively, they constitute the renal medulla, and contain part of the secreting tubules and the collecting tubules. ... Synonym: pyramis renalis, malpighian pyramid, medullary pyramid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal reflex
Anuria caused by injury to a remote part of the body or by disease or injury to one kidney or ureter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal replacement therapy
Procedures which temporarily or permanently remedy insufficient cleansing of body fluids by the kidneys. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

renal retinopathy
Hypertensive retinopathy associated with chronic glomerulonephritis or nephrosclerosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal segments
Regions of the kidney supplied by end arteries branching from the renal arteries; they are named anterior inferior segmentum, anterius superior segmentum, inferior segmentum, posterior segmentum, and superior segmentum. ... Synonym: segmenta renalia, arterial segments of kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal sinus
The cavity of the kidney, containing the calyces and pelvis of the ureter and the segmental vesels embedded within a fatty matrix. The renal sinuses cause the kidneys to appear hollow or C-shaped on cross section or medical imaging. ... Synonym: sinus renalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal surface of spleen
The surface of the spleen in contact with the left kidney. ... Synonym: facies renalis lienis, facies renalis splenis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal surface of suprarenal gland
Surface of suprarenal gland in contact with the kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal tb
<radiology> Putty kidney: caseous necrosis with calcium deposition, Cf: medullary nephrocalcinosis, renal calcification, haematogenous origin, clinically unilateral in 75%, findings: papillary necrosis, infundibular stenosis, autonephrectomy, CXR abnormal in 50% ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

renal threshold
Concentration of plasma substance above which the substance appears in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal transplantation
Transplantation of a kidney from a compatible donor to restore kidney function in a recipient suffering from renal failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal tubular acidosis
<nephrology> A rare sometimes familial disorder of the renal tubule characterised by the inability to excrete urine of normal acidity. ... This leads to a hyperchloraemic acidosis which is often associated with one or more secondary complications such as hypercalcinuria with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, rickets, or osteomalacia and se …

renal tubule
<anatomy> Small structures in the kidney that filter the blood and produce the urine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

renal vein
<anatomy, vein> The short thick veins which return blood from the kidneys to the vena cava. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

renal veins
Large veins formed at the renal hilus by the merger of the segmental veins anterior to the corresponding arteries; they open at right angles into the inferior vena cava at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. The left renal vein receives the left suprarenal vein and the left gonadal vein, and passes through the angle between the abdominal aorta …

renal-splanchnic steal
Diversion of blood from the right renal artery via the inferior adrenal branch into splanchnic collaterals distal to a stenosis of the coeliac axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renal-splenic venous shunt
Synonym for splenorenal shunt ... Anastomosis of the splenic vein to the left renal vein, usually end-to-side, for control of portal hypertension. ... Synonym: renal-splenic venous shunt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renaturation
<molecular biology> The conversion of denatured protein or DNA to its native configuration. ... This is rare for proteins. However, if DNA is denatured by heating the two strands separate and if the heat denatured DNA is then cooled slowly the double stranded helix reforms. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

renature
<molecular biology> The reannealing (hydrogen bonding) of single-stranded DNA and/or RNA toform a duplex molecule. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Renaut body
Subperineurial structure comprised of loosely arranged and randomly oriented collagen fibres in a fine fibrillary material, seen in normal nerve as well as in certain pathologic states. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renculus
Synonym: cortical lobules of kidney. ... Synonym: reniculus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome
Synonym for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia ... <gastroenterology> An inherited disease characterised by thin blood vessel walls in the nose, skin and gastrointestinal tract. This condition ins associated with a high risk of bleeding complications. ... Inheritance: autosomal dominant. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Rendu, Henri
<person> French physician, 1844-1902. ... See: Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renewable energy resource
<ecology> An energy resource replenished continuously or that is replaced after use through natural means. Sustainable energy. ... Renewable energy resources include bioenergy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal power, and hydropower. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

reni-
See: reno-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renicapsule
The capsule of the kidney. ... Origin: reni-+ L. Capsula, capsule ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renicardiac
Synonym: cardiorenal. ... Origin: reni-+ G. Kardia, heart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reniculus
Synonym: cortical lobules of kidney. ... 2. A lobe of the human foetal kidney and that of some lower animals in which fibrous septa subdivide the organ. ... Synonym: renculus, renunculus. ... Origin: L. Dim. Of ren, kidney ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renifleur
A sniffer; one who is sexually excited by odours. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reniform
Synonym for kidney-shaped ... Having the form or shape of a kidney; reniform; as, a kidney-shaped leaf. ... (01 Mar 1998) ...

reniform pelvis
A modified cordate pelvis, with a long transverse diameter, giving the brim a kidney shape. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renin
<enzyme> An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyses cleavage of the leucine leucine bond in angiotensin to generate angiotensin. 1. ... The enzyme is synthesised as inactive prorenin in the kidney and released into the blood in the active form in response to various metabolic stimuli. Not to be confused with rennin (chymosin). ... (25 Jun …

reniportal
1. Relating to the hilum of the kidney. ... 2. Relating to the portal, or venous capillary circulation in the kidney. ... Origin: reni-+ L. Porta, gate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rennase
Synonym for chymosin ... <enzyme> The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.23.4 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rennet
<zoology> The inner lining of the fourth stomach of the calf of a ruminant (such as a cow). It is used to make cheese because it produces the enzyme rennin. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

rennin
<enzyme> A proteolytic enzyme that isused to curdle milk to make cheese. ... Rennin is typically used in the form of rennet, a commercial preparation taken from the abomasum of young calves, but because the demand for rennin is so great, the cheese industry is increasingly turning to rennin-producing microbes such as Mucor miehei and Mucor pus …

renninogen
Rennogen ... Synonym: prochymosin. ... Origin: rennin + G. -gen, producing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reno-
Reni- ... The kidney. ... See: nephro-. ... Origin: L. Ren ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renocutaneous
Relating to the kidneys and the skin. ... Origin: reno-+ L. Cutis, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renogastric
Relating to the kidneys and the stomach. ... Origin: reno-+ G. Gaster, stomach ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renogenic
Originating in or from the kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renogram
The assessment of renal function by external radiation detectors after the administration of a radiopharmaceutical that is filtered and excreted by the kidney. ... Origin: reno-+ G. Gramma, something written ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renography
Radiography of the kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renointestinal
Relating to the kidneys and the intestine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renomegaly
Enlargement of the kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renopathy
A rarely used term for nephropathy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renoprival
Relating to, characterised by, or resulting from total loss of kidney function or from removal of all functioning renal tissue. ... Origin: reno-+ L. Privus, deprived of ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renopulmonary
Relating to the kidneys and the lungs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renotrophic
Relating to any agent influencing the growth or nutrition of the kidney or to the action of such an agent. ... Synonym: nephrotrophic, nephrotropic, renotropic. ... Origin: reno-+ G. Trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renotrophin
An agent affecting the growth or nutrition of the kidney. ... Synonym: renotropin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renotropic
Synonym: renotrophic. ... Origin: reno-+ G. Trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renotropin
Synonym for renotrophin ... An agent affecting the growth or nutrition of the kidney. ... Synonym: renotropin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renovascular
<anatomy> Of or pertaining to the blood vessels of the kidneys. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

renovascular hypertension
Hypertension produced by renal arterial obstruction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

renovetur semel
Origin: L., shall be renewed (only) once. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Renpenning
H., 20th century Canadian physician. ... See: Renpenning's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Renpenning's syndrome
<syndrome> X-linked mental retardation with short stature and microcephaly not associated with the fragile X chromosome and occurring more frequently in males, although some females may also be affected. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Renshaw cells
Inhibitory interneurons that are innervated by collaterals from motoneurons and in turn form synapses with the same and adjacent motoneurons to exert inhibition; identified physiologically and by intracellular injection technic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...